DIFFERENT METHODS TOWARD CREATIVITY This is a teaching material for creative thinking class lectured by Hsien-Hui Tang ( 唐玄輝 ) at NTUST, Taiwan [email_address] [email_address]

This is a teaching material for creative thinking class lectured by Hsien-Hui Tang ( 唐玄輝 ) at NTUST, Taiwan

[email_address]

INTRODUCE YOURSELF BY A PIECE OF PAPER Objective definitions of creativity The creation of original and useful work Key characteristics: novelty and value [email_address]

Objective definitions of creativity

The creation of original and useful work

Key characteristics: novelty and value

Research Approaches Psychometric Experimental Biographical Biological Contextual Computational [email_address]

Psychometric

Experimental

Biographical

Biological

Contextual

Computational

Psychometric Approach Oldest approach Creativity is a measurable mental trait Divergent thinking Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Originality( 獨創性 ) ：變化 Fluency( 流暢性 ) ：數量 Flexibility( 變通性 ) ：差異 Elaboration( 精進力 ) ：細節 [email_address]

Oldest approach

Creativity is a measurable mental trait

Divergent thinking

Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking

Originality( 獨創性 ) ：變化

Fluency( 流暢性 ) ：數量

Flexibility( 變通性 ) ：差異

Elaboration( 精進力 ) ：細節

[email_address]

IQ Versus Creativity Disagreement Not correlated with IQ above 120 Highly intelligent individuals not necessarily highly creative [email_address]

Disagreement

Not correlated with IQ above 120

Highly intelligent individuals not necessarily highly creative

The Creative Personality Aware of being creative Imaginative Independent Risk taking High levels of personal energy Curiosity Attracted to complexity and novelty Aesthetic sense Open-minded Need for privacy Tolerance for ambiguity Persistent [email_address]

Aware of being creative

Imaginative

Independent

Risk taking

High levels of personal energy

Curiosity

Attracted to complexity and novelty

Aesthetic sense

Open-minded

Need for privacy

Tolerance for ambiguity

Persistent

Experimental Approach Cognitive psychology 3H3O problem Thought processes involved in solving creativity problems Creativity viewed as cognitive processing (and therefore normative) Focus on components involved in creative thinking tasks [email_address]

Cognitive psychology

3H3O problem

Thought processes involved in solving creativity problems

Creativity viewed as cognitive processing (and therefore normative)

Focus on components involved in creative thinking tasks

[email_address]

Geneplore Model (Finke, Ward, and Smith, 1992) The novelty of design situation: a single geneplore cycle The novelty of design situatedness: multiple geneplore cycles [email_address] Generation of Preinventive Structure Preinventive Exploration and Interpretation Product Constraints

The novelty of design situation: a single geneplore cycle

The novelty of design situatedness: multiple geneplore cycles

Visual Exercise [email_address]

Generation vs Exploration [email_address]

Biographical Approach Life histories of creative people Focus on identifying the developmental experiences, personality traits, environmental factors that contribute to exceptional creative achievement [email_address]

Life histories of creative people

Focus on identifying the developmental experiences, personality traits, environmental factors that contribute to exceptional creative achievement

Creative Mind 創造心靈 七位大師的創造力剖析 七個人都來自同一時代，受到西歐文明的影響 愛因斯坦與佛洛伊德都是科學的代表，畢卡索是一位視覺空間大師，史特拉汶斯基是音樂創作者，艾略特是語言的操控者，葛蘭姆是肢體語言智慧的創作者，甘地則為政治家與宗教領袖 [email_address]

創造心靈 七位大師的創造力剖析

七個人都來自同一時代，受到西歐文明的影響

愛因斯坦與佛洛伊德都是科學的代表，畢卡索是一位視覺空間大師，史特拉汶斯基是音樂創作者，艾略特是語言的操控者，葛蘭姆是肢體語言智慧的創作者，甘地則為政治家與宗教領袖

Creativity Factors Birth order Intellectual precocity Childhood trauma Family background Education/training Role models [email_address]

Birth order

Intellectual precocity

Childhood trauma

Family background

Education/training

Role models

Developmental Cycle 10 years to master your domain Breakthroughs every 10 years Fit between the person and domain [email_address]

10 years to master your domain

Breakthroughs every 10 years

Fit between the person and domain

Biological Approaches Assumes psychological ( 心理的 ) traits have a biological ( 生物的 ) basis Looks at physiological differences between creative and less creative people Biometric & neurometric The Effects of Positive and Negative Mood on Divergent-Thinking Performance DNA, Brain Activities [email_address]

Assumes psychological ( 心理的 ) traits have a biological ( 生物的 ) basis

Looks at physiological differences between creative and less creative people

Biometric & neurometric

The Effects of Positive and Negative Mood on Divergent-Thinking Performance

DNA, Brain Activities

Findings Creative people has used a variety of bizarre methods that they believe have helped them to be more creative (these methods do not include self-control) High states of arousal inhibit creative thinking Alternating need for solitude and stimulation Music, marijuana, hypnotic states increases creativity [email_address]

Creative people has used a variety of bizarre methods that they believe have helped them to be more creative (these methods do not include self-control)

High states of arousal inhibit creative thinking

Alternating need for solitude and stimulation

Music, marijuana, hypnotic states increases creativity

Exercise Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity in the classroom [email_address]

Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity in the classroom

How to Proceed Brainstorming Defer judgment One conversation at a time Encourage wild ideas Go for quantity Build on others ideas Stay Focused Write and Draw [email_address]

Defer judgment

One conversation at a time

Encourage wild ideas

Go for quantity

Build on others ideas

Stay Focused

Write and Draw

Enhancing Creativity in the Classroom Establish purpose and intent Encourage acquisition of domain-specific knowledge Stimulate & reward curiosity and exploration Build internal motivation (perceived locus of control) Encourage confidence and a willingness to take risks Provide opportunities for choice and discovery Develop self-management skills Teach by example Teach techniques and strategies for facilitating creative performance Focus on mastery and self-competition Promote supportable beliefs about creativity [email_address]

Establish purpose and intent

Encourage acquisition of domain-specific knowledge

Stimulate & reward curiosity and exploration

Build internal motivation (perceived locus of control)

Encourage confidence and a willingness to take risks

Provide opportunities for choice and discovery

Develop self-management skills

Teach by example

Teach techniques and strategies for facilitating creative performance

Focus on mastery and self-competition

Promote supportable beliefs about creativity

Contextual Research Approach Organizational Creativity Expertise (technical, procedural & intellectual knowledge), Creative thinking skills (how flexibly and imaginatively people approach problems), Motivation (especially intrinsic motivation). The Deep Dive [email_address]

Organizational Creativity

Expertise (technical, procedural & intellectual knowledge),

Creative thinking skills (how flexibly and imaginatively people approach problems),

Motivation (especially intrinsic motivation).

The Deep Dive

Referential Context Boden (1990) P-creativity and H-creativity Big C and small c [email_address]

Boden (1990) P-creativity and H-creativity

Big C and small c

C SIKSZENTMIHALYI’S SYSTEMS VIEW Individual Generates ideas. Field Evaluates ideas. Domain Informs individuals. [email_address] SOCIETY Field Individual CULTURE Domain GENES & HISTORY Feedback Ideas Information Recognition

Individual

Generates ideas.

Field

Evaluates ideas.

Domain

Informs individuals.

LIU’S DUAL GENERATE–AND–TEST MODEL [email_address]

Computational Approach Using computational programs to mimic human creativity Next Artificial Creativity S-creativity in the design process Using Chinese poem to stimulate creativity Team members and creativity [email_address]

Using computational programs to mimic human creativity

Next

Artificial Creativity

S-creativity in the design process

Using Chinese poem to stimulate creativity

Team members and creativity

Exercise Brainstorming again How to build a water pool in NTUST for the size of 3m X 1m X 0.3m [email_address]

Brainstorming again

How to build a water pool in NTUST for the size of 3m X 1m X 0.3m

Recommended Books Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi Howard Gardner Robert Stenberg [email_address]

Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi

Howard Gardner

Robert Stenberg