India’s population is approximately 1/6 th of the world burden but the disease burden in India is more than 25%( 1/4 th )
Key Point Because HPV infection is common and usually asymptomatic, most transmission may occur unknowingly. HPV infection is usually transmitted by sexual contact, commonly through sexual intercourse, although transmission can occur through nonpenetrative genital contact. Background The greatest behavioral risk for the acquisition of HPV infection is sexual contact, specifically the rate of new partners per month. 1,2 Sexual intercourse is important in the transmission of HPV. 2 Other types of genital contact (genital–genital, manual–genital, oral–genital), which may begin at an earlier age than penetrative intercourse, may also lead to HPV infection. 1,3,4 A recent US study of 603 college-aged (19 years of age, average age at enrollment) women reported a 2-year genital HPV incidence rate of 39% among sexually active women and 8% among virginal women. 1 Genital HPV infection in virgins is rare, but may result from nonpenetrative sexual contact. 1 Proper condom use may help reduce the risk of genital warts, CIN 2 or CIN 3, and invasive cervical cancer, but is not fully protective against infection. 5 Other nonsexual routes of HPV infection include vertical transmission (from a mother to a newborn baby), although this is rare. 6 A potential consequence of vertical transmission of HPV is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), epithelial growths in the respiratory tract. In the larynx, growths may cause hoarseness and airway obstruction, which is potentially fatal. This condition presents most often in children younger than 5 years of age; but it can also occur in adults. 7 Transmission of HPV infection may occur via contact with fomites, such as undergarments, surgical gloves, and biopsy forceps. This route of transmission has been hypothesized but is not well documented and would be rare. 8,9 Although it is clear that sexual contact is the major mode of HPV transmission, most individuals infected by HPV do not know they have the disease. 10 Therefore, they may unknowingly spread the virus. References 1. Winer RL, Lee S-K, Hughes JP, Adam DE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA. Genital human papillomavirus infection: Incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol . 2003;157:218–226. 2. Kjaer SK, Chackerian B, van den Brule AJ, et al. High-risk human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted: Evidence from a follow-up study of virgins starting sexual activity (intercourse). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2001;10:101–106. 3. Fairley CK, Gay NJ, Forbes A, Abramson M, Garland SM. Hand–genital transmission of genital warts? An analysis of prevalence data. Epidemiol Infect . 1995;115:169–176. 4. Herrero R, Castellsagué X, Pawlita M, et al. Human papillomavirus and oral cancer: The International Agency for Research on Cancer multicenter study. J Natl Cancer Inst . 2003;95:1772–1783. 5. Manhart LE, Koutsky LA. Do condoms prevent genital HPV infection, external genital warts, or cervical neoplasia? A meta-analysis . Sex Transm Dis . 2002;29:725−735. 6. Smith EM, Ritchie JM, Yankowitz J, et al. Human papillomavirus prevalence and types in newborns and parents: Concordance and modes of transmission. Sex Transm Dis . 2004;31:57–62. 7. Kashima HK, Mounts P, Shah K. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am . 1996;23:699–706. 8. Ferenczy A, Bergeron C, Richart RM. Human papillomavirus DNA in fomites on objects used for the management of patients with genital human papillomavirus infections. Obstet Gynecol . 1989;74:950–954. 9. Roden RB, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Papillomavirus is resistant to desiccation. J Infect Dis . 1997;176:1076–1079. 10. Anhang R, Goodman A, Goldie SJ. HPV communication: Review of existing research and recommendations for patient education. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54:248 – 259.
Key Point The Phase III clinical program for QHPV Vaccine ® [Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine] includes FUTURE I and FUTURE II studies that enrolled more than 17,000 adolescent and young adult females (15 to 26 years old) on 4 continents (26 countries) and demonstrated 98% to 100% efficacy against Cervical precancers and genital warts. Background FUTURE I is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, for which 5,455 women aged 16 to 24 were enrolled across 62 study sites within 17 countries (4 continents), between January 2002 and March 2003. The enrolled population of young women was diverse and came from both developed and developing countries. The study covered a span of 4 years (data were unblinded June 15, 2006) and the average follow-up for the participants was 3 years. 1 The efficacy against HPV 6, 11, 16 & 18 related CIN 2/3, vulvar and Vaginal precancers and genital warts was found to be 100% FUTURE II is a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, for which 12,167 women aged 15 to 26 were enrolled across 90 study sites within 14 countries (4 continents), between June 2002 and May 2003. The study covered a span of 4 years (data were unblinded June 15, 2006) and the average follow-up for the participants was 3 years. 2 The efficacy against HPV 16 & 18 related CIN2/3 was 100% References: 1. Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine: prevention of cervical, vulvar and vaginal disease. New Engl J Med . 2007;356: 1928–1943. 2. The FUTURE II Study Group. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: prevention of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. New Engl J Med . 2007;356:1915–1927.
Fogsi Msd Protecting Young Girls - Presentation Transcript
PROTECTING YOUNG GIRLS An Educational Project by Adolescent Health Committee of FOGSI
…a word from the Chairperson
Dear Friends,
Engaging adolescents in programs that seek to enhance their spiritual and intellectual capacities and prepare them to participate effectively in the affairs of their communities is a most significant act of service. “Protecting young Girls” is devised to sensitize gynecologists as well as teachers and parents towards the special health needs of the young who we feel need a sympathetic understanding and patient counseling on various issues which they face (including health concerns) rather than an impersonal prescription or theoretical lectures from their mentors. We aim to “help young people form a strong moral identity in their early Adolescent years & empower them to contribute to the well-being of their communities....‘”
Hope with this effort not only the adolescents but also their parents & teachers get benefited.
With regards,
Dr. Roza Olyai
National Chairperson, Adolescent health Committee FOGSI
FOGSI at a glance Federation of Obstetrics & Gynaecological Societies of India Health Care, Academics Research, Health Education Social Service >26 Committees (Like AHC ) >23,000 Members >200 Societies in 200 cities National Body of Women Health Care Providers
Overview of this presentation Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Preventive Health Objectives of the Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Committee Objectives
To provide accurate, culturally-acceptable, gender-sensitive information for the promotion of adolescent health
To provide life-skills training that is age-appropriate and culturally-acceptable
Enabling adolescents to cope with their health and development including reproductive health
To Facilitate Adolescent Friendly Health Services in India
Defining Health
Not only absence of disease.
Physical, Social & Spiritual wellbeing is essential.
HOW TO ACHIEVE HEALTHY STATUS ???
Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Social health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Rights Adolescents
Right to life
Right to equality, and to be free from all forms of discrimination
Right to privacy
Right to freedom of thought
Right to information and education
Right to choose whether or not to marry and to found and plan a family
Right to health care and health protection
Right to the benefit of scientific progress
Social health IPPF Charter Facts on Sexual and Reproductive Rights, IPPF
Adolescent Girl’s Emotions
Related to:
Physical changes
Psychological changes
Sex & sexuality
Relationship
Career
Sexual abuse (fear/fact)
Social health
Teens want Social health Encourage & praise Recognition Talk to them Communication & Confidentiality Share their feelings Empathy Beware of comparison Acceptance See strong/weak points objectively Understanding To be loved Affection Feeling of being wanted Security
Let’s talk… about Every teenager has a query & confusion! Let’s know…What are they?! Social health
Mom’s reactions! Look at her… How she treats me after all, I have done so much for her. . . She was NEVER like this before. . . Social health
Daughter’s reactions! No one understands me well. . My parents scolds me every now & then, they don’t love me. . . Social health
Getting angry?
Why?
When?
How to control?
Guilty..?
Be cool. . . . !
Social health
Making friends
Selection
Relationship
Honesty
Loyalty
Care & concern
Sharing
. . .friends forever
Social health
Getting Attracted?!
It’s Natural
Know your limits
Be responsive and responsible
Healthy, long lasting relationship makes life better
Social health
Social health
Depends on societal support (Family & Community)
Influenced by availability of health care facility & its utility
Affects mental health the most
Everyone has to play role as it is interdependent
Social health
To whom you talk regarding health awareness?
Friends
Parents
Sister/Brother
Teachers
……… ..OR SURFING INTERNET?!
We recommend
Systematic approach for getting true and scientific information
Seeking help from subject expert (Doctor, Counselor, Health Care Provider)
Social health
We appreciate
Parent’s & family involvement
We request you to build bridge of communication with daughters….make them talk to You.
Vaccinate them, Educate them regarding health issues
Social health
Adolescent’s emotions ~ Global concern Multiple / overlapping Social health ???? Insecurity Drive for freedom Fear Anger Peer pressure Frustration
Fighting against disease
Wellbeing is depending on state of mind too!
Vaccines help you fighting against disease.
HOW DO YOU FIGHT against ill effect in the society & world ???
Emotional & Spiritual Quotient help you being healthy & is as important as IQ.
Social health
Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Why Spirituality?
Religion has two components, theology and spirituality. Even though theology is unique to every religion, the spiritual component spreads the value to be inculcated by human beings for promoting a good human life and welfare of the society, while pursuing
the material life.
- Dr Abdul Kalam (Former President of India) - "Learning from Missions“Dec.6th,2007
What is Your Child Really Like?
Human being (Two natures)
Spiritual or higher nature (he approaches God)
Material or lower nature (he lives for the world)
The true self of the man is the human spirit ; the mind is its essential quality, which is inclined towards the ultimate reality, the unknowable essence of essences called God.
In other words, the core of your child’s being
is spiritual.
Just as we nurture her body, specially during Adolescence we need to nurture this core of her being, her soul or spirituality.
Spiritual health
How Does Spirituality help during Adolescence?
During these years child moves from dependency on parents to independence.
She also begins to think for oneself, and becomes aware of contradictions that exist in society so she has her own denial/acceptance.
“ Man should know his own self and recognize that which leadeth unto loftiness or lowliness, glory or abasement, wealth or poverty”.
Dignity, success and achievement of life’s purpose depends on this ability to distinguish right from wrong, to perform one’s duty, and live a life of service.
Spiritual health
Spiritual Empowerment of Youth To Combat Moral Decline
Today’s intense materialism & influences of the media, advertising, literature and a growing consumer culture tend to promote selfishness and demands (not duty and sacrifice; immediate satisfaction of desires, not mature and responsible behaviors)
Society has a responsibility both to help young people develop their capacity for moral decision-making and to protect them from the consequences of involvement in developmentally inappropriate sexual / other behaviors
It is extremely difficult to teach the individual and refine his character once puberty is reached. Spiritual training must begin early
Spiritual health
Spiritual Identity is an important part of development for adolescents.
It involves many developmental assets:
Internal development
Family relationships
Connectedness
Moral principles
Empowerment
Spiritual health
Remember
As we grow and become independent, we need inner strength to make our own decisions, to resist unnecessary pressures from our peers and avoid those mistakes that will cripple us for life in one way or another.
Spirituality means being whole, body, mind and soul in harmony. We are familiar with the laws of nature; we need to be constantly aware of our true inner self and nurture it.
Spiritual health
The next speaker will talk about Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Do you know?
Your Blood Group?
Your Hemoglobin level?
Your Vaccination Record?
Preventive health
Preventive health
Depends on life style
Influenced by environment
Helps you avoid many diseases like
Nutritional deficiency
Stress & related issues
Acquired infections
Preventable diseases
Preventive health
Disease Prevention By habits & lifestyle Adolescents
By vaccination (developing immunity)
By having certain diseases (like measles)
Preventive health
Do you eat well?
You require….
Protein
Carbohydrate
Minerals
Fat
Micronutrients for proper growth
Preventive health
Healthy habits!
Lots of green leafy vegetables
Regular intake of milk.
Regular meals, Good breakfast.
Avoid more fats (oil, cheese, butter).
NO CRASH DIET
Preventive health
How About Exercise?
“ Well to do, but don’t get time!”
“ Don’t do regularly!”
“ Doesn't help much!”
Preventive health NO EXCUSE PLEASE, It really helps.
Benefits of Exercise
Improves strength & endurance
Helps build healthy bone & muscles
Helps control weight
Reduces anxiety & stress
Increases self esteem
Preventive health
Hygiene
Very important aspect for Healthy living
You know well about general Hygiene & food hygiene
Frequent hand washing
Regular bath
Reproductive Hygiene
Dry, cotton undergarments
Clean sanitary pads
Preventive health
Menstrual Hygiene
Clean your private parts well frequently
Change your pads frequently
Wash your genitals every time you change pad or pass urine/stool, wash upwards to downwards
Dispose the pad properly (wrapped into paper & put it into dustbin)
Preventive health
Oops! Pain during periods?
Having Pain during periods?
It happens due to muscle activity of uterus (that sends the blood & endometrium out)
Its squeezing action!
Disturbs your routine?
NOT To worry, it can be cured
Preventive health
Treatment for painful periods
Lifestyle Modification:
Low-fat vegetarian diet
Decreased consumption of foods like caffeine, salt & sugar
Pain killers (NSAIDS) {They are not habit forming}, OC pills, vitamins/nutritional supplement as advised by your doctor.
Preventive health
Acne / Pimples Obesity/Overweight 50% of women with PCOS are obese. Which develops at the time of puberty . Polycystic Ovarion Disease It’s natural, normal reaction due to hormone changes…. Preventive health Pimples on face…. I really don’t like it! Oh! NO!!!
Treatment
Life style modification: (Self care)
Healthy Diet
Exercise regularly: Brisk walking
Jogging for half an hour 3-4 times a week
Take stairs, not elevators, increase your activity
Boils & pimples: Wash face regularly. Avoid skin irritants Watch what touches the face. Don’t pick or squeeze pimples. Minimize use of cosmetics
Excessive Hair: Waxing, Shaving, Laser
Medical treatment : by your doctor after doing blood test
Preventive health
BE aware
Your Health is your asset, maintain it well.
Avoid infections by any source.
Never acquire preventable Diseases!
Preventive health
Steps towards Safety
Vaccines help prevent few diseases/minimize the risk…. of having infection/disease like
Tetanus Toxoid
Hepatitis B
Mumps, Measles, Diphtheria
Rubella
Typhoid
Influenza
Tuberculosis
Cervical Cancer
Preventive health ARE YOU VACCINATED? Talk to your Doctor
Two Important vaccines for young girls
Vaccine to prevent
Rubella infection (thereby avoiding birth of a child with defect)
Cervical Cancer (Cervix is the mouth of the organ-uterus. Its cancer prevalence is increasing & is the top most killer for women)
CERVIX
WHO SEARO estimates….
10,00,000 birth per year..having congenital defect (INDIA)
Blindness
Heart defects
Mental retardation
Deafness
21% due to Rubella
JBAJ June 1995 vol3 SEARO: South East Asia Regional Office (WHO) Preventive health
Vaccine against Rubella
One dose protects for 18-20 years
Must before planning pregnancy
CAN NOT be taken during pregnancy
Avoid pregnancy for 1 month after vaccination
To be taken beneath the skin
Very SAFE, Easily available
Preventive health
Preventive Health Objectives of Committee Social Health Effects of HPV infection on health HPV Vaccine Spiritual Health Protecting Young Girls B E C D A
Most common STDs
Curable (mostly bacterial)
Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Syphillis
Least Curable / Incurable (Viral)
HIV / AIDS, HPV, Hepatitis B, Herpes
HPV infection & Youth
Common symptoms of STDs are redness, itching, ulcers, discharge over genitals / burning while passing urine
The Big Boss From Smile to Agony
India ~1,32,000 World ~ 4,93,000 India ~27% of new Cancer cervix cases in world India ~ 74,000 World ~ 2,73,000 India ~27% Rest of World - 73% India ~ 27% of deaths due to Cancer cervix in world Rest of World - 73% India - 27% Cancer Cervix– Disease Burden New Cancer Cervix Cases Deaths due to Cancer Cervix India ~27% Rest of World - 73% India: ~27% deaths worldwide due to Cancer cervix WHO/ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Summary report on HPV and cervical cancer statistics in India. 2007. [Accessed on 18th March 2008. Available at www. who. int/ hpvcentre c WHO/ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer
*Ray K et al, Indian J Med Res 2006; 124: 559-568 18% 6% 11% 10.5% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1990-93 1994-97 1998-01 2002-04 Study Period Percentage Genital Warts – Disease Burden: India* Increasing trend of HPV induced Genital warts in India
Years of Life Lost to Cancer Cervix* *In women in the United States (2003) 1. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, et al. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2003 , National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD; 2006. 26 19 18 26 Average years of life lost in women with Cancer cervix
HPV Infection Low Grade Cancerous Lesions High Grade Cancerous Lesions Invasive Cancer 0–1 Year 0–5 Years 1–20 Years Facts about HPV Infection Aim is to prevent High grade cancerous lesions Minimal symptoms Symptoms appear
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) HPV 16 HPV 18 HPV 6 HPV 11 Cancer causing Type 1,2,3 Non-cancer causing type 1,2 76.7% of cancer cervix cases in India 4 90% of anogenital wart cases worldwide 4 HPV 1.Schiffman M, Castle PE. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 2003;127:930–934. 2. Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, et al. Clin Infect Dis . 2002;35(suppl 2):S210–S224. 3. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al. J Pathol. 1999;189:12–19. 4. X. Castellsagué, S. de Sanjose, T. Aguado, K. S. Louie, L. Bruni, J.Muñoz, M. Diaz, K. Irwin, M. Gacic, O. Beauvais, G. Albero, E. Ferrer, S. Byrne,F. X. Bosch. HPV and Cervical Cancer in the World. 2007 Report. WHO/ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Available at: www.who.int/hpvcentre HPV causes 99.7% cases of cancer cervix 3
How HPV is transmitted
Most infected individuals are unaware that they are infected and may unknowingly spread the virus.
The vaccine should target females at the most convenient and optimal age (12-16 years old) for vaccination before their first sexual exposure.
Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for females aged 10 to 12 years.
HPV vaccination may be offered to all up to 26 years (bivalent upto 45 years), regardless of sexual activity, but offers less benefit if already sexually active. The decision is based on the informed discussion between the woman and her health care provider regarding risk of previous HPV exposure and potential benefit from vaccination.
Summary
HPV has been found in ~ 100% cases of cancer cervix.
Approximately 27% of the world burden of Cancer cervix is seen in India.
Average years of life lost in women with Cancer cervix is 26 years.
HPV vaccine is an excellent measure for prevention of cancer of the cervix and other HPV related anogenital cancers.
We Care
Let’s PROTECT
OUR Young girls
Let’s join hands!
Help yourself to bring out the beautiful woman hidden within you!
We are with you………
Youth friendly services is our motto
You may ASK us sending chit
You may write your queries to us on email: teensmsd@ adolescenthealthindia.org
Visit our Web Site:
www.adolescenthealthindia.org
Thank You
Acknowledgements
You have been very attentive audience Thank YOU !
Thanks to School Authorities
For allowing us to be with YOU
Dr. Roza Olyai & her team
Who gave an opportunity to communicate here as FOGSIAN
Dr. Darshna Thakker & Dr. Nayson Olyai
For developing this presentation with conceptual theme & content
Sarjan Communication
For bringing out final output of Educational Program (CD, TOT Kit)
All Doctor Speakers
Who have voluntarily given their time towards this Educational Program
MSD Team at all level has helped us persistently
to take this project countrywide
Disclaimer
Information given through this academic presentation is only an overview of adolescent health care & not the substitute to talking concerned specialist.
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