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Arabia
INFO:
• Large peninsula separated from Africa
  by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
  on the west and from Asia by the
  Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman on
  the east
• Indian Ocean forms the southern
  boundary and the deserts of Jordan
  and Syria isolate the area from the
  north. Arabs call the area “Jazirat al-
  Arab” (island of the Arabs).
INFO:
• Arabian peninsula was occupied by the
  wealthy Sabaean civilization, then by
  Babylonians and the Egyptians.
• It was eventually united (7th century) under
  the caliphs of Muhammad and became the
  “cradle of Islam”.
National costume
Riyadh, CAPITAL
Deera Square, central Riyadh. Known
locally as "Chop-chop square", it is the
    location of public beheadings.
Mosque
• Holy place
  of religious
  activities in
  Islam
Two Holy
Mosques in
  Arabia
Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca)
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina)
Holy names in
   islam
ALLAH (the one and only God)
MUHAMMAD

• Islam’s Holy
  man
• Prophet of
  Allah
Islam’s holy
    book
QU’RAN
• Includes
  teachings of
  Allah
• Also includes
  teachings of
  Muhammad
Teachings of
   islam
THE FIVE KALIMAS
1. 'KALlMA TAYYIBAH'-

"There is none worthy of
   Worship but Allah
   Muhammed is Allah's
   Messenger."
2. SALAAT- Daily five times PRAYER -
   NAMAAZ
3. To give ZAKAAT
4. SAUM (FASTING) in the month
   of RAMADHAAN
5. To perform the HAJJ
ARABIC
LITERATURE
PRE-ISLAMIC
LITERATURE
• The structure of the Arabic language is
  well-suited to harmonious word-patterns,
  with elaborate rhymes and rhythms.
• The earliest known literature emerged in
  northern Arabia around 500 AD and took
  the form of poetry which was recited
  aloud, memorized and handed down from
  one generation to another.
• It began to be written down towards the
  end of the seventh century.
MU’ALLAQAT
• Meaning “suspended”
• considered sufficiently
  outstanding to be hung on
  the walls of the ka'ba in
  Makkah.
QASIDAH
• normally consists of 70-80 pairs of half-lines
• describe the nomadic life, opening with a
  lament at an abandoned camp for a lost love
• praise the poet's horse or camel and
  describes a journey, with the hardships it
  entails
• contain the main theme of the poem, often
  extolling the poet's tribe and villifying its
  enemies
ARABIC
PROSE
IBN AL MUQAFFA
• a convert to Islam who
  translated classical
  Persian works into
  Arabic
• became famous as the
  author of Kalila and
  Dimna, a series of
  didactic fables in which
  two jackals offer moral
  and practical advice
AL-JAHIZ
   • developed Arabic
     prose into a literary
     vehicle of precision
     and elegance
   • noted for his wit and
     became one of
     Baghdad's leading
     intellectuals during the
     early Abbasid period
Most famous works of Al-Jahiz:
• Kitab al-Hayawan ("The Book of Animals"),
  an anthology of animal anecdotes.
• Kitab al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin ("The Book of
  Elucidation and Exposition"), ostensibly about
  rhetoric but also covering history and
  science.
• Kitab al-Bukhala’ ("The Book of Misers"),
  amusing but perceptive observations on
  psychology.
ABU AL-FARAJ al-Isfahani
• wrote Kitab al-Aghani ("The Book of
  Songs"), in 24 volumes. A model of
  simplicity and clarity in its writing, the
  book gives a comprehensive picture
  of Arab culture and society, including
  songs and poems which were popular
  in Baghdad under the Caliph Harun
  al-Rashid.
AL-HAMADHANI
     • credited with
       inventing the genre
       known
       as maqamat("assem
       blies") - dramatic
       anecdotes narrated
       by a witty but
       unscrupulous rogue
       which poke fun at all
       levels of society
AL-HARIRI
• took the maqamahto
  new heights (or
  extremes) in order
  to demonstrate his
  prowess with word-
  play and his
  seemingly
  inexhaustible
  vocabulary
A THOUSAND AND
   ONE NIGHTS
   (ARABIAN
    NIGHTS)
Arabia
MAIN FRAME OF THE
         STORY
• concerns a Persian king and his new bride
• He is shocked to discover that his brother's wife
  is unfaithful; discovering his own wife's infidelity
  has been even more flagrant, he has her
  executed: but in his bitterness and grief decides
  that all women are the same.
• The king, Shahryar, begins to marry a
  succession of virgins only to execute each one
  the next morning, before she has a chance to
  dishonour him.
• Eventually the vizier, whose duty it is to provide
  them, cannot find any more virgins.
• Scheherazade, the vizier's daughter, offers herself
  as the next bride and her father reluctantly agrees.
• On the night of their marriage, Scheherazade begins
  to tell the king a tale, but does not end it. The king is
  thus forced to postpone her execution in order to
  hear the conclusion.
• The next night, as soon as she finishes the tale, she
  begins (and only begins) a new one, and the king,
  eager to hear the conclusion, postpones her
  execution once again. So it goes on for 1,001
  nights.
• Story ends with
  the sultan
  pardoning
  Sheherezade,
  thus accepting
  that he had
  already fallen in
  love with her.
Arabia

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Arabia

  • 2. INFO: • Large peninsula separated from Africa by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden on the west and from Asia by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman on the east • Indian Ocean forms the southern boundary and the deserts of Jordan and Syria isolate the area from the north. Arabs call the area “Jazirat al- Arab” (island of the Arabs).
  • 3. INFO: • Arabian peninsula was occupied by the wealthy Sabaean civilization, then by Babylonians and the Egyptians. • It was eventually united (7th century) under the caliphs of Muhammad and became the “cradle of Islam”.
  • 6. Deera Square, central Riyadh. Known locally as "Chop-chop square", it is the location of public beheadings.
  • 7. Mosque • Holy place of religious activities in Islam
  • 11. Holy names in islam
  • 12. ALLAH (the one and only God)
  • 13. MUHAMMAD • Islam’s Holy man • Prophet of Allah
  • 15. QU’RAN • Includes teachings of Allah • Also includes teachings of Muhammad
  • 16. Teachings of islam
  • 17. THE FIVE KALIMAS 1. 'KALlMA TAYYIBAH'- "There is none worthy of Worship but Allah Muhammed is Allah's Messenger."
  • 18. 2. SALAAT- Daily five times PRAYER - NAMAAZ
  • 19. 3. To give ZAKAAT
  • 20. 4. SAUM (FASTING) in the month of RAMADHAAN
  • 21. 5. To perform the HAJJ
  • 24. • The structure of the Arabic language is well-suited to harmonious word-patterns, with elaborate rhymes and rhythms. • The earliest known literature emerged in northern Arabia around 500 AD and took the form of poetry which was recited aloud, memorized and handed down from one generation to another. • It began to be written down towards the end of the seventh century.
  • 25. MU’ALLAQAT • Meaning “suspended” • considered sufficiently outstanding to be hung on the walls of the ka'ba in Makkah.
  • 26. QASIDAH • normally consists of 70-80 pairs of half-lines • describe the nomadic life, opening with a lament at an abandoned camp for a lost love • praise the poet's horse or camel and describes a journey, with the hardships it entails • contain the main theme of the poem, often extolling the poet's tribe and villifying its enemies
  • 28. IBN AL MUQAFFA • a convert to Islam who translated classical Persian works into Arabic • became famous as the author of Kalila and Dimna, a series of didactic fables in which two jackals offer moral and practical advice
  • 29. AL-JAHIZ • developed Arabic prose into a literary vehicle of precision and elegance • noted for his wit and became one of Baghdad's leading intellectuals during the early Abbasid period
  • 30. Most famous works of Al-Jahiz: • Kitab al-Hayawan ("The Book of Animals"), an anthology of animal anecdotes. • Kitab al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin ("The Book of Elucidation and Exposition"), ostensibly about rhetoric but also covering history and science. • Kitab al-Bukhala’ ("The Book of Misers"), amusing but perceptive observations on psychology.
  • 31. ABU AL-FARAJ al-Isfahani • wrote Kitab al-Aghani ("The Book of Songs"), in 24 volumes. A model of simplicity and clarity in its writing, the book gives a comprehensive picture of Arab culture and society, including songs and poems which were popular in Baghdad under the Caliph Harun al-Rashid.
  • 32. AL-HAMADHANI • credited with inventing the genre known as maqamat("assem blies") - dramatic anecdotes narrated by a witty but unscrupulous rogue which poke fun at all levels of society
  • 33. AL-HARIRI • took the maqamahto new heights (or extremes) in order to demonstrate his prowess with word- play and his seemingly inexhaustible vocabulary
  • 34. A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS (ARABIAN NIGHTS)
  • 36. MAIN FRAME OF THE STORY • concerns a Persian king and his new bride • He is shocked to discover that his brother's wife is unfaithful; discovering his own wife's infidelity has been even more flagrant, he has her executed: but in his bitterness and grief decides that all women are the same. • The king, Shahryar, begins to marry a succession of virgins only to execute each one the next morning, before she has a chance to dishonour him.
  • 37. • Eventually the vizier, whose duty it is to provide them, cannot find any more virgins. • Scheherazade, the vizier's daughter, offers herself as the next bride and her father reluctantly agrees. • On the night of their marriage, Scheherazade begins to tell the king a tale, but does not end it. The king is thus forced to postpone her execution in order to hear the conclusion. • The next night, as soon as she finishes the tale, she begins (and only begins) a new one, and the king, eager to hear the conclusion, postpones her execution once again. So it goes on for 1,001 nights.
  • 38. • Story ends with the sultan pardoning Sheherezade, thus accepting that he had already fallen in love with her.