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Helminthiasis
1. HELMINTHIASIS
Introduction
In this disease body is infested with worms such as pinworm, roundworm or tapeworm.
Infections caused by Helminthiasis are:
1) Schistosomiasis
2) Ascariasis
3) Trichuriasis
4) Hookworm
5) Onchocerciasis
6) Filariasis
Causative Agents
The different types of worms include:
i) Roundworms: They are of two types Adult Intestinal Nematodes and Larval Tissue
Nematodes.
ii) Tapeworms: They are found in the intestine or larvae in the tissues.
iii) Flukes: These are hermaphrodites with an exception of blood flukes. They are found in blood
vessels, the intestine, biliary tract, lungs.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Helminthiasis are as follows:
1) Abdominal pain
2) Diarrhea
3) Fever
4) Fatigue
5) Pruritis ani
6) Gastrointestinal inflammation
7) Weight Loss
8) Eosinophilia
9) Dehydration
10) Anorexia
2. Mode of Transmission
The disease is transmitted through :
1) Fecal - oral route for ascaris, trichuris and hookworm
2) Skin penetration for hookworms
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by finding the characteristic eggs in the stool by direct smear or by
concentration method.
Prevention and Control
Following measures can be taken for prevention and control of the disease:
1. Sanitary measures
a. Sanitary disposal of human excreta to prevent or reduce faecal contamination of the
soil.
b. Open air defecation in general, should be prohibited.
2. Health education
a. Safe drinking water from a safe source, after proper treatment including filtration
should be provided.
b. Food hygiene by way of thorough washing of vegetables to be consumed should be
insisted upon.
3. Personal hygiene
a. Washing hands before taking any meal and after ablution should be practiced.
b. Biting of nails or sucking of thumbs/fingers should not be practiced.
c. Use of slippers/sandals in the neighborhood of latrines and not to walk bare footed.
4. Mass Deworming
a. Several effective drugs viz Albendazole , Mebendazole , Levamisole and Pyrantel are
available for treatment.