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Tutorial 1 Browser Basics

Objectives

Learn about the Internet and the World Wide Web

Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages

Learn how Web page addresses are constructed

Become familiar with Web browsers and the main functions found in this type of software

New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Objectives

Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser to navigate the Web

Save and organize Web addresses using Internet Explorer

Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer

Objectives

Configure and use the Mozilla Firefox Web browser to navigate the Web

Save and organize Web addresses using Mozilla Firefox

Save Web page text and graphics using Mozilla Firefox

The Internet

Computers connected to each other form a network

LAN ( local area network ): networked computers physically near each other

WAN ( wide area network ): networked computers not near each other

The Internet

Interconnected network : networks connected to each other

Internet : a specific interconnected network that connects computers all over the world using a common set of interconnection standards

World Wide Web ( WWW ): subset of the computers on the Internet that use software to make their contents easily accessible to each other

The World Wide Web

Web servers: computers connected to the Internet that contain files their owners have made available publicly through their Internet connections

When you use your Internet connection to become part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web client in a worldwide client/server network

Web browser: software that you run on your computer to make it work as a Web client

Client/Server Structure of the World Wide Web New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on the Web to format documents

HTML uses codes ( tags ) to tell the Web browser software how to display text

HTML document : text file that contains HTML tags

When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it is referred to as a Web page

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia

HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents to each other

Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also connect one part of HTML document to another part

Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and video clips

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Web Site Organization

Web site : collection of linked Web pages with a common theme or focus

Home page

Main page for a particular Web site

First page that opens when you start your Web browser; sometimes called start page

Web page that a Web browser loads the first time you use it; also sometimes called start page

Addresses on the Web

Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to each computer on the Web

Domain name: unique name associated with specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer

Domain Name Software (DNS): coordinates IP addresses and domain names for all computers attached to it

Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS software

The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain (TLD)

Common Top Level Domains (TLDs) New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Uniform Resource Locators

Four-part addressing scheme tells the Web browser:

Transfer protocol to use when transporting the file

Domain name of computer on which file resides

Pathname of folder or directory on computer on which file resides

Name of the file

Uniform Resource Locators New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Main Elements of Web Browsers

Title Bar

Scroll Bars

Status Bar

Menu Bar

Page Tab

Home Button

Main Elements of the Internet Explorer Program Window New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Main Elements of the Firefox Program Window New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Finding Information on the Web Using Search Engines & Web Directories

Web Search Engines: Web pages that conduct searches of the Web to find words or expressions you enter

Web Directory: Web page that contains a list of Web page categories like education or recreation

Can narrow the results returned for a particular search

Web directory editors categorize the Web pages

Returning to Web Pages Previously Visited

Using favorites and bookmarks

Internet Explorer - save the URL of a site you would like to revisit as a favorite in the Favorites folder

Firefox - use a bookmark to save the URL of a specific page so you can return to it

Using the History List

Back button

Forward button

Using Tabs

Page tabs can be used to quickly navigate among open pages

Reloading a Web Page and Stopping a Web Page Transfer

The browser stores a copy of every Web page it displays on your computer’s hard drive in a cache folder

Use the Refresh button in IE or the Reload button in Firefox to load the same Web page that appears in the browser window again

Use the Stop button to halt the Web page transfer from the server

Cookies

Cookie

Small file that a Web server writes to the disk of the client computer

Can contain information about the user such as login names and passwords

Assists in performing functions such as automatic login

User is often unaware that the files are being written to the computer’s disk drive

Printing and Saving Web Pages

You can use a Web browser to print a Web page

You can save copies of most Web pages as files that you can store on your computer’s hard disk, or other storage medium

Some Web pages are written to make copying and saving difficult

Other Web Browser Choices

Other Internet browsers began to make a dent in Microsoft’s dominant position in 2004

Security flaws in Internet Explorer were increasingly exploited by virus and worm writers

Organizations and individuals began to doubt reliability of a single browser

Mozilla Project

Mosaic

One of the first Web browsers

Developed in 1990s

Netscape Navigator

First commercially successful Web browser

Created by Mosaic developers

Originally called “ Mozilla ,” short for “Mosaic killer”

Mozilla Project

Mozilla project

Started in 1999 after Netscape Navigator was turned over to a non-profit organization

They rebuilt the browser rendering engine (the internal workings of the browser)

Gecko engine: browser rendering engine used in Netscape Navigator, the Mozilla browser and Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Suite

Combination of software applications developed by the Mozilla open source project

Gecko engine

E-mail client

Newsgroup client

HTML editor

Instant messaging chat client

Development continues today as the SeaMonkey Project

Time Warner’s AOL division distributes most of the Mozilla Suite as Netscape Navigator

Opera

Started out as research project at Telenor, Norway’s state telecommunication company

Program code written independently and is not affected by security flaws exploited by those attacking Gecko-based browsers or IE

Free version available supported by advertising

Opera

First Web browser to offer:

Tabbed browsing

Button to toggle on and off the download of images with a Web page

Search window that the user could configure to run searches in specific search engines automatically

Opera New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Browsers for Hire: iRider

Internet Explorer, Firefox, SeaMonkey, and Opera are all available at no cost

Some browsers, such as Opera and iRider, charge a license fee

iRider

Designed for power users

Can view thumbnail images of multiple open Web pages displayed in a hierarchical map called a Page List

Keeps all open Web pages in memory until the user deletes them

User can run several searches simultaneously and compare the results

Users can select multiple links on a page and iRider downloads the pages simultaneously

iRider New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law

Copyright : legal right of the author or other owner of an original work to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that work

Laws govern the use of photocopies, audio or video recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original work

Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into tangible form

Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright notice

Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law

Fair use is a provision that allows students to use limited amounts of copyrighted information in term papers and other reports in an academic setting

Source must always be cited

Commercial use of copyright more restricted

Obtain permission from copyright holder before using anything you copy from a Web page

Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer

Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs , click Internet Explorer

Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer

The status bar at the bottom of the window includes several panels that give you information about Internet Explorer’s operations

Transfer progress report and graphical transfer progress indicator

Security settings

Entering a URL in the Address Bar (IE)

Click at end of current text in the Address bar, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL

Type the URL of the location that you want to go

Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window

Navigating Web Pages Using the Mouse

The easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:

Click the hyperlink

After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the Web page’s background

Click Back on the shortcut menu

Creating a Favorite for a Web Site

The Favorites Center lets you store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so you can return to them easily

You can create folders to store your favorites in

You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure even after you have stored them

Creating a New Favorites Folder:

Open the Web page in Internet Explorer

Click the Add to Favorites button, then click Add to Favorites

Type the title you would like to use for this Favorite in the Name text box (most Web pages will place text that describes the page in the Name text box; you can edit or replace that text)

Click the New Folder button

Type the name of the new folder in the Folder name text box, and then click the Create button

Click the Add button

Move an Existing Favorite into a New Folder:

Click the Favorites Center button

Right-click the folder in which you want to add the new folder and click the Create New Folder command to display a new folder in the Favorites Center window

Type the name of the new folder, and then press the Enter key

Drag the favorite that you want to move into the new folder

Changing the Default Home Page in Internet Explorer

Click the Tools button on the Command toolbar, and then click Internet Options

Click the General tab in the Internet Options dialog box

Select whether you want Internet Explorer to open with the current page, its default page, or a blank page by clicking the corresponding button in the Home page section of the Internet Options dialog box

To specify a home page, type the URL of that Web page in the Home page list box. If you want multiple Home pages to open on separate tabs, type the URL for each home page on separate lines in the Home Page list box

Click the OK button

Using Page Tabs to Navigate in Internet Explorer

Open pages by right-clicking hyperlinks and selecting Open in New Tab on the shortcut menu

Click the page tabs to move among open Web pages

Printing a Web Page (IE)

Click the Print button on the Command bar, and then click Print to print the current Web page with the default print settings

Or

Click the Print Button arrow on the Command bar, and then click Print to open the Print dialog box

In the Print dialog box, select the printer you want to use, and then indicate the pages you want to print and the number of copies you want to make of each page

To print a range of pages, click the Pages option button, then type the first page of the range, type a hyphen, and then type the last page of the range

Click the Print button

Checking Web Page Security (IE)

Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the page’s contents

A certification authority is a company that attests to a Web site’s legitimacy

Getting Help in Internet Explorer New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Using Internet Explorer to Save a Web Page

You can save entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk

You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs

You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Picture As

Starting Mozilla Firefox

Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs , point to Mozilla , and then click Firefox

Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox)

The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that execute frequently used commands for browsing the Web

You can use the Location bar to enter URLs directly into Firefox

The Navigation toolbar has a search bar that allows users to type a search term that Firefox sends to the user’s choice of search engines and Web directories

Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox) New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition Firefox Navigation Toolbar

Using the Location Bar (Firefox)

Click at end of current text in the Location field, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL

Type the URL of the location that you want to go

Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window

Hyperlink Navigation Using the Mouse (Firefox)

The easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:

Click the hyperlink

After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the Web page’s background

Click Back on the shortcut menu

Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site

You use the bookmark feature to store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so that you can return to them easily

You can create folders to store your bookmarks

You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure

You can save your bookmark file on a disk so you can use your bookmarks at another computer

Creating a Bookmarks Folder:

Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Organize Bookmarks

If the Bookmarks entry in the left pane of the Bookmarks Manager window is not highlighted, click it, and then click the New Folder button

Delete the default text in the Name text box, and then type a new folder name

Click the OK button

Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:

Open the page that you want to bookmark in Firefox

Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Bookmark This Page

Type a descriptive name in the Name box (or leave the default name for the page as is)

Select the folder in which you want to save the bookmark

Click the OK button

Saving a Bookmark File to a Disk:

Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Organize Bookmarks

Click File on the menu bar, and then click Export

Select the drive and folder into which you want to save the bookmark file

Type a name for the bookmark file

Click the Save button

Printing a Web Page (Firefox)

The Print command on the File menu lets you print the current Web frame or page

Scale option is extremely useful for saving paper when printing long Web pages

To preview pages before printing them Select Print Preview from the File menu

Managing Cookies (Firefox)

Click Tools on the menu bar, and then click Options to open the Options dialog box

Click the Privacy icon to display options for managing privacy issues, and then click the Show Cookies button to open the Cookies dialog box

Select a Web site folder, and click the plus sign to the left of the folder You can then click one of the cookies placed on your computer by that Web site and read the information about that cookie. The cookie information is displayed in the bottom half of the dialog box

Select the cookie that you want to delete, and then click the Remove Cookie button

Click the OK button

Getting Help in Firefox New Perspectives on The Internet, Seventh Edition

Using Firefox to Save a Web Page

You can store entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk

You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs

You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Image As

Summary

Web pages and Web sites make up the World Wide Web

Web uses a client/server structure in which Web server computers make Web page files available to Web client computers that are running Web browser software