Judaica Europeana Dov Winer

Judaica Europeana: Semantic Web tools for expressing Jewish contribution to European Cities in Europeana EVA Florence, April 2010 www.judaica-europeana.eu Dov Winer European Association for Jewish Culture Scientific Manager, Judaica Europeana

Europeana ― the vision Europe’s digital libraries, “A digital library that is a single, archives and museums direct and multilingual access point online to the European cultural heritage.” European Parliament, 27 September 2007 • A showcase for Europe’s “A unique resource for Europe's cultural and scientific distributed cultural heritage … heritage ensuring a common access to • A flagship project of the Europe's libraries, archives and museums.” European Commission and Horst Forster, Director, Digital Content & the European Parliament. Cognitive Systems Information Society Directorate, European Commission

Europeana - A vision for 2011 • “A common multilingual access point aggregator, distributor and facilitator that would make it possible to catalyse and search innovate and generate revenue from Europe’s distributed – that is to say, held in different places by different organisations – digital cultural heritage online. “ European Union Communiqué August 2010 European Union Communiqué August 2010 Aggregator Distributor Catalyst Innovator Facilitator Revenue generator Innovator Facilitator

Europeana Group of Projects Biodiversity Heritage Libraries Europe Presto Judaica Europeana Arrow Prime Europeana Local Europeana v.1.0 Musical Inst. European Museums Film Europeana Gateway Online Europeana EuropeanaConnect EUScreen Travel APEnet Athena The European Library

Judaica Europeana documents the Jewish contribution to Europe’s cultural heritage on the theme of cities

Judaica Europeana • Reply to the eContentPlus 2008 call for contributions to EUROPEANA – The European Digital Library • 24 months project - 3 million € with 50% contribution of the European Commission • Contribution of content on the Europeana theme of CITY: cities of the future/past - migration and diasporas - trade and industry - design, shopping and urban cool - the route to urban health - archaeology and architecture - utopias - riot and disorder - palaces and politics • Other themes in the Call: Social life - Music - Crime and Punishment - Travel & tourism

Partners Coordinator Hungarian Jewish Archive

Extending the network The following expressed their interest in joining Judaica Europeana: • National Library of Israel, Jerusalem • Center for Jewish History, New York • Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam • Jewish Museum Berlin • Galicia Jewish Museum, Krakow • London Metropolitan Archive • Aberdeen University Library • Institute for Jewish Policy Research, London Travelling trunk brought by a German refugee family to England in May 1939, Mädler Koffer, c.1930, Germany. The Jewish Museum London

JUDAICA Europeana goals • Document Jewish expression in Europe. Support content holders in identifying content that reflect the Jewish impact on European cities • Digitise and aggregate this content. Synchronize standards, metadata and vocabularies, with Europeana interoperability requirements • Deploy knowledge management tools to support communities of practice index, retrieve and re-use content pertinent to their areas of interest • Support employment of content in scholarship; university teaching; museum curatorship; cultural tourism; plastic arts, music and multimedia; formal and informal education

Jewish contribution to European cities Urbanisation and occupational specialisation has led to the identification of Jews with specific streets, neighbourhoods and other urban phenomena. The J-Street Project by Susan Heller. Compton Verney Trust and the DAAD, Berlin, 2005. A book, installation and video produced with the support of the European Association for Jewish Culture.

Jews in European Cities – kinds of content Known celebrities – full individual expression Jewish expressions in the urban landscape Core of Jewish Life

Jews in European Cities

Jews and the City Prof. Steven Zipperstein points to the anti-urban bias of most of the Jewish historiography and how this began to change at the end of the 20th Century Zipperstein, S. (1987). Jewish Historiography and the Modern City. Jewish History V2 , pp.77-88 “The Jewish Century” by Yuri Slezkine (2004): “Modernization is about everyone becoming urban, mobile, literate, articulate, intellectually intricate, physically fastidious, and occupationally flexible. It is about learning how to cultivate people and symbols, not fields and herds. It is about pursuing wealth for the sake of learning, learning for the sake of wealth, and both wealth and learning for their own sake. It is about transforming peasants and princes into merchants and priests, replacing inherited privilege with acquired prestige, and dismantling social estates for the benefit of individuals, nuclear families, and book-reading tribes (nations). Modernization, in other words, is about everyone becoming Jewish.” (Slezkine, 2004). • Yuri Slezkine, The Jewish Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. For the first chapter see http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7819.html “

Digitise, aggregate, metadata & vocabularies • EUROPEANA will be integral part of the Web of Knowledge • Linked Data – the RDF Web, Web as a database • Building units: URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) in RDF (Resource Description Framework) triplets: Subject, Predicate, Object • Vocabularies as Hubs in the Web of Knowledge: SKOS – Simple Knowledge Organisation System

The Web of Data • “First, the Web will get better and better at helping us to manage, integrate, and analyze data.” • “Today, the Web is quite effective at helping us to publish and discover documents, but the individual information elements within those documents ... cannot be handled directly as data.”

The Web of Data • “Today you can see the data with your browser, but can't get other computer programs to manipulate or analyze it without going through a lot of manual effort yourself.” • “As this problem is solved, we can expect that Web as a whole to look more like a large database or spreadsheet, rather than just a set of linked documents.”

The Web of Data Those data can be published in the Web... ...linked with other data in the Web... ...shared between software applications...

http://linkeddata.org/

The Web of Knowledge • Publish KOS (Knowledge Organisation Systems) as linked data in the Web – Make their concepts and their interconnections part of the Web of data • Why? • How? (SKOS...)

KOS e.g. LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) • Can be viewed as a network of interconnected concepts • Represent LCSH as data in the Web – Make those concepts and their interconnections part of the Web 22 http://purl .org/net/a liman

SKOS Resource Types (Classes) • skos:Concept – E.g. LCSH concept of US Presidents • skos:ConceptScheme – E.g. LCSH itself

SKOS Link Types (Properties) • For labeling concepts – skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel, skos:hiddenLabel • For documenting concepts – skos:note, skos:scopeNote, skos:definition, skos:editorialNote... • For linking concepts – skos:broader, skos:narrower, skos:related

SKOS Simple Knowledge ORGANIZATION SYSTEM thesauri, classifications, subjects, taxonomies, folksonomies,… controlled vocabulary concepts are documented, linked, merged with other data, composed, integrated and published on the Web CONCEPTS identified by URIs using RDF triples :natural language expressions to refer to concepts skos: prefLabel [descriptor] skos: altLabel [synonims, acronyms, abbreviations] SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS …broader and narrower concepts broader/narrower relationships assert that a concept is broader/narrower in meaning related…concepts somehow related SCHEMES compiled sets of concepts: ConceptScheme class and inScheme relationship to link a concept to a scheme hasTopConcept relationship for the entry points of narrower/broader hierarchy LINK schemes map concepts from different schemes using the properties exactMatch, broadMatch, narrowMatch and relatedMatch June 10 dov.winer@gmail.com

SKOS APPLICATIONS I want to send my thesaurus/subject heading/taxonomy from one database/application to another I want to publish my thesaurus/taxonomy… in an “electronic” form, so that it can become part of a distributed information network/environment The Web values quality and openness (e.g. Wikipedia) KOS are high quality resources [both the concepts and the links] KOS are natural hubs…attractors…high gravity…attract links act as firm foundation for a Web of data… Links are paths to discovery (of documents, data,…); they can be exploited in useful and surprising ways (serendipity); well established KOS e.g. LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings, AAT (Art and Architecture Thesaurus) can be hubs in the Web of linked data June 10 dov.winer@gmail.com

Jewish gazetteers

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/search/

The benefits Judaica Europeana will bring • Europeana will expose content providers metadata to search engines, making deep web content accessible. • Europeana will soon be able to provide a set of APIs (application programming interfaces) through which the content of Europeana may be re-used by Europeana partners and integrated for display in their own online platforms. • Knowledge transfer: Europeana works with digital library experts from across Europe and America. They are leading thinkers and practitioners in the fields of metadata standards, multilinguality, semantic web, information architecture, usability, geolocation, object modelling and other topics.

Deploy Knowledge Management Tools

Deploy Knowledge Management Tools • European Science Foundation COST A32 Action Open Scholarly Communities in the Web

Employment of Content • Support employment of content in scholarship; university teaching; museum curatorship; cultural tourism; plastic arts, music and multimedia; formal and informal education • Each partner will: • Organize at least two virtual exhibitions employing the digitised resources • Involve at least two scholars in using Judaica Europeana knowledge management tools • Involve at leas two university level courses in using Judaica Europeana resources for teaching • Engage at least three schools in the Unesco project “Scenes and Sounds of my City”

Thank you for your attention! Contact: Dov Winer Judaica Europeana Scientific Manager EAJC - European Association for Jewish Culture dov.winer@gmail.com

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