Latitude and Longitude How the world is measure and plotted

Learning Objective Latitude and Longitude Coordinates (TEKS (B)(21)(c)(e), (22)(a)(b)(c)(d), (23)(c)(d)) The student is expected to pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps A simplified online version of this presentation can be found here .

Latitude Measurement of distance in degrees north or south of the equator Parallels are the imaginary lines of latitude that run east and west around the globe N parallels EQUATOR 0º 30° N 60° N 90° N 30° S 60° S 90° S

Measurement of distance in degrees north or south of the equator

Parallels are the imaginary lines of latitude that run east and west

around the

globe

Equator Goes around the middle of the earth like a belt Divides the Northern and 0° Latitude Southern Hemispheres EQUATOR 0º 30° N 60° N 90° N 30° S 60° S 90° S

Goes around the middle of the earth like a belt

Divides the

Northern

and 0° Latitude

Southern

Hemispheres

Measuring with latitude Latitude is measured in degrees north and south from the equator. At 90° north latitude is the North Pole and at 90° south latitude is the South Pole. These lines of latitude are numbered every 10° north and south from the equator. As the latitude reading Gets larger, the climate tends to get cooler.

Important lines of latitude The red lines represent the approximate boundaries of the low, middle, and high latitudes at 30 °, 60°, and 90° 66

Longitude Measurement of distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian Meridians are imaginary lines of longitude that run from the North Pole to the South Pole

Measurement of distance

in degrees east or west

of the prime meridian

Meridians are imaginary

lines of longitude that

run from the North Pole

to the South Pole

Prime Meridian Passes through the north and south pole Passes through Greenwich, England 0° longitude Divides the Western and Eastern Hemispheres

Passes through the north and south pole

Passes through

Greenwich, England

0° longitude

Divides the Western

and Eastern

Hemispheres

Measuring with longitude The starting point for longitude is the Prime Meridian. This line is longitude zero (0°). Longitude measures east and west from this line. Longitude is measured in degrees. There are 180° of longitude east and 180° of longitude west.

The starting point for longitude is the Prime Meridian. This line is longitude zero (0°).

Longitude measures

east and west from

this line. Longitude is

measured in degrees.

There are 180° of

longitude east and

180° of longitude west.

Meridians determine time Each 15 ° of longitude determines one hour of time passage, therefore 24 time zones around the world.

Fill in the blank with the help of the word bank Northern Hemisphere, latitude, equator, longitude, absolute location, prime meridian 1. 0° longitude is called the __________. 2. Measurement of distance east or west of the prime meridian is _____________. 3. Measurement of distance north or south of the equator is __________. 4. 0° latitude is called the ___________. 5. Area north of the equator is called the __________. 6. The exact spot where something is located on earth is called ____________.

1. 0° longitude is called the __________.

2. Measurement of distance east or west of the prime meridian is _____________.

3. Measurement of distance north or south of the equator is __________.

4. 0° latitude is called the ___________.

5. Area north of the equator is called the __________.

6. The exact spot where something is located on earth is called ____________.

International Dateline The International Date Line runs down the middle of the time zone on the other side of the world from the prime meridian, and so it corresponds to 180 degrees longitude, east and west. Like the other zones, the time zone of the International Date Line spans fifteen degrees and is one hour different from the adjacent zones.

International Dateline 180° longitude Traveling east across the line, takes the traveler back one day; traveling west, takes the traveler forward one day.

180° longitude

Traveling east across the line, takes the traveler back one day; traveling west, takes the traveler forward one day.

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere all area north of the equator Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere all area south of the equator

Western Hemisphere Area west of the Prime Meridian Measured as Longitude 0-180 ° W. Western Hemisphere

Eastern Hemisphere Area east of the Prime Meridian Measured as Longitude 0-180° E. Eastern Hemisphere

Absolute Location The exact spot where something appears on earth. Seatle, WA Houston, TX Gulf of Mexico

The exact spot where something appears on earth.

Plotting absolute location Your street name and house number furnish your absolute location. Latitude and longitude provide absolute location for a place on the globe. Using the Navstar GPS, satellite, your position can be accurately determined for finding street directions for a map in some cars.

Navstar GPS

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) This system uses a series of 24 satellites called the Navstars to beam information to earth about an object and its location of the earth’s surface.

GPS Navigation

Mercator Projection The property of the Mercator projection map that made it useful to navigators is that it preserves angles. Lines of constant compass heading (called rhumb lines by sailors) are straight lines on this map.

Plotting a course To go from Vancouver, Canada to Honolulu, Hawaii with just a compass, just draw a straight line on the map between starting point and destination, then measure the angle.

Relative Location Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another As an example, the worldatlas.com U.S. office is on Galveston Island, located in southeastern Texas in the Gulf of Mexico, about 48 miles southeast of Houston. That's its relative location.

Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another

Comparing absolute, relative location Which is the most used type of location? Why?" Which is the important factor in the illustrations below ? Downtown Charlotte, N.C . Note the steep rent gradient implied by the height of buildings.

Links http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-120/Chapter01/fg01_14b.jpg http://www.samoanet.com/maps/world%20-%20large.jpg http://www.math.ubc.ca/~israel/m103/mercator/mercator.html http://www.uncc.edu/hscampbe/landuse/b-models/C-bidrent.html http://members.shaw.ca/vict/earth_latlong.jpg http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/imageg.htm

http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-120/Chapter01/fg01_14b.jpg

http://www.samoanet.com/maps/world%20-%20large.jpg

http://www.math.ubc.ca/~israel/m103/mercator/mercator.html

http://www.uncc.edu/hscampbe/landuse/b-models/C-bidrent.html

http://members.shaw.ca/vict/earth_latlong.jpg

http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/imageg.htm