type texf ( narrative , descriptive, procedure, news item, etc) wit exam and exer

ENGLISH TASKS
DICKI OJI MARKETI
XII IPA 2
DICKI OJI MARKETI || XII IPA 2 || ENGLISH TASKS || 12/16/14 1

Narrative text
A. The definition of narrative text
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the
resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode,
the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.
B. The purpose of narrative text
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.
C. Language features of narrative text
 Past tense (killed, drunk,etc)
 Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
 Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
 Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella,
Snow White, Alibaba, etc)
 Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
 Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow
White). The direct speech uses present tense.
D. Generic Structures of Narrative Text
1) Orientation
Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the participants of the
story: who and what is involved in the story.
2) Complication
Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main
participants.
3) Resolution
The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending
4) Re-orientation/Coda
This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It
consists of a moral lesson, advice or teaching from the writer
E. Example of narrative text
Snow white
Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle
because her parents were died.
One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle
because they wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow
White with them.
Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The
next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she
run away into the wood.

In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no
one answered so she went inside and felt asleep
Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they
found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”.
Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may
live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then Snow white ad the seven
dwarfs lived happily ever after.
Golden eggs
Long time ago a remote village, in central China was inhabited mainly with farmers and
hunters. One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock to flood. He prayed hard to God for
help or his family would die of starvation.
Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house took pity on him. He
gave him a goose and said “ I don’t have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose
will help you to ease your hardship.”
A week later to almost surprise the farmer found and egg in his yard. This was no ordinary
egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome with joy.
Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had forgotten his earlier
hardship. He became lazy, arrogant and spendthrift.
Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his
patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of golden eggs inside its
stomach.
Though he very much regretted for his foolishness, it’s already too late.
Exercise
Snow white
1. Snow White ran from house ...
a. At night
b. At midday
c. At midnight
d. In the evening
e. In the morning
2. The third paragraph describes in detail ...
a. Where Snow White’s aunt and uncle had breakfast
b. What Snow White did after hearing her uncle’s plan
c. How Snow White went into the cottage
d. Whom Snow White met in the woods
e. With whom Snow White ran away into the woods
3. The dwarf said, “ If you wish, you may live here with us.” What did the dwarf mean with
the words underlined?
a. He asked Snow White for a permission to stay with her
b. He offered Snow White to stay with them
c. He showed his interest in Snow White
d. He agrred to stay with Snow White
e. He wishes to stay with Snow White

4. What is the type used by the writer?
a. Report
b. Recount
c. Explanation
d. Narrative
Golden eggs
1. What did the story teach us....
a) It taught not to be greedy and contented with what we had
b) It taught us to pray to God for help
c) It taught us foolishness did not pay
d) It taught us not to be lazy or arrogant
e) It taught us not to forget a good deed
2. What is the communicative purpose of the text.....
a) To share an amusing story with other
b) To inform readers about the farmer and the goose
c) To describe how the farmer got rich
d) To persuade the reader to read the story
e) To entertain the reader with an interesting story
3. Which of the statement described his downfall.....
a) He prayed for God’s help or his family would die
b) He did not believe the old man
c) A week later to his utmost surprised he found a golden egg
d) He lost his patient and slaughtered his goose
e) He forgotten his hardship and became lazy and arrogant and spendthrift
4. Which part of the story is orientation......
a) One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock
b) Few days later an old man, with long grey beard, passed by his house took a pity on him
c) A week later to his utmost surprise the farmer found an egg in his yard
d) Long time ago, a remote village, in central China, was inhabited mainly
with farmers and hunters
e) Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months

Recount Text
Definition of Recount Text
texet text recounts are usually recounted an incident that had occurred in the past. Usually
texet recounts drawn from personal experience then written into essays that form the text
itself.
The Purpose of recount text
To retell event or personal experience in the past
Languange Features of recount text
 Proper nouns to identify participants in the text
 First noun pronouns (I, we, etc) to highlight the personal nature of the recount text
 Use of simple past tense to describe past events
 Time adverbials to tell the events chronologically e.g. in 2014, two days ago
 Details and descriptive words (adjectivals and adverbials)to make the story
more interesting
 Personal reflections and descriptions of feelings can be included
Generic structure of recount text
 Orientation (Orientation): Provides an introduction to the events experienced, a
figure that is in the event, where the event occurred, and the time when the
incident / event occurred.
 Events: Contains tangle of events / events in the story experience. This section
usually consists of several Events / Events
 Re-orientation: Contains summary / cover story.
Example
1.
I had a bad experience when I did shopping because of the shop assistant’s fault. However,
the security officer of the shop really embarrassed me of stealing a pair of blue jeans.
That was on Sunday afternoon. I went to a fashion shop with my friends. I chose a pair of
blue jeans to buy and paid for them at the cashier. Unfortunately, the shop assistant was
careless. She forgot to take the censor clip on the blue jeans. So, when I left the shop, the
detector beeped. The security officer shouted at me, “Hey, you…! Stop!!” Then, he took me
to the manager’s room.

After examining, the security officer and the manager realized that it was not my fault.
They said they were very sorry about what had happened. Finally, the manager asked me to
take one piece of clothing for free.
2.
On Saturday morning at 9:30, I was walking down Sunda Street, looking for a record store.
A man stopped me and asked me the way to the Hyatt Hotel. I wasn't sure exactly where it
was, but I walked with him to the end of Sunda Street. He was very friendly, and his face
looked so familiar.
Then I remembered where the Hyatt was and told him how to get there. He thanked me
and tried to give me something. I thought it was money. I said 'no' at first, but he really
wanted me to have it, so I took it.
I found the record store and listened to a few records. D' Masive had a new record that was
number two in the top twenty. I decided to buy it. I looked in my bag for my wallet and found
a piece of paper the man gave me. It was a photo.
I was so surprised! He was a singer in D' Masive!
Exercise
1. What does the text talk about?
A. The writer’s fault at the blue jeans shop.
B. The writer’s bad experience at a fashion shop.
C. The shop assistant’s activity.
D. The security officer’s fault.
2. “She forgot to take the censor clip…”
What does the underlined word refer to?
A. The writer.
B. The shop assistant.
C. The security officer.
D. The manager.
3. Why did the detector beep?
A. The security officer shouted at the writer.
B. The security officer took the writer to the manager’s room.
C. The shop assistant forgot to take the censor clip on the blue jeans.
D. The shop assistant found that the writer stole a pair of blue jeans.
4. ”Hey, you …! Stop!!!”
What does the underline word refer to?
A. The writer.
B. The shop assistant.
C. The security officer.
D. The manager.
1. Why was the writer walking down Sunda Street on saturday morning?
a. to visit the writers grandma’s house
b. to go to hyatt hotel
c. looking for record store
d. to meet D’masive

2. What did a man ask the writer when he stopped him?
a. the way to the writers grandma’s house
b. the way to the record store
c. the way to the writers house
d. the way to the hyatt hotel
3. Did the writer take the gift from the man?
a. yes, he does
b. yes, he did
c. no, he doesn’t
d. no, he didn’t
4. Who is the man met by the writer?
a. the writers grandpa
b. the writers father
c. d’masive
d. the writers friend

Descriptive text
Definiton of descriptive text
Descriptive text is a text that describes what kind of person or an object described, good
shape, properties, and other numbers.
The Purpose of descriptive text
Goal (purpose) of the descriptive text was clear, namely to explain, DESCRIBE or disclose
an individual or an object.
Languange Features of descriptive text
 The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.
 Using the simple present tense.
Generic structure of descriptive text
When writing descriptive text, there are several sets of common / generic structure
(actually not mandatory) that our writing is considered correct. The order is:
1. Identification: contains the identification of matter / a will be described.
2. Description: contains the explanation / description of the thing / person to mention
a few properties.
Example
1.
When I just hang out in a mall one day, I saw a very beautiful bag. I love this bag at the first
sight.
This was the first time I've spent much money on a bag and I don't regret it.
The bag is wonderful. It is made of thin but strong leather. The weight is light and the size
keeps it from getting stuffed with junk. It has a long shoulder strap that I like because it
keeps the bag hands-free. Its neutral color is fun and sporty. The design is simple and well-made.
The bag is very functional. It is the perfect size to carry a cell phone, a pocket sized wallet, a
small book, a pack of gum, and pens. It also fits well into my laptop backpack for bike
commuting to school. This bag also has more pockets inside so my small items don't all fall
to the bottom. In overall I really satisfy with bag.
2.
Peter is the youngest in our family. He is fourteen years old and four years younger than
me. He has long, straight hair, bright eyes and a friendly smile. Sometimes he is rather
naughty at home, but he usually does what he is asked to do.
Peter is interested in sports very much, and at school, he plays football and tennis. He is
the best badminton player in our family.
Exercise
1. Where does the writer usually put her small items?
A. In her pockets.
B. In her laptop backpack.
C. In her pocket size wallet.
D. In the pockets of her leather bag.

2. What makes the small items of the writer not falling down in the bag?
A. The satisfying bag
B. Her laptop backpack
C. A pocket-sized wallet
D. The pockets inside the bag
3. “I've spent much money on a bag and I don't regret it”. The underlined word refers
to …the bag.
A. having
B. seeing
C. buying
D. loving
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The writer has a new bag.
B. The bag is very functional.
C. The bag has many pockets.
D. The writer is satisfied with the bag
1. According to the passage, we know that Peter is ….
a. The writer’s youngest brother
b. The writer’s elder brother
c. A naughty boy
d. A friendly boy
2. “But he usually does what he is asked to do”
The underlined phrase means …
a. He does anything he wants.
b. He always asks.
c. He is lazy.
d. He is diligent.
3. The writer is … years old.
a. Fourteen
b. Sixteen
c. Eighteen
d. Nineteen
4. Which of the following statement is not true about Peter?
a. He has long and straight hair.
b. He has bright eyes.
c. He is not interested in sports.
d. He plays football and tennis.

Report text
Definition of report text
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of
systematic observation and analysis
The Purpose of report text
To presents information about something, as it is.
Language Feature of Report text
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Generic Structure of report text
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public
place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part ,
customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Example
1.
Whales are the largest animals on the earth. Bigger than elephants, they may grow 95 feet
long, and weigh 150 tons. A baby blue whale, just born, can be 23 feet long and weigh 3 tons.
Although whales live in the oceans and swim like fish, they are not fish. They are
mammals, like cows and elephants. Unlike fish they bear young alive, not as eggs. Their
babies live on their mother’s milk. They breathe through their lungs and hold their breath
when they go under water. If they cannot come to the surface to breathe fresh air, they will
drown. They are warm blooded. Fish, however, lay eggs, breathe oxygen in the water, and are
cold-blooded.
Whales life in all-the ocean, in the winter some of them go to warm waters to breed and in
the summer most of them go to cold waters to feed. There are to kinds of whales, whales with
teeth (tooted whales) and whales without teeth (baleen whales). The toothed whales eat fish
and squid, which they can catch with their teeth, although they swallow their food without
chewing it. The baleen whales eat plankton (small sea animals and plants). When they find
plankton, they open their mouth and swallow the plankton.
Whales have few enemies. Only human and killer whale attack whales. And whales do not
seem to fight among themselves. They usually live from 20 to 30 years.
2.
Kangaroo
A Kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Marcopodidae (marcopods, meaning
‘large foot’). In common use the term is used to describe the largest species from this family,
the Red Kangaroo, the Antilopine Kangaroo, and the eastern and Western Grey Kangaroo of
the Macropus genus.
The Kangaroo is an Australia icon: it is featured on the Australian coat of arms, on
some of its currency, and is used by many Australian organizations, including Qantas.
Kangaroo soon became adopted into Standard English where it has come to mean
any member of the family of kangaroos and wallabies. Male kangaroos are called bucks,
boomers, jacks, or old men; famales are does, flyers, or jills, and the young ones are joeys.
The collective noun for kangaroos is a mob, troop, or court. Kangaroos are sometimes
colloquially referred to as roos.

Kangaroos have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, along
muscular tail for balance, and a small head. Like all marsupials, female kangaroos have a
pouch called a marcupium in which joeys complete postnatal development.
Because of its long feet, it cannot walk correctly. To move at slow speeds, it used its
tail to form a tripod with its two forelimbs. It then raises its hind feet forward, in a form of
locomotion called “crawl-walking.”
Exercise
1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
a. Whales are the largest animals on the earth.
b. There are two kinds of whales.
c. Whales are mammals.
d. Whales have few enemies.
e. Fish lay eggs, breathe oxygen in the water
2. Whales occasionally live in warm waters…
a. To get more foods
b. For production
c. For fresh air
d. To avoid winter
e. To feed their babies
3. From the text we may conclude…
a. a whale can eat both squid and plankton
b. tooted whales chew their food before swallowing it
c. the two types of whales live in different waters.
d. Baleen whales swallow the water containing plankton
e. Each type of whale eat specific in of food
4. “They usually live from 20 to 30 years.”
The underline word refer to….
a. human
b. whale
c. kangoroo
d. elephants
e. fish
1. The following are about the kangaroo, EXCEPT…
a. Male kangaroos have puch called marsopium
b. The kangaroo has large, powerful hind legs
c. The kangaroo can not walk correctly
d. The kangaroo is an Australian icon
e. Kangaroo is a marsupial

2. To move at slow speeds, kangaroos…
a. Form a tripod
b. Use its tail
c. Use its pouch
d. Use its hind feet
e. Use its two forelimb
3. The young Kangaroo is…
a. Jill
b. Jack
c. Buck
d. Boomer
e. Joey
4. “Because of its long feet, it cannot walk correctly”
The underline word refer to
a. long feet
b.kangoroo
c. muscular tail
d. marsupials
e. move

Discussion text
Definition of discussion text
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will
be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain
issue.
The purpose of discussion text
to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’
and ‘Against/Cons’)
Language Features of discussion text
 Introducing category or generic participant.
 Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc.
 Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc.
 Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on the hand, however,
etc.
 Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.
 Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc.
 Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc.
Generic structure of discussion text
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Example + exercise
Balancing High School and Part-Time Work
You have to consider a number of factors when deciding whether or not to get a job. The
important thing is to arm yourself with as much information as possible, so you can figure
out what choice makes the most sense for you.
If you are considering working part-time, schedule a meeting with your school counselor to
discuss this move. Talk to your counselor about why you want to work and what type of
position you’re seeking. Simply explaining your goals to someone else can help you make
decisions and figure out your priorities.
Schoolwork, including homework and studying for tests, should always be your top
priority. “The activities and courses students choose vary considerably, so it’s important for
young people to keep their individual situations clearly in mind,” says Brad McGowan,
director of the Career Centre at Newton North High School in Massachusetts. Further,
McGowan cautions students who do decide to work: “If you are rushing through your
assignment or not studying enough for tests because of work, it’s time to cut back or quit and
find a less time-consuming job.” He adds, “Students should always let their employers know
what their time limits are.” If you are being pressured to work more hours than you can
handle, you need to find a new place to work. You also need to make sure that a job won’t
prevent you from getting enough rest.

1. What should a student do first when considering working part time?
a. Schedule a meeting with the employer of the job.
b. Discuss with the school counselor.
c. Schedule a meeting with the school principal.
d. Discuss with your friends.
e. Schedule a meeting and discuss with the class.
2. What does Brad McGowan do?
a. Brad McGowan is a student who takes part time job.
b. Brad McGowan is the director of the Career Centre at Newton North High
School.
c. Brad McGowan is the school counselor of Newton North High School in Massachusetts.
d. Brad McGowan is the employer of some students at Newton North High School.
e. Brad McGowan is the principal at Newton North High School in Massachusetts.
3. What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
a. student
b. individual situation
c. young people
d. to keep to individual situations clearly in mind
e. to keep to individual situations clearly in mind is important.
4. What does Brad McGowan suggest when students don’t have enough time to study?
a. Quit and find a less time-consuming job.
b. Talk to the employer.
c. Discuss with the school counselor.
d. Keep doing both working while studying.
e. Sue the employer for the compensation.
Male chauvinism (men's believe in male superiority) extends even into the area of
automobile driving, it seems. They believe that they are far better drivers than women. Men
consider women drivers incompetent, inattentive and even dangerous behind the wheel.
However, statistics prove that women are, in fact, safer drivers than men. For example,
insurance rates for women are 20 percent than they are for men. Another proof is that more
accidents are caused by male drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 than by any other groups.
Also the greater percentage of accident involving death is caused by men. Although women
are criticized for being too cautious, they are really just being safe drivers.
The reason for women driver's safer habits can perhaps be found in the differing attitudes
of sexes toward automobiles as a convenience, like a washing machine.
On the other hand, men regard the automobile as an extension of their egos. Using it as a
weapon when they feel particularly aggressive or using it as a status symbol.
In all, women are safer drivers because of their attitude. Men can learn to become safe
drivers if they adopt the attitude that an automobile is merely a convenience.

1. The text is about ….
A. Road accidents
B. Women attitude towards automobile
C. Male superiority in automobile driving
D. A comparison between men and women drivers
E. Statistics about the number of road accidents
2. In term of car accidents, the statistics proves that car accidents caused by ….
A. men are higher than those of women
B. men are lower than that of women
C. men are as high as that of women
D. women are equal to that of men
E. women are the same as that of men
3. Which of the following you don’t agree with about men drivers?
A. They are safe and careful drivers.
B. They cause more accidents than women.
C. They consider themselves to be competent drivers.
D. They feel that using a car shows status of symbol.
E. They regard automobiles as an extension of their egos.
4. We can understand from the text that ….
A. men always criticize women for their bad driving attitude
B. women show their egos by aggressive driving
C. the statistic shows women drive the car carelessly
D. young women drivers get many accidents
E. men underestimate women

Explanation text
Definition of explanation text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
The purpose of explanation text
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural
phenomena.
Language Feature of explanation text
 Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
 Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
 Using passive voice pattern
 Using simple present tense
Generic structure of Explanation text
 General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
 Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which expl
Example + Exercise
The following text is for questions 1 to 4
A geyser is the result of underground water under the combined conditions of high
temperatures and increased pressure beneath the surface of the earth. Since temperature
rises approximately 1 F for every sixty feet under the earth's surface, and pressure increases
with depth, the water that seeps down in crack and fissures until it reaches very hot rock in
the earth interior becomes heated to temperature in excess of 290 F. Because of the greater
pressure, the water shoots out of the surface in the form of steam and hot water. The result is
a geyser. In order to function, then a geyser must have a source of heat, reservoir where
water can be stored until the temperature rises to an unstable point, an opening through
which the hot water and steam can escape, and underground channels for resupplying water
after an eruption.
Favorable conditions for geyser exist in some regions of the world including New Zealand,
Iceland, and the Yellowstone National Park area of the United States. The most famous
geyser in the world is Old Faithfull in Yellow Park. Old Faithfull erupts almost every hour,
rising to a height of 125 to 170 feet and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each
eruption.
1. How geyser is produced?
A. By the rise of temperature pressure functioning hot steam.
B. From a huge tension of heated water that coming out from the earth crack.
C. From the heated temperature in earth crack that absorbing water.
D. From the temperature and absorbed water that occurs on earth surface.
E. By the hot water and temperature of hot rock that occurs on earth surface..

2. Steam and hot water shoot out of the surface because of ....
A. hot rock and water
B. temperature and pressure
C. greater pressure
D. high temperature and increased pressure
E. underground temperature and increased pressure
3. Reservoir where the water can be stored will be after eruption and resupplying again .....
A. hot
B. narrow
C. open
D. empty
E. unstable
4. "... and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each eruption." (Paragraph 2)
The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....
A. heating
B. melting
C. wasting
D. supplying
E. discharging
All planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward.
The higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.
The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its surface.
This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to
move rapidly through the air.
Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps
a stream of moving air passing over the wings. If the engines fail, theplanes will begin to
descend very quickly.
The air above the wing moves faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the
wing.
The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher
pressure than the air above the wing.
1. What does the text describe?
a. How the wings of a plane work
b. How the plane move forward
c. How the plane is made
d. The engine of a plane
e. How a plane flies
2. The planes stay up in the air when..
a. A stream of moving air passes over their wings
b. There is air pressure under their wings
c. The wings move forward
d. The engines move faster
e. The engines fail

3. “This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allow it to
move more rapidly through the air”(Paragraph 2) the underlined word can be replaced by..
a. Slowly
b. Quickly
c. Smoothly
d. Gradualy
e. Immediately
4. What is the use of air pressure under the plane’s wings?
a. To go down
b. To keep moving
c. To squash the wings
d. To stay up in the air
e. To reduce their weights

Analytical exposition
Definition o analytical exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.
Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.
The purpose of analytical exposition
To reveal the readers that something is the important case
Language feature of analytical exposition
 Using relational process
 Using internal conjunction
 Using causal conjunction
 Using Simple Present Tense
Generic structure of analytical exposition
 Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
 Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position
 Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position more
 Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position
Example + Exercise
Integrated Pest Management
There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used
may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most
effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in
the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and
stronger ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This
affects the ecology and environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be
chosen and applied carefully so that they don't affect the ecological balance and
environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in
agriculture and livestock.
1. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?
A. Plants
B. Ecology
C. Animals.
D. Environment.
E. Human Beings

2. What can you say about paragraph two and four?
A. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
B. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
C. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.
D. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.
E. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals mentioned in
paragraph four.
3. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …
A. killing fish and bees.
B. increasing crops productivity.
C. creating balanced ecosystem.
D. causing the pests to become inactive
E. helping reduce pollutants in the environment.
4. Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (paragraph 3)
The word resistant in the sentence above means …
A. weak
B. fragile
C. damage
D. unaffected
E. unbalanced
Cars Should Be Banned In The City
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of
road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a
deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of
these illness are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit
pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or
concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
1. What type of the text above?
a. Narrative.
b. Report.
c. Analytical.
d. Explanation.
e. Description.
2. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?
a. HIV / AIDS
b. BRONCHITIS
c. LIVER
d. IMPOTENT
e. CHOLERA

3. What tense is mostly used in the text?
a. Past tense
b. Simple present tense
c. Simple perfect tense
d. Present continuous tense
e. Past continuous tense
4. We usually call the last paragraph as………
a. Resolution
b. Reiteration
c. Conclusion
d. Recommendation
e. Twist

Hortatory exposition
Definition of Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the
addressee do something or act in certain way.
The Purpose of hortatory exposition
to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done
Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Example + Exercise
Keeping dogs
There are many reasons for keeping dogs as pets in the city area, but many people feel that
keeping pet dogs should not be allowed in the city. Dogs are often not taken care properly.
They are kept in small backyards and rarely taken for walks. They are left in the yard all day
by themselves while the family is at work. Very little attention is given to the dog and it is not
a very good life for it. It is no wonder why these dogs bark and disturb the neighbours and
become a nuisance to the community.
On the other hand, not all people treat their dogs this way and why should the people receive
a lot of pleasure and enjoyment from dog's suffer? Dogs can make a lonely person's life
happy or make wonderful playmate. It can also teach a child responsibility as they not only
get to lay with the dog, but also need to exercise, feed, and care for the dog.
I feel that we should be allowed to keep dogs in the city, because if it is taken care of
properly, dogs can be a great source of pleasure. As a child I used to enjoy playing and taking
care of my pet. There is not greater loyalty a person can get than from a well-cared dog.

1. Some people do not like the presence of pet dogs in their surroundings because ....
A. the dogs are left in the yards
B. the dogs are often neglected
C. the dogs often bark and disturb the neighbours
D. the dogs play with the owner's child
E. the dogs guard the security of the environment
2. The main idea of the last paragraph is ....
A. pet dogs are loyal animals
B. pet dogs are more loyal than humans
C. dogs can be a great source of pleasure
D. the writer has no objection to keeping dogs in the city
E. the writer used to play and took care of his pet when he was a child
3. We can infer from the text that keeping pet dogs in the city will not cause any problem as
long as ....
A. the dogs are amusing
B. the neighbours like having pet dogs
C. the dogs do not bark at the neighbours
D. the writer has succeeded in persuading the neighbours
E. its presence does not disturb the neighbourhood
Faster planes and cheaper flights
Faster planes and cheaper flights are making it easier than ever before for people to travel.
In the most 'developed' societies, visiting exotic places is a sought-after status symbol. The
tourism industries of both developed and developing countries have recognised this fact and
are learning to take advantage of it.
There are, however, some problems associated with this new industry.Firstly, there is the
increasing crime rate. Some local's tourists as an easy prey because, not only are they in
unfamiliar territory and therefore less able to take care of themselves, but also they carry
visible items of wealth, such as cameras and jewelery which can be disposed of quickly for
profit.
Another major problem is health. With greater mobility comes greater danger of spreading
contagious diseases around the world. One carrier returning home could easily start an
epidemic before their illness was diagnosed. Moreover, the emergence of many diseases
which resist antibiotics is causing scientists to be increasingly concerned about this issue.
Also to be considered is the natural environment, which can be seriously threatened by too
many visitors. Australia's Great Barrier Reef, for example, is in danger of being destroyed by
tourists and there are plans to restrict visitors to some of the more delicate coral cays.
These are just three of the reasons why any country should be wary of committing itself to
an extensive tourism development program.

1. Why does the natural environment become one of the serious problem associated with the
faster planes ail cheaper flight? Because ....
A. it easily started an epidemic before their illness was diagnosed
B. it can be destroyed by too many visitors
C. the health problem will increase
D. they carry visible items of wealth
E. it can increase crime rate
2. Why is the crime rate increasing due to the new industry?
A. Some tourists carry visible items of wealth.
B. The tourists are spreading contagious diseases.
C. The government is planning to restrict visitors to some coral cays.
D. The new industry makes the number of unemployment increase.
E. The tourists come by plane.
3. "One carrier returning home could easily start an epidemic before their illness
was diagnosed." (Paragraph 3) The underlined word means ....
A. found
B. observed
C. identified
D. examined
E. healed

News item
Definition of News Item
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are
considered newsworthy or important.
The purpose of news item
to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important
Dominant Generic Structure:
Language Feature of News Item
1. Focusing on circumstances
2. Using material process
Generic Structure of News Item
1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
Example + Exercise
Indonesia wins 2-0, but falls short of qualifying
Rizal Harahap
THE JAKARTA POST/PEKANBARU
Indonesia put in an impressive performance in their 2-0 defeat of Singapore, but still failed
to qualify for next year's AFC U-22 soccer championship after finishing a third place at the
end of Group E matches in Pekanbaru, Riau on Sunday.
The two goals for the home side, which welcomed Coach Aji Santoso back the sidelines
from a four matches suspension, both came in the second half from Agung Supriyanto.
He scored his first goal from the penalty box before finding his second several minutes
later. He beat a defender with a swift maneuver from the right flank and had the goalkeeper
gasping as his thunderous goal blasted into the far post.
The young Indonesians collected 9 points, or just one point behind runner-up Australia,
out of a six strong field of competitors. Japan topped the standing with a perfect collection
20-2 goal margin.
Singapore came in fourth with 7 points followed by Timor Leste with 3 points and Macau
with no points.
In earlier matches in the day, favorite Japan continued their dominant form with a 5-0
drubbing of another tournament favorite Australia, while Timor Leste chalked up their first
victory, a 4-1 over last-placed Macau.
1. Why did Indonesia fail to qualify for next year's AAFC U-22?
A. They defeated Singapore.
B. They got disqualified.
C. They finished in the third place.
D. They did not have the chance.
E. They showed impressive performance.

2. How did Agung Supriyanto get his second goal?
A. He let the goalkeeper keep the ball.
B. He beat a goalkeeper with a maneuver.
C. He welcomed Coach Aji Santoso back.
D. He kicked the ball from the penalty box.
E. He beat a defender with a swift maneuver.
3. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 ?
A. Indonesia failed to qualify next year's AFC U-22 despite their winning over
Singapore.
B. Indonesia and Singapore participated in the AFC U-22 in Pekanbaru, Riau.
C. Indonesia's impressive performance has trounced Singapore by 2-0.
D. Indonesia did not perform well but could defeat Singapore by 2-0.
E. Indonesia could defeat Singapore by 2-0.
An Alliance Could Answer The Growing Threat from
Google and Facebook
By Evelyn M.RuIsi and Nick Bilton
Apple, which has stumbled in its efforts to get into social media, has talked with Twitter in
recent months about making a strategic investment in it, according to people briefed on the
matter.
Although apple has been hugely successful in selling phones and tablets, it has little
traction in social networking, which has become a major engine of activity on the Web and
on mobile devices. Social media are increasingly influencing the ways people spend their
time and money — important consideration for Apple, which also sells application, games,
music and movies.
Apple has considered an investment in the hundreds of millions of dollars, one that could
value Twitter at more than $10 billion, up from an $8.4 billion valuation last year, these
people said. They declined to be identified because the discussions were private.
There is no guarantee that the two companies, which are not in negotiations at the
moment, will come to an agreement. But the earlier talks are a sign that they may form a
stronger partnership amid intensifying competition from companies like Google and
Facebook.
Apple has not made many friends in social media. Its relationship with Facebook, for
example, has been strained since a deal to build Facebook featured into Ping, Apple's music-centric
social network, fell apart. Facebook is also aligned with Microsoft, which owns a
small stake in it. And Google, an Apple rival in the phone market, has been pushing its own
social network, Google Plus.
1. What is the news about?
A. Social networking.
B. Apple's new products.
C. Twitter strategic investment.
D. Twitters success in social media.
E. Apple's plan to cooperate with Twitter.

2. According to the news, Apple has not been very successful in ....
A. selling phones
B. strategic investment
C. cooperating with Twitter
D. getting into social media
E. selling game applications
3. "But the earlier talks are sign that they may form a stronger partnership".
The underlined word means ....
A. collusion
B. competition
C. agreement
D. negotiation
E. collaboration

Review text
Definition of review text
Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musical
composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event
or performance, such as a live music concert, a play, musical theatre show or dance show.
The Purpose of Review Text
Review text is used to critic the events or art works for the reader or listener, such as
movies, shows, book, and others.
Language feature
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
Generic Structure of Review Text
 Orientation : Background information of the text.
 Evaluations : Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation. It can
consist ot more than one.
 Interpretative Recount : Summary of an art works including character and plot.
 Evaluative Summation : The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of
the art works being criticized.
Example + Exercise
It was the dawn of science and technology. Anything seemed possible –even the creation of
life itself. Victor Frankenstein becomes obsessed with this idea and works relentlessly to
prove his theories; but the glory he imagined becomes a living nightmare –not only for him,
but for his friends and family too.
Mary Shelley’s gothic horror story- Frankenstein-was first published in 1818 and has been
the inspiration behind numerous stage productions and films – many of which strayed a long
way away from her original masterpiece. Classical Comics presenting a full-colour graphic
novel remains true to this classic tale, bringing the original story to life which has never been
created before.
This graphic novel is available in two versions: Original Text and Quick Text editions. The
Original Text stays faithful to Shelley’s original text, while the Quick Text brings the story up
to date by presenting the text into a more simplified style so that the tale is accessible to all
readers.
The Quick Text edition will allow you to soak up a general feeling for the characters and
locations, while the Original Text version will help you easily slip into the language in which
the novel was written.
Even if you’re not studying the original, this graphic novel is worth buying. It’s a great
story, and should be one that everyone has the chance to read. Now, thanks to this release,
even those who don’t particularly like to read too much are given the chance to find this tale
and hopefully it may encourage them to search out the original book too.

As with previous Classical Comics, the presentation is first class. The best grade glossy
paper really helps to set this graphic novel head and shoulders above the usual comic book
releases on the market. Not only that, you also get a pretty comprehensive biography of
Shelley; Mary Shelley’s Family Tree; a feature that explains what life was like in the year of
the book’s release; and a brief look on how Frankenstein has been adapted to many different
formats over the years.
1. The text is about ….
A. the quick text and original text of Frankenstein story
B. the simplified text of the up dated horror story
C. the horror story written by Frankenstein
D. the original text of the author’s novel
E. the updated of classical horror story
2. The simple way to understand the story is to read ….
A. the original text
B. classic comics
C. the quick text
D. the original book
E. the author’s biography
3. The main idea of the third paragraph is ….
A. Victor Frankenstein wrote his story with gothic horror style
B. there are two versions of the graphic novel to enjoy
C. recognize the different life of Frankenstein story
D. have the inspiration to put the story to a film and drama products
E. remind the life of Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein
4. The original text of Frankenstein graphic story makes the readers ….
A. understand the style of writing in its era
B. curious about the historical background of story
C. recognize the different life of Frankenstein story
D. have the inspiration to put the story to a film and drama products
E. remind the life of Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein
Harry Potter and Philosopher’s Stones
Judged by this first volume, the Harry Potter books are a fine addition to English children’s
fantasy literature. Harry Potter, orphaned when his parents are killed by the evil wizard
Voldemort, is taken in by his aunt and uncle, who are Muggles – ordinary, non-magical
people. Harry is rather out of place there, but things improve greatly for him when goes to
the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry – except that one of the staff is in league
with Voldemort.
Part of the attention of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone comes from the familiar
but at the same time exotic setting of an English public school, complete with houses and
schoolboy adventures, in which Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione struggle to save the
world and win the house cup.

So Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone will be a great Christmas present for kids who
haven’t read it yet – and it is a book that adults (at least those without stunted imaginations)
can read as well.
1. The story of Harry Potter began when ....
A. he became an orphan
B. his uncle and aunt adopted him
C. Voldemort was killed
D. his parents killed Voldemort
E. his uncle and aunt killed Voldemort
2. When Harry Potter lived with his uncle and aunt, ....
A. he felt uncomfortable
B. he befriended Voldemort
C. things improved in his life
D. he had fantasy about magic
E. he became ordinary people
3. We can conclude from the first paragraph that ....
A. Harry Potter’s parents were muggle
B. Harry Potter lived in a magical place
C. Harry Potter is a relative of Voldemort
D. Harry Potter’s parents adopted him as an orphan
E. Harry Potter enjoyed his life with his uncle and aunt

Procedure text
Definition Of Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a
sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a
sequence of steps
The purpose of prodcedure text
To help readers how to do or make something completely
Language Features of procedure text
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
Generic structure of procedure text
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Example + Exercise
Making Candles
Making coloured and scented candles is really quick and simple. What's more, you'll save
so much money. If making candles is easy, why do you ever buy one from a shop? What you
need in making candles are wax, moulds, wick, dye discs, essential oils, and a double boiler.
All these materials are available from craft shops. Or if you do not want to buy them, you can
improvise with an old saucepan, Pyrex jug, or even a sturdy can, in a pot of water. After
providing the materials, follow this procedure or instruction in making candles!
First of all, melt the wax. All wax has a flash point, so to prevent it from bursting into
flames; you must melt it in a double boiler, with water at the bottom of the pan.
Then, prepare the mould with the wick. Thread the wick through the mould and make sure
that you leave a good few centimeters sticking out of the hole in the bottom.
After that, add the scent. If you want a scented candle, add a few drops of essential oil to
the melted wax. You can use any essential oil you like, as long as it doesn't contain water.
Next step, pour the wax into the mould. Try and tip the wax into the mould quickly, all in
one go, to minimize spillage and air bubbles.
Then, release the bubbles and top it up. Releasing the air bubbles will eventually make the
candle sink, so you will need to top it up with more melted wax.
Finally, remove it from the mould. After four or five hours, the candle can be taken out of
its mould.
Your candle is now ready for display. Remember, you must always leave it for a day before
lighting it.

1. What does paragraph one tell us about?
A. The steps in making candles.
B. The materials we need in making candles.
C. The goal of the text in making candles.
D. The way to make candles.
2. What should you do after melting the wax?
A. Pour the melting wax into the mould.
B. Remove the melting wax from the mould.
C. Prepare the mould with the wick.
D. Release the bubbles and top it up.
3. Where can you buy the materials for making candles?
A. At the handicraft shop.
B. At the super market.
C. At the stall.
D. At the craft shop.
4. “…, so to prevent it from bursting into flames you …”
The word “bursting” means …
A. exploding
B. melting
C. satisfying
D. becoming
A quick and easy cheese cake recipe
Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes
Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust
Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs.
Stir in chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup
mini semi sweet chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

1. How many persons is the cake for?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2
2. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .
A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips
3. The text is called a/an . . . . .
A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof
4. how long it takes to cook the chocolate cheese cake…
A. 30 minute
B. 35 minute
C. 40 minute
D. 45 minute
E. 50 minute

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