Heart & Mind Pptx

Andreea Dicu, Raquel Gonzalez Martin, François-Xavier Jeanne, Carmen Neghina, Algirdas Sabaliauskas Heart & Mind in Conflict : The interplay of affect and cognition in consumer decision making Baba Shiv & Alexander Fedorikhin

Andreea Dicu, Raquel Gonzalez Martin, François-Xavier Jeanne, Carmen Neghina, Algirdas Sabaliauskas Theoretical framework Affective-Cognitive Model Methodology Results Conclusion and implications Heart and Mind in Conflict

Theoretical Framework

Heart and mind in conflict 4   Purpose of the article: to examine the influence of affect and cognition in consumer decision making   The model proposes that on exposure to alternatives in a choice task, two types of processes might take place:   Affective process: automatic   Cognitive process: controlled and deliberate   Tested in a binary choice task in a context in which one alternative (chocolate cake) elicits more intense positive affect, but predominantly negative consequences.

Theoretical framework 5 How does the model build on previous research? Interaction between Affect and Cognition Berkowitz (1993) Proposes three types of processes that can occur on exposure to a stimulus event: 1.  Lower-order affective reactions 2.  Higher-order cognitive processes 3.  Higher-order affective processes

Theoretical framework 6 How does the model build on previous research? Interaction between Affect and Cognition Berkowitz (1993) Proposes three types of processes Contribution of the model that can occur on exposure to a stimulus event: Different from other empirical work that focuses on higher-order, more controlled 1.  Lower-order affective affective reactions reactions Luce (1998), Garbarino and Edell (1997) 2.  Higher-order cognitive Focus on positive rather than negative affect processes responses, in an attempt to prove the generalizability of Berkowitz’s findings 3.  Higher-order affective processes

Theoretical framework 7 How does the model build on previous research? Interaction between Affect and Cognition Berkowitz (1993) Epstein (1993) Leventhal (1984, 1993) Proposes three types of Cognitive-Experiential Self- Affective reactions can processes that can occur on Theory (CEST) arise from two routes: exposure to a stimulus event: Two conceptual systems that 1.  “Innate route”: primitive 1.  Lower-order affective tend to operate in parallel: or partially formed reactions 1.  Experiential system: affective reactions 2.  Higher-order cognitive affective in nature 2.  “Memory route”: processes 2.  Rational system: schematic and 3.  Higher-order affective cognitive in nature conceptual processing processes

Theoretical framework 8 How does the model build on previous research? Interaction between Affect and Cognition Berkowitz (1993) Epstein (1993) Leventhal (1984, 1993) Proposes three types of Cognitive-Experiential Self- Affective reactions can processes that can occur on Theory (CEST) arise from two routes: exposure to a stimulus event: Two conceptual systems that 1.  “Innate route”: primitive 1.  Lower-order affective tend to operate in parallel: or partially formed reactions 1.  Experiential system: affective reactions 2.  Higher-order cognitive affective in nature 2.  “Memory route”: processes 2.  Rational system: schematic and 3.  Higher-order affective cognitive in nature conceptual processing processes

Theoretical framework 9 How does the model build on previous research? Interaction between Affect and Cognition Berkowitz (1993) LeDoux (1987, 1995, 1996) Proposes three types of On exposure to an external processes that can occur on stimuli, one of the three events exposure to a stimulus event: can occur: 1.  Lower-order affective 1.  “Low-road” processes: limbic reactions system 2.  Higher-order cognitive 2.  “High-road” cognitive processes processes: cortical system 3.  Higher-order affective 3.  “High-road” affective processes reaction

Affective-Cognitive Model

Affective-Cognitive Model 11 Valence Affective Affective processes reactions Intensity Stimulus Favorable Cognitive Consequences Unfavorable processes Stimulus based Memory based

Affective-Cognitive Model 12 Accept Valence Affective Affective Reject processes reactions Constrained processing resources Intensity Stimulus Available processing resources Favorable Cognitive Consequences Unfavorable processes Stimulus based Memory based

Affective-Cognitive Model 13 Valence Affective Affective processes reactions Constrained processing resources Intensity Stimulus Available processing resources Favorable Cognitive Consequences Unfavorable processes Stimulus based Memory based

Affective-Cognitive Model 14 Valence Affective Affective processes reactions Constrained processing resources Intensity Stimulus Available processing resources Favorable Cognitive Consequences Unfavorable processes Stimulus based Memory based

Moderating effects 15 The model proposes that the effect of processing resources will be qualified by at least two factors:   The mode of presentation: real versus symbolic   Consumer personality: degree of impulsivity Real mode of presentation | Impulsive Choice of affective-laden alternative when processing resources are constrained Symbolic mode of presentation | Prudent

Moderating effects 16 The mode of presentation: real versus symbolic   The intensity of the affective reactions is likely to be higher when the presentation of the affect-laden alternative is real, rather than when the presentation is symbolic   Potential cause: real presentation enhances the vividness and makes it easier to sense the gratification arising from consuming the alternative (Loewenstein, 1996) H1: The effect of restricted processing resources on the choice of an affect-laden alternative will be moderated by the presentation mode, with the effect being greater when the presentation mode is real than when it is symbolic.

Moderating effects 17 Consumer personality: degree of impulsivity   Effect of processing resources will be influenced by a personality variable related to consumer impulsivity [based on the work of Logan (1997), Puri (1996), Rook and Fisher (1995)]   Prudent versus impulsive consumers   Difference: the accessibility of cognitions related to impulse behavior (Puri, 1996) H2: The effect of restricted processing resources on the choice of affect-laden alternatives will be moderated by consumer impulsivity, the effect being greater with increased levels of consumer impulsivity.

Methodology

Experiments 19 Independent variables Dependent Processing variable Resources Choice of the Experiment 1 Hypothesis 1 two snacks Presentation Mode

Experiment 1 20 Sample 136 students High Processing Low Processing Resources Resources Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation Mode: Real Mode: Symbolic Mode: Real Mode: Symbolic

Experiment 1 21 Sample 136 students 2 digit number 7 digit number Real snacks Picture of snacks Real snacks Picture of snacks Control variables:   4 control groups   Able to see snack carts, but not the actual snacks   Exiting individually   Identical instructions   Price stickers   Pretest for the symbolic mode (38)

Measures 22 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of about snacks snack 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision basis

Measures 23 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number Comparison with the tickets: 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of about snacks snack Perfect match 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision basis

Measures 24 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number 2 independent judges 92% interjudge agreement 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of Expectations: about snacks snack a higher number of thoughts for the high- processing resource group 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision basis

Measures 25 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number Five 7-point items 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of Adapted – previous lit. about snacks snack Cronbach’s alpha: 0.91 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols My final decision was driven by: 3. Decision basis 1.  My thoughts / my feelings 2.  My willpower / my desire 3.  My prudent self / my imprudent self 4.  The rational / the emotional side of me 5.  My head / my heart

Measures 26 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number Cronbach’s alpha: 0.97 cake 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of 0.95 fruit salad about snacks snack Two variables: Affect cake Affect fruit 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision Are these apt descriptions of the two snacks: basis 1.  I could sense a desire to grab it. 2.  I felt a strong, irresistible urge to take it. 3.  I felt an impulse to take it. 4.  The emotional side of me was aroused when I saw it.

Measures 27 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number Cronbach’s alpha: 0.88 cake 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of 0.84 fruit salad about snacks snack Two variables: Cog cake Cog fruit 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision Cognitions about consuming each snack: basis 1.  Harmful / beneficial 2.  Not good for health / good for health 3.  A foolish choice / a wise choice 4.  Useless / useful

Measures 28 0. Recall 6. Covariates previous number Gender 5. Cognitions 1. Choice of Health consciousness about snacks snack Cake / fruit fanatics 4. Presentation 2. Thought mode factor protocols 3. Decision basis

Results 29 Influence of processing resources & presentation mode on manipulation-check and stimulus-related measures Low processing resources High processing resources Real Symbolic Real Symbolic presentation presentation presentation presentation Total thoughts 2.30 2.35 3.54 3.28 Affect cake 4.28 3.47 4.15 3.36 Affect fruit 3.32 3.29 3.11 3.12 Cog cake 3.06 3.34 3.24 3.26 Cog fruit 6.12 5.88 5.94 5.91 Between - subject ANCOVA - independent variables: - processing resources - presentation mode

Results 30 Influence of processing resources & presentation mode on manipulation-check and stimulus-related measures Low processing resources High processing resources Real Symbolic Real Symbolic presentation presentation presentation presentation Total thoughts 2.30 2.35 3.54 3.28 Affect cake 4.28 3.47 4.15 3.36 Affect fruit 3.32 3.29 3.11 3.12 Cog cake 3.06 3.34 3.24 3.26 Cog fruit 6.12 5.88 5.94 5.91

Choice Measurement 35 Choice of cake Availability of processing resources

Decision Basis Measurement 36 Availability of processing resources

Experiments 37 Independent variables Dependent Processing variable Resources Choice of the Experiment 2 Hypothesis 2 two snacks Impulsivity

Experiment 2 38 Sample 69 students Real presentation mode High Processing Low processing Resources resources Impulsive Not Impulsive Impulsive Not Impulsive

Experiment 2 39   Difference from Experiment 1:   Questions on impulsivity   Impulsive, careless, easily tempered   Cronbach‘s alpha: 0.77   Test-retest procedure to ensure reliability   Same sample – 4 weeks apart   Correlation: 0.79   Similar results for processing resources manipulations

Results 40 Choice of cake Availability of processing resources

Experiment 2 41 Availability of processing resources

Conclusions and Implications

Findings 43 •  Constrained Affect Processes resources •  Available Cognition •  Real Affect Presentation mode •  Symbolic Cognition Impulsivity •  High Affect •  Low Cognition

Managerial Implications 44   Reduce the availability of processing resources   Distracting music or displays   Reduce checkout time   Presentation Mode Real   Internet and cyber-shopping involve symbolic presentation modes   Mental imaginary: Consumers imagine themselves using the product

Future Research 45 Consumer view of impulsivity Consumer postdecision processes Examine situations where respondents make delayed choices Assess the reliability of the variable Decision Basis Psychological and biological approaches to understanding affect Different products Same products and different brands

Reflexions 46 Structure Conceptual of the model article Just impulsivity Implementation No differences between women and No men explanation Experiment in of the controlled measures environment

Heart & Mind Pptx

by Andreea Dicu

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by Andreea Dicu

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