This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses: 1) Independent clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence, while subordinate clauses cannot due to missing a subject and verb relationship and depend on an independent clause for meaning. 2) Adjective clauses modify nouns and begin with relative pronouns like "who", while adverb clauses modify verbs and begin with subordinating conjunctions like "because". 3) Noun clauses function as nouns and are introduced by words like "how", "if", and "that".