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Social Tagging and
Folksonomies

1
What are tags?
 Keywords

or terms associated with or
assigned to a piece of information

 They

enable keyword-based classification
and search of information

2
Basic Model for Tagging
Systems
USER

RESOURCES

TAGS
OPAL Conference, August 2008

3
OPAL Conference, August 2008

4
OPAL Conference, August 2008

5
OPAL Conference, August 2008

6
OPAL Conference, August 2008

7
Don’t confuse tags with keywords
or full-text searching






Keywords are behind the scenes, tags are often
visibly aggregated for use and browsing
Keywords can not be hyper-linked
Keywords imply searching, tags imply linking
It’s more about connecting items rather than
categorizing them.

OPAL Conference, August 2008

8
Tags can be…
 Descriptions

of the subject matter
 Where the item is located
 The intended use of the item
 Individual
 Different people have different tagging
patterns
 Tagging systems encourage differences
OPAL Conference, August 2008

9
Tags are
 Non-hierarchical
A

way to create links between items by the
creation of sets of objects
 A means of connecting with others interested
in the same things

OPAL Conference, August 2008

10
Tagging Systems Define
 Who

can tag
 What can be tagged
 What kinds of tags can be used
 Tagging

systems may result in the creation of
a “folksonomy”

OPAL Conference, August 2008

11
Types of Tagging Systems
 Managing

personal information
 Social bookmarking
 Collecting and sharing digital objects
 Improving the e-commerce experience

OPAL Conference, August 2008

12
Why is tagging so popular?
 It

is easy and enjoyable
 It has a low cognitive cost
 It is quick to do
 It provides self and social feedback
immediately

OPAL Conference, August 2008

13
What is a folksonomy?


Folksonomy refers to an “emergent, grassroots
taxonomy”
An aggregate collections of tags
 A bottom-up categorical structure development
 An emergent thesaurus
According to Wikipedia: A folksonomy is the practice and
method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to
annotate and categorize content. In contrast to traditional
subject indexing, metadata is generated not only by
experts but also by creators and consumers of the
content. Usually, freely chosen keywords are used
instead of a controlled vocabulary


OPAL Conference, August 2008

14
What makes folksonomies
popular?
 Their

dynamic nature works well with
dynamic resources
 They’re personal
 They lower barriers to cooperation

OPAL Conference, August 2008

15
Strengths of folksonomies
 Cost-effective

way to organize Internet.
 Social benefits.
 It’s inclusive.
 For many environments, they work well.

OPAL Conference, August 2008

16
Weaknesses of folksonomies









They do not yield the level of clarity that controlled
vocabularies do.
Term ambiguity – words with multiple meanings
No synonym control.
Singular and plural forms create redundant headings
No guidelines for the use of compound headings,
punctuation, word order
No scope notes and no cross references

How does wrong information impact retrieval
 Conflicting cultural norms
 Sometimes authority counts


OPAL Conference, August 2008

17

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Ca 8 social tagging and folksonomie

  • 2. What are tags?  Keywords or terms associated with or assigned to a piece of information  They enable keyword-based classification and search of information 2
  • 3. Basic Model for Tagging Systems USER RESOURCES TAGS OPAL Conference, August 2008 3
  • 8. Don’t confuse tags with keywords or full-text searching     Keywords are behind the scenes, tags are often visibly aggregated for use and browsing Keywords can not be hyper-linked Keywords imply searching, tags imply linking It’s more about connecting items rather than categorizing them. OPAL Conference, August 2008 8
  • 9. Tags can be…  Descriptions of the subject matter  Where the item is located  The intended use of the item  Individual  Different people have different tagging patterns  Tagging systems encourage differences OPAL Conference, August 2008 9
  • 10. Tags are  Non-hierarchical A way to create links between items by the creation of sets of objects  A means of connecting with others interested in the same things OPAL Conference, August 2008 10
  • 11. Tagging Systems Define  Who can tag  What can be tagged  What kinds of tags can be used  Tagging systems may result in the creation of a “folksonomy” OPAL Conference, August 2008 11
  • 12. Types of Tagging Systems  Managing personal information  Social bookmarking  Collecting and sharing digital objects  Improving the e-commerce experience OPAL Conference, August 2008 12
  • 13. Why is tagging so popular?  It is easy and enjoyable  It has a low cognitive cost  It is quick to do  It provides self and social feedback immediately OPAL Conference, August 2008 13
  • 14. What is a folksonomy?  Folksonomy refers to an “emergent, grassroots taxonomy” An aggregate collections of tags  A bottom-up categorical structure development  An emergent thesaurus According to Wikipedia: A folksonomy is the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. In contrast to traditional subject indexing, metadata is generated not only by experts but also by creators and consumers of the content. Usually, freely chosen keywords are used instead of a controlled vocabulary  OPAL Conference, August 2008 14
  • 15. What makes folksonomies popular?  Their dynamic nature works well with dynamic resources  They’re personal  They lower barriers to cooperation OPAL Conference, August 2008 15
  • 16. Strengths of folksonomies  Cost-effective way to organize Internet.  Social benefits.  It’s inclusive.  For many environments, they work well. OPAL Conference, August 2008 16
  • 17. Weaknesses of folksonomies       They do not yield the level of clarity that controlled vocabularies do. Term ambiguity – words with multiple meanings No synonym control. Singular and plural forms create redundant headings No guidelines for the use of compound headings, punctuation, word order No scope notes and no cross references How does wrong information impact retrieval  Conflicting cultural norms  Sometimes authority counts  OPAL Conference, August 2008 17