The Gurteen Knowledge Cafe David Gurteen Gurteen Knowledge Facilitating Learning Conversations 22 nd May 2007

Begin with the end in mind 12:00 -- 12:15 Introductions (15 mins) 12:15 -- 13:00 Business is a Conversation (45 mins) 13:00 -- 13:45 Knowledge Café Process (45 mins) 13:45 -- 14:15 Coffee (30 mins) 14:15 -- 15:30 Knowledge Café (75mins) 15:30 -- 16:00 Discussion & Wrap-up (30 mins)

12:00 -- 12:15 Introductions (15 mins)

12:15 -- 13:00 Business is a Conversation (45 mins)

13:00 -- 13:45 Knowledge Café Process (45 mins)

13:45 -- 14:15 Coffee (30 mins)

14:15 -- 15:30 Knowledge Café (75mins)

15:30 -- 16:00 Discussion & Wrap-up (30 mins)

Introductions

David Gurteen Independent Knowledge consultant, educator & coach Knowledge Website Knowledge Community/Letter 14,000 people 150 countries Knowledge Cafés London, New York, Adelaide, Zurich

Independent Knowledge consultant, educator & coach

Knowledge Website

Knowledge Community/Letter

14,000 people

150 countries

Knowledge Cafés

London, New York, Adelaide, Zurich

Speed Networking A simple technique that can be used in a variety of settings to bring a group of people together to start to get to know each other or get to know each other a little better

A simple technique that can be used in a variety of settings to bring a group of people together

to start to get to know each other

or get to know each other a little better

How do you Speed Network? Break into pairs Find someone you don’t know Two minutes to chat then move on to another person Tell your partner something unusual about yourself When I blow my whistle once - move on When I blow my whistle twice - its all over!

Break into pairs

Find someone you don’t know

Two minutes to chat then move on to another person

Tell your partner something unusual about yourself

When I blow my whistle once - move on

When I blow my whistle twice - its all over!

Business is a Conversation

Business is a conversation Business is a conversation because the defining work of business is conversation - literally. And 'knowledge workers' are simply those people whose job consists of having interesting conversations. David Weinberger The Cluetrain Manifesto Conversation is central to all that we do Its our job!

Conversation is central to all that we do

Its our job!

Conversation is a meeting of minds Conversation is a meeting of minds with different memories and habits. When minds meet, they don't just exchange facts: they transform them, reshape them, draw different implications from them, engage in new trains of thought. Conversation doesn't just reshuffle the cards: it creates new cards. Theodore Zeldin Conversation Theodore in an Oxford Historian Conversation is creative

Theodore in an Oxford Historian

Conversation is creative

KM is about understanding For all our knowledge, we have no idea what we're talking about. We don't understand what's going on in our business, our market, and our world. KM shouldn’t be about helping us to know more. It should be about helping us to understand. So, how do we understand things? It's through stories that we understand how the world works. David Weinberger, The Cluetrain Manifesto Its about understanding & sense making Through conversation & storytelling

Its about understanding & sense making

Through conversation & storytelling

Conversation “A mechanistic and unproductive exchange between people seeking to defend their own views against one another” “A frank exchange of ideas or views on a specific issue in an effort to attain mutual understanding” Debate or dialogue?

Dialogue When we engage each other in dialogue we enter into a conversation with a view to learn from each other rather than impose our views on the other. The kind of conversation I’m interested in is one in which you start with a willingness to emerge a slightly different person. Theodore Zeldin, Historian

When we engage each other in dialogue

we enter into a conversation with a view to learn from each other

rather than impose our views on the other.

Principles of Dialogue Suspend assumptions, do not judge Observe & listen to one another Welcome differences & explore them Allow taboo subjects to be raised safely Listen to your inner voice Slow the discussion Search for the underlying meaning Dialogue is based on the work of the physicist David Bohm

Suspend assumptions, do not judge

Observe & listen to one another

Welcome differences & explore them

Allow taboo subjects to be raised safely

Listen to your inner voice

Slow the discussion

Search for the underlying meaning

Dialogue Suppose we were able to share meanings freely without a compulsive urge to impose our view or conform to those of others and without distortion and self-deception. Would this not constitute a real revolution in culture. David Bohm, Physicist

Summary Business is a conversation Conversation is creative Understanding is more important than knowing more Dialogue is the key to quality conversations

Business is a conversation

Conversation is creative

Understanding is more important than knowing more

Dialogue is the key to quality conversations

The Knowledge Café Process

Background to Knowledge Cafe Background: conversation & dialogue My dislike of ‘chalk & talk’ presentations My desire for people to engage with the subject and to learn through conversation Three concepts: We already have the knowledge A good question helps surface that knowledge When we see things for ourselves we are more committed to act!

Background: conversation & dialogue

My dislike of ‘chalk & talk’ presentations

My desire for people to engage with the subject and to learn through conversation

Three concepts:

We already have the knowledge

A good question helps surface that knowledge

When we see things for ourselves we are more committed to act!

What is a Knowledge Café? A knowledge café is a means of bringing a group of people together to have an open, creative conversation on a topic of mutual interest to surface their collective knowledge, to share ideas and to gain a deeper understanding of the subject and the issues involved.

A knowledge café is a means of bringing a group of people together to have an open, creative conversation on a topic of mutual interest to surface their collective knowledge, to share ideas and to gain a deeper understanding of the subject and the issues involved.

What are the objectives of a K-Caf é ? To gain mutual understanding of a complex issue To gain a deeper understanding of other people’s perspectives To gain a deeper understanding of one’s own views and thinking process To flush out issues which need airing & exploring To help build a consensus around an issue or topic

To gain mutual understanding of a complex issue

To gain a deeper understanding of other people’s perspectives

To gain a deeper understanding of one’s own views and thinking process

To flush out issues which need airing & exploring

To help build a consensus around an issue or topic

Where is it used? I use it in public forums and within companies to explore complex issues The Royal Society for the Arts uses a form of Knowledge Cafe in conjunction with Starbucks in the UK to discuss social issues relevant to the societies aims I have also used it in the NHS to explore how people might better communicate and work together

I use it in public forums and within companies to explore complex issues

The Royal Society for the Arts uses a form of Knowledge Cafe in conjunction with Starbucks in the UK to discuss social issues relevant to the societies aims

I have also used it in the NHS to explore how people might better communicate and work together

When would a K-Café be run? To surface and share knowledge To surface problems & opportunities Get networking going Gain new perspectives Gain new ideas To help form a team or community To gain insight into a complex problem To better understand an issue To get buy-in for a new project

To surface and share knowledge

To surface problems & opportunities

Get networking going

Gain new perspectives

Gain new ideas

To help form a team or community

To gain insight into a complex problem

To better understand an issue

To get buy-in for a new project

ISN Knowledge Cafe Particular mention must be made to the concept of the "knowledge cafe". As pioneered by David and taught to my staff, it has led to a dramatic improvement in terms of inter-team dialog, collaboration and knowledge sharing. Many internal work processes are now being overhauled for the better as a result of these knowledge cafes and we have seen an explosion of new ideas and initiatives on the part of staff at all levels of the organization. Simply put, the knowledge cafe format has empowered all our staff to speak up and take the initiative in ensuring the successful development of the ISN. Chris Pallaris, Chief Editor ISN, Zurich

What is the history? The term knowledge-café has been around for the last 7 years or so Only in the last 2 or 3 years has it come into more common use Has its roots in work of David Bohm, William Isaacs, Juanita Brown Also has roots in OST (Open Space Technology) which goes back to 1989

The term knowledge-café has been around for the last 7 years or so

Only in the last 2 or 3 years has it come into more common use

Has its roots in work of David Bohm, William Isaacs, Juanita Brown

Also has roots in OST (Open Space Technology) which goes back to 1989

How is it different from OST? It is quite different The OST process is more complex OST is used for purposes other than gaining mutual understanding e.g. problem solving and defining agendas OST meetings tend to be larger - often 100s of people compared to dozens for K-Cafés OST meetings tend to last longer - often days rather than hours

It is quite different

The OST process is more complex

OST is used for purposes other than gaining mutual understanding e.g. problem solving and defining agendas

OST meetings tend to be larger - often 100s of people compared to dozens for K-Cafés

OST meetings tend to last longer - often days rather than hours

Is it a talking-shop? No its NOT a talking-shop. A talking shop is normally used pejoratively and implies no useful outcome other than the airing of ones own ideas A K-Caf é is different in that everyone leaves enriched by a deeper level of understanding of the subject in question and is often inspired to act

No its NOT a talking-shop. A talking shop is normally used pejoratively and implies no useful outcome other than the airing of ones own ideas

A K-Caf é is different in that everyone leaves enriched by a deeper level of understanding of the subject in question and is often inspired to act

Why is the K-Caf é important? The world is a more complex place than it used to be - at times even chaotic - it is not always clear what is going on - we need to take time to UNDERSTAND We do not find the time these days to have open conversations, we are under pressure to make quick decisions KM for example should not be about creating and sharing ever increasing knowledge but understanding more fully the knowledge that we do have!

The world is a more complex place than it used to be - at times even chaotic - it is not always clear what is going on - we need to take time to UNDERSTAND

We do not find the time these days to have open conversations, we are under pressure to make quick decisions

KM for example should not be about creating and sharing ever increasing knowledge but understanding more fully the knowledge that we do have!

What does a K-Café do for the individual? The K-Caf é operates on the assumption that people really have within themselves a greater level of insight than they are often conscious of. The K-Caf é can tease this out. You hear yourself say things in k-café conversations that you did not know that you knew A k-café kind of crystallises your knowledge New ideas are sparked Fresh perspectives emerge ... With increased observation and reflection comes understanding – this paves the way for change

The K-Caf é operates on the assumption that people really have within themselves a greater level of insight than they are often conscious of. The K-Caf é can tease this out.

You hear yourself say things in k-café conversations that you did not know that you knew

A k-café kind of crystallises your knowledge

New ideas are sparked

Fresh perspectives emerge ...

With increased observation and reflection comes understanding – this paves the way for change

What does a K-Café do for the individual? Some people just have problems expressing themselves Sometimes you just don’t know what you think until you have said it! Learning how to hear and to understand yourself The K-Café is a little like an anti-inhibitor and thus stimulates discussion

Some people just have problems expressing themselves

Sometimes you just don’t know what you think until you have said it!

Learning how to hear and to understand yourself

The K-Café is a little like an anti-inhibitor and thus stimulates discussion

What resources are needed to run a K-Caf é? Not a lot to run to a simple format A group of people A facilitator or host A room with plenty of space Tables & chairs - ideally round tables to seat about five people but you can run one in a lecture theatre if need be!

Not a lot to run to a simple format

A group of people

A facilitator or host

A room with plenty of space

Tables & chairs - ideally round tables to seat about five people

but you can run one in a lecture theatre if need be!

What do you need in the room? Some K-Café formats have special requirements such as round tables, paper table cloths, felt tip pens, flowers on the table and coffee & biscuits Gurteen K-Cafés need none of these props but of course you could use them if available Refreshments do help – especially wine! The aim is to create the right ambience An unthreatening and hospitable environment Everyone must feel safe to freely express themselves without any recriminations

Some K-Café formats have special requirements such as round tables, paper table cloths, felt tip pens, flowers on the table and coffee & biscuits

Gurteen K-Cafés need none of these props but of course you could use them if available

Refreshments do help – especially wine!

The aim is to create the right ambience

An unthreatening and hospitable environment

Everyone must feel safe to freely express themselves without any recriminations

How do you run one? K-Cafés can be run in a number of different ways. Some formats are simple others are more complex I use a simple format and it’s the one I am going to describe Runs for 90 minutes to a couple/few hours Work best with between 20 and 30 people Run with as few as a dozen or as many as 100 people

K-Cafés can be run in a number of different ways.

Some formats are simple others are more complex

I use a simple format and it’s the one I am going to describe

Runs for 90 minutes to a couple/few hours

Work best with between 20 and 30 people

Run with as few as a dozen or as many as 100 people

What's the process? Facilitator takes less than 10 mins to introduce the K-Caf é and the subject under discussion. Purpose of the K-Caf é is made clear Facilitator poses 1 or 2 key open ended questions. Participants from into smaller groups of 4 or 5 to discuss the subject for 45 minutes. The group re-assembles for an exchange of ideas as a whole for 45 minutes

Facilitator takes less than 10 mins to introduce the K-Caf é and the subject under discussion.

Purpose of the K-Caf é is made clear

Facilitator poses 1 or 2 key open ended questions.

Participants from into smaller groups of 4 or 5 to discuss the subject for 45 minutes.

The group re-assembles for an exchange of ideas as a whole for 45 minutes

What subjects are covered? Any subject can be addressed Explore questions that matter to those who are participating in the K-Caf é Remember the K-Caf é is not a debating forum A K-Caf é would normally explore only one theme A K-Café is NOT about decision making.

Any subject can be addressed

Explore questions that matter to those who are participating in the K-Caf é

Remember the K-Caf é is not a debating forum

A K-Caf é would normally explore only one theme

A K-Café is NOT about decision making.

What is the Role of the Facilitator? Facilitator need not be a specialist. Nor disciplined in facilitation Simply a good listener and chairperson skills Facilitator should not take a lead in the discussions. Should wander around and listen into the groups Should listen out for problems and remind people gently of the rules of ‘dialogue’

Facilitator need not be a specialist.

Nor disciplined in facilitation

Simply a good listener and chairperson skills

Facilitator should not take a lead in the discussions.

Should wander around and listen into the groups

Should listen out for problems and remind people gently of the rules of ‘dialogue’

What’s the role of the individual? In the words of Theodore Zeldin : to be prepared to emerge a slightly different person To see people with different views not as adversaries but as resources from which we can learn To enter into open conversation To listen more than speak To welcome differences To withhold judgment To avoid position taking To avoid being too politically correct

In the words of Theodore Zeldin : to be prepared to emerge a slightly different person

To see people with different views not as adversaries but as resources from which we can learn

To enter into open conversation

To listen more than speak

To welcome differences

To withhold judgment

To avoid position taking

To avoid being too politically correct

How do things work within the small groups? Don’t appoint a leader or chairperson Everyone should be equal and fully engaged in the conversation Don’t appoint a note taker either Anyone can make their own notes if they want to People share their perspectives with the group if they want to

Don’t appoint a leader or chairperson

Everyone should be equal and fully engaged in the conversation

Don’t appoint a note taker either

Anyone can make their own notes if they want to

People share their perspectives with the group if they want to

How does the large group sit? If possible bring everyone back into a relatively tight horse-shoe shape group so that every one can easily see each other as well as hear each other A ‘circle’ works wonderfully Does not take long to arrange chairs Only use microphones if absolutely necessary as they inhibit the natural flow of the conversation Will be needed if > 40 people May then need to fall-back on traditional report mode as conversation is difficult

If possible bring everyone back into a relatively tight horse-shoe shape group so that every one can easily see each other as well as hear each other

A ‘circle’ works wonderfully

Does not take long to arrange chairs

Only use microphones if absolutely necessary as they inhibit the natural flow of the conversation

Will be needed if > 40 people

May then need to fall-back on traditional report mode as conversation is difficult

How does the whole group work? Individuals asked to remember that their comments are for the whole group and not for the facilitator. They are not reporting back to the facilitator! The objective is to hold a ‘group conversation’ Ask people to stand if need be The facilitator needs to work at encouraging this Plays a low key role – not the expert Turn away Hide!

Individuals asked to remember that their comments are for the whole group and not for the facilitator.

They are not reporting back to the facilitator!

The objective is to hold a ‘group conversation’

Ask people to stand if need be

The facilitator needs to work at encouraging this

Plays a low key role – not the expert

Turn away

Hide!

How does the facilitator work with the whole group? The group should be doing the work with minimal intervention from the facilitator Facilitator needs to encourage participation Facilitator needs to ensure that no one person or group dominates the discussion Connects diverse perspectives Facilitator needs to keep to time

The group should be doing the work with minimal intervention from the facilitator

Facilitator needs to encourage participation

Facilitator needs to ensure that no one person or group dominates the discussion

Connects diverse perspectives

Facilitator needs to keep to time

How do you record the outcomes of a K-Café? If you record things you should avoid disrupting or influencing the conversation in anyway You could make audio or video recordings but I would advise against it Participants should not be burdened with recording as they need to be fully engaged in the conversation Best to appoint an external person to take notes

If you record things you should avoid disrupting or influencing the conversation in anyway

You could make audio or video recordings but I would advise against it

Participants should not be burdened with recording as they need to be fully engaged in the conversation

Best to appoint an external person to take notes

What are the outcomes of a K-Caf é Real outcome is what you take away in your head New connections with people A deeper understanding of the issue discussed A deeper understanding and insight into other people’s perspectives A better appreciation of your own point of view and how it is seen by others A better knowledge of what you know and don’t know and what others know and don’t know In a better position to make more informed decisions

Real outcome is what you take away in your head

New connections with people

A deeper understanding of the issue discussed

A deeper understanding and insight into other people’s perspectives

A better appreciation of your own point of view and how it is seen by others

A better knowledge of what you know and don’t know and what others know and don’t know

In a better position to make more informed decisions

What other formats are there? Flipcharts/flowers/table cloths/pens etc Paper and pens at tables But can get in the way Need additional cost/budget If have that luxury then OK Groups move around Takes longer People don’t always like it OK if you can afford the time Be creative As long as it does not get in the way of the conversation

Flipcharts/flowers/table cloths/pens etc

Paper and pens at tables

But can get in the way

Need additional cost/budget

If have that luxury then OK

Groups move around

Takes longer

People don’t always like it

OK if you can afford the time

Be creative

As long as it does not get in the way of the conversation

Where can I learn more about K-Cafés? There are a lot of resources on the web My website contains a vast amount of material www.gurteen.com The World Café Book The World Café: Shaping our futures through conversations that matter Website : theworldcafe.com The Society for Philosophical Inquiry philosopher.org

There are a lot of resources on the web

My website contains a vast amount of material

www.gurteen.com

The World Café

Book The World Café: Shaping our futures through conversations that matter

Website : theworldcafe.com

The Society for Philosophical Inquiry

philosopher.org

Questions?

Lets run a Knowledge Cafe

The Challenge of Knowledge Sharing What prevents us from sharing our knowledge more effectively? How might we overcome these barriers?

Knowledge Sharing Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something, or getting something from them. That is only valid for information sharing. Sharing knowledge occurs when people are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action; it is about creating learning processes. Peter Senge

Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something, or getting something from them. That is only valid for information sharing.

Sharing knowledge occurs when people are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action; it is about creating learning processes.

Personal Reasons for Sharing To help other people & to help ourselves Other people To get things done To build relationships so they in turn help us Ourselves To get things done Learning to be gained Knowledge is perishable Someone else will make our knowledge productive first

To help other people & to help ourselves

Other people

To get things done

To build relationships so they in turn help us

Ourselves

To get things done

Learning to be gained

Knowledge is perishable

Someone else will make our knowledge productive first

Barriers to Knowledge Sharing A silo mentality Knowledge is power Lack of knowledge sharing processes No time allowed No knowledge sharing by executives Managers do not walk the talk Poor IT systems Lack of encouragement Bureaucracy Resistance to change by managers Karl-Eric Sveiby

A silo mentality

Knowledge is power

Lack of knowledge sharing processes

No time allowed

No knowledge sharing by executives

Managers do not walk the talk

Poor IT systems

Lack of encouragement

Bureaucracy

Resistance to change by managers

The Challenge of Knowledge Sharing What prevents us from sharing our knowledge more effectively? How might we overcome these barriers?

Discussion

www.gurteen.com David Gurteen Gurteen Knowledge Tel: +44 1252 812 878 Email: david.gurteen@gurteen.com