Gurteen Knowledge Cafe Masterclass, Melbourne, October 2008

Gurteen Knowledge Café Workshop Melbourne October 2008

The birth of the Gurteen Knowledge Cafe London, September 2002

Begin with the end in mind
Raise awareness of the role of conversation in your business lives
To teach you about Knowledge Cafes and how to run them
Encourage you to create more opportunities in your organization for creative conversation

Agenda
10:00 – 10:15 Introductions (15 mins)
10:15 – 10:45 Business is a Conversation (30 mins)
10:45 – 11:15 Knowledge Café Process (30 mins)
11:15 – 12:30 Run a Knowledge Cafe (75 mins)
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch (60 mins)
13:30 – 14:00 Tips & techniques (30 mins)
14:00 – 14:30 Applications of the Café (30 mins)
14:30 – 15:00 Review of workshop (30 mins)

Introductions

David Gurteen
Independent KM consultant and facilitator
Knowledge Website
Knowledge Community/Letter
15,000 people
154 countries
Knowledge Café Communities
London, New York, Adelaide, Zurich

My Style

Martin Buber
I have to tell it again and again: I have no doctrine. I only point out something. I point out reality, I point out something in reality which has not or too little been seen. I take him who listens to me at his hand and lead him to the window. I push open the window and point outside. I have no doctrine, I carry on a dialogue .

Business is a Conversation

Business is a conversation Business is a conversation because the defining work of business is conversation - literally. And 'knowledge workers' are simply those people whose job consists of having interesting conversations. David Weinberger The Cluetrain Manifesto
Conversation is central to all that we do
Its our job!

Conversation is a meeting of minds Conversation is a meeting of minds with different memories and habits. When minds meet, they don't just exchange facts: they transform them, reshape them, draw different implications from them, engage in new trains of thought. Conversation doesn't just reshuffle the cards: it creates new cards. Theodore Zeldin Conversation
Theodore in an Oxford Historian
Conversation is creative

KM is about understanding For all our knowledge, we have no idea what we're talking about. We don't understand what's going on in our business, our market, and our world. KM shouldn’t be about helping us to know more. It should be about helping us to understand. So, how do we understand things? It's through stories that we understand how the world works. David Weinberger, The Cluetrain Manifesto
Its about understanding & sense making
Through conversation & storytelling

Conversation “A mechanistic and unproductive exchange between people seeking to defend their own views against one another” “A frank exchange of ideas or views on a specific issue in an effort to attain mutual understanding” Debate or dialogue?

Dialogue
When we engage each other in dialogue
we enter into a conversation with a view to learn from each other
rather than impose our views on the other.
The kind of conversation I’m interested in is one in which you start with a willingness to emerge a slightly different person. Theodore Zeldin, Historian

Principles of Dialogue
Suspend assumptions, do not judge
Observe & listen to one another
Welcome differences & explore them
Allow taboo subjects to be raised safely
Listen to your inner voice
Slow the discussion
Search for the underlying meaning
Dialogue is based on the work of the physicist David Bohm

Dialogue Suppose we were able to share meanings freely without a compulsive urge to impose our view or conform to those of others and without distortion and self-deception. Would this not constitute a real revolution in culture. David Bohm, Physicist

Summary
Business is a conversation
Conversation is creative
Understanding is more important than knowing more
Dialogue is the key to quality conversations

Conversation/Questions

Gurteen Knowledge Café Process

Background
Coffee Machine talks
Chairing conferences
My dislike of ‘chalk & talk’ presentations (chicken chicken)
My desire for people to engage with the subject and to learn through conversation

What is a Knowledge Café?
A knowledge café brings a group of people together to have an open, creative conversation on a topic of mutual interest to surface their collective knowledge, to share ideas and to gain a deeper understanding of the issues involved.
Ultimately leading to action in the form of better decision making and innovation and thus tangible business outcomes.

What are the outcomes?
Real outcomes are what you take away in your head
A deeper understanding of the issue discussed
A deeper insight into other people’s perspectives
A better appreciation of your own point of view
Better position to make more informed decisions and to take action!

What is the history?
The term Knowledge Café has been around for the last 7 years or so
Only in the last 2 or 3 years has the term come into common use
Roots in work of David Bohm, William Isaacs, Juanita Brown
Roots in Open Space Technology which goes back to 1989

Is it a talking-shop?
No its NOT a talking-shop. A talking shop is normally used pejoratively and implies no useful outcome other than the airing of ones own ideas
A Knowledge Caf é is different in that everyone leaves enriched by a deeper level of understanding of the subject in question and is often inspired to act

Why is the Knowledge Caf é important?
The world is a more complex place than it used to be - at times even chaotic - it is not always clear what is going on - we need to take time to UNDERSTAND
We do not find the time to have open conversations, we are under pressure to make quick decisions
KM for example should not be about creating and sharing ever increasing knowledge but understanding more fully the knowledge that we do have!

What does a Knowledge Café do for the individual?
The Caf é assumes we have within ourselves a greater level of insight than we are conscious of
The Caf é helps tease this out
You hear yourself say things in Café conversations that you did not know that you knew
It crystallises our knowledge
New ideas are sparked
Fresh perspectives emerge ...
With increased observation and reflection comes understanding – this paves the way for change

What resources are needed to run a Knowledge Caf é?
Not a lot!
A group of people
A facilitator or host
A room with plenty of space
Tables & chairs to seat about five people per table

What do you need in the room?
Some formats have special requirements such as round tables, paper table cloths, felt tip pens, flowers on the table and coffee & biscuits
Gurteen Knowledge Cafés need none of these props but of course you could use them if available
Refreshments help
Aim is to create a good ambience
Unthreatening and hospitable environment

How do you run one?
Knowledge Cafés can be run in different ways
I use a simple format
Runs for 90 minutes to a couple of hours
Work best with between 25 and 35 people
Can run a dozen people or as many as 100
But with some modifications

What's the process?
Facilitator takes 5 - 15 minutes to introduce the Knowledge Caf é and the theme
Purpose of the Knowledge Caf é is made clear
Facilitator poses an open ended question
Participants form into small groups of 4 or 5 to discuss the subject for 30 - 60 minutes.
Change tables 1,2 or 3 times
The group re-assembles for an exchange of ideas as a whole for 15 - 30 minutes

What subjects are covered?
Any subject can be addressed
Explore questions that matter to the participants
Normally explore only one theme
And pose only one question

What’s the role of the facilitator?
Facilitator need not be a specialist
Nor disciplined in facilitation
Simply a good listener and chairperson skills
Facilitator should not take a lead in the discussions
Should wander around and listen into the groups
Should listen out for problems and remind people gently of the rules of ‘dialogue’

What’s the role of the individual?
Theodore Zeldin : to be prepared to emerge a slightly different person
To see people with different views not as adversaries but as resources from which we can learn
To enter into open conversation
To listen more than speak
To welcome differences
To withhold judgment
To avoid position taking
To avoid being too politically correct

How do things work within the small groups?
Don’t appoint a leader or chairperson
Everyone should be equal and fully engaged in the conversation
Don’t appoint a note taker either
Anyone can make their own notes if they want to
People share their perspectives with the group only if they wish to

How does the large group sit?
Bring everyone back into a relatively tight group so that every one can easily see and hear each other
Only use microphones if absolutely necessary as they inhibit the natural flow of the conversation

How does the whole group work?
Individuals asked to remember that their comments are for the whole group and not for the facilitator.
The objective is to hold a ‘group conversation’
The facilitator needs to work at encouraging this
Plays a low key role – not the expert
Turn away, even hide!

How does the facilitator work with the whole group?
The group should be doing the work with minimal intervention from the facilitator
Facilitator needs to encourage participation
Facilitator needs to ensure that no one person or group dominates the discussion
Connects diverse perspectives

How do you record the outcomes of a Knowledge Café?
The Café is fundamentally about the transfer of TACIT knowledge – not about making tacit knowledge explicit but
If you record things you should avoid disrupting or influencing the conversation in anyway
You could make audio or video recordings but I would advise against it
Participants should not be burdened with recording as they need to be fully engaged in the conversation
Best to appoint an external person to take notes

Lets run a Knowledge Cafe

Knowledge Sharing
Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something, or getting something from them. That is only valid for information sharing.
Sharing knowledge occurs when people are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action; it is about creating learning processes.
Peter Senge

Personal Reasons for Sharing
To help other people & to help ourselves
Other people
To get things done
To build relationships so they in turn help us
Ourselves
To get things done
Learning to be gained
Knowledge is perishable
Someone else will make our knowledge productive first

Barriers to Knowledge Sharing
A silo mentality
Knowledge is power
Lack of knowledge sharing processes
No time allowed
No knowledge sharing by executives
Managers do not walk the talk
Poor IT systems
Lack of encouragement
Bureaucracy
Resistance to change by managers
Karl-Eric Sveiby

The Challenge of Knowledge Sharing What prevents us from sharing our knowledge more effectively? How might we overcome these barriers?

Café Conversation How important is the ability to engage in open conversation?

Chicken chicken

Tips and techniques

The theme
Topic that everyone feels passionate about
Complex issues
Only ONE question
Open ended question

The conversation
The question is only a seed
OK to go off topic
Conversation as close to a conversation at the pub or over dinner

The speaker/facilitator
Speaker and facilitator need not be the same
Facilitator: involved/not involved
Speakers can be controlling or dominant
Often run over time
Need to brief and handle carefully

The facilitator
Important to be yourself
Do not control
Experiment a little
Take some risks
Don’t be afraid of silence
If you let people talk and leave them alone you cannot go far wrong

The venue
Need not be a room
Boat on Thames
Canal Boat (long boat in Amsterdam)
Knowledge Walk/BBQ (Greenwich)
Pub (Stavanger)
Outside under sunshades (Scottsdale)
An actual café (London & Barcelona)

The room
Important
Small, cosy
Small round tables
Good acoustics
Paper/toys on tables
Lecture theatre?

The tables

Holding in a lecture theatre
Difficult but not impossible
Problem of moving between groups
Problem of whole group conversation
reporting back
Need for microphones

Using microphones
Avoid if possible
Will need them if group larger than 40
Maybe less if poor acoustics
People hold on to them
Kills the flow of conversation
One for yourself and at least 2 roving mikes
Avoid fixed mikes (Jakarta)

Knowledge circles
Greenwich Story
KM World
Jakarta Workshop
Not as difficult as it seems

Small group
Ask people to sit with others they do not know
Change groups once, twice at most 3 times
People do not like changing groups
Don’t force them!
Kuala Lumpur story

Whole group
Where you need facilitation skills
People will report back out of habit
Or ask you questions
In some cultures best to let them
Even for some groups let them
Central bank librarians story
Unless in expert mode do not join in too much
Tolerate silence – pause and wait

Culture
I have run the Cafes in many different countries
UK, Spain, Norway, Moscow
USA
Singapore
Hong Kong
Kuala Lumpur
Thailand
Australia
UAE

Cultural issues
Jakarta
Open Café
Workshop
Kuala Lumpur
Won’t change tables
Won’t go for coffee
Bangkok
Flee, video
Dubai
Report back
Scottsdale
Intense group
Hong Kong
Iranians

Language issues
Ideally one common language
Let people speak in their own language in small groups
Can’t listen in!
Common language (English) in whole group
Even own language in whole group
Use of translators
Serial or concurrent

Listening in
If expert mode then join in
If facilitation mode then try not to
Wander around and actively listen
Observe for issues
Watch, think, be prepared to adapt

Wrap up
No need to summarise at length
Keep it short and simple
Thank people

Applications of the Café

ISN Knowledge Café The knowledge café has led to a dramatic improvement in terms of inter-team dialog, collaboration and knowledge sharing. Many internal work processes are now being overhauled for the better as a result of these knowledge cafes and we have seen an explosion of new ideas and initiatives on the part of staff at all levels of the organization. Simply put, the knowledge cafe format has empowered all our staff to speak up and take the initiative in ensuring the successful development of the ISN. Chris Pallaris, Chief Editor ISN, Zurich

Café for a UK government body
Day long workshop
3 presentations on social tools
A knowledge Café
Future leaders in the group
Future leaders determine an action plan

Canal Boat Café
On canals in Amsterdam
At end of week of workshops & visits
To help summarise the week
And develop plan for action

Trinidad & Tobago Oil and Gas
Expert talks

StatoilHydro
Series of Cafes to bring experts who were leaving together with younger members of organization to transfer knowledge
In a café on an allotment
Geophysicists
Discussion of preferred technologies
Exchange views on experiences
Management Training
But not called a Knowledge Cafe

Where can I learn more about Knowledge Cafés?
There are a lot of resources on the web
My website contains a vast amount of material
www.gurteen.com
The World Café
Book The World Café: Shaping our futures through conversations that matter
Website : theworldcafe.com
The Society for Philosophical Inquiry
philosopher.org

Summary
Business is a conversation
Dialogue not debate
Knowledge Café: simple process
But a lot to learn to run them well
Powerful learning & creativity tool
Can be adapted to varying situations
Low cost to run

Thank you!

www.gurteen.com David Gurteen Gurteen Knowledge Tel: +44 1252 812 878 Email: david.gurteen@gurteen.com

Licence
You may use these slides under the following Creative Commons Licence
Attribution-Share Alike 2.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/

Gurteen Knowledge Cafe Masterclass, Melbourne, October 2008

by David Gurteen on Oct 16, 2008

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