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The	
  italian	
  case	
  of	
  Beppe	
  Grillo	
  and	
  Movimento	
  Cinque	
  Stelle	
  	
  
Rosanna	
  De	
  Rosa,	
  University	
  of	
  Naples	
  Federico	
  II	
  (rderosa@unina.it)	
  	
  
Cedem	
  2013	
  Krems	
  
Rosanna De Rosa: Voice of the People or Cybercratic Centralism? The italian case of Beppe Grillo and Movimento Cinque Stelle – Five Stars Movement
Grillo,	
  Person	
  of	
  the	
  
Year,	
  2004	
  
Time	
  Magazine	
  	
  
21	
  may	
  2012,	
  after	
  
local	
  election	
  
A	
  grassroots	
  request	
  for	
  change	
  the	
  
legislation	
  consisting	
  of	
  three	
  points:	
  
•  no	
  to	
  anyone	
  involved	
  in	
  criminal	
  
lawsuits	
  standing	
  for	
  parliament,	
  	
  
•  no	
  to	
  re-­‐election	
  after	
  two	
  
mandates	
  
•  yes	
  to	
  direct	
  election	
  of	
  candidates	
  	
  
«we	
  are	
  tired	
  of	
  feel	
  ashamed	
  for	
  you»	
  
2008	
  local	
  election:	
  	
  
	
  
30	
  local	
  administration	
  
7	
  borough	
  officials	
  elected	
  
	
  
The	
  Meetup	
  platform	
  is	
  used	
  as	
  a	
  meta-­‐organization	
  platform	
  	
  
for	
  5SM	
  groups	
  and	
  activities	
  (Lanfrey	
  2012)	
  
One	
  star	
  for	
  each	
  of	
  the	
  cardinal	
  
points	
  the	
  Movement	
  upholds:	
  
	
  
•  environment	
  	
  
•  water	
  	
  
•  development	
  	
  
•  connectivity	
  	
  
•  transport	
  	
  
Most	
  of	
  them	
  were	
  born	
  in	
  the	
  South	
  
of	
  Italy	
  but	
  live	
  in	
  the	
  North-­‐East.	
  	
  
The	
  vast	
  majority	
  of	
  them	
  are	
  white-­‐
collar	
  workers	
  or	
  self-­‐employed	
  
professionals	
  in	
  private	
  firms,	
  with	
  a	
  
smaller	
  group	
  of	
  university	
  students.	
  	
  
There	
  are	
  no	
  unemployed	
  members	
  or	
  
people	
  working	
  on	
  short-­‐term	
  
contracts.	
  	
  
5SM	
  activists	
  would	
  like	
  to	
  help	
  Italy	
  move	
  forward	
  but	
  they	
  feel	
  blocked	
  by	
  a	
  political	
  class	
  who	
  
are	
   incapable	
   of	
   modernising	
   themselves	
   or	
   the	
   country,	
   preferring	
   to	
   insist	
   with	
   conservative	
  
strategies.	
  They	
  appear	
  very	
  radical	
  as	
  regards	
  public	
  administration,	
  the	
  media,	
  the	
  jobs	
  market.	
  
They	
  also	
  refute	
  the	
  idea	
  of	
  leaderism	
  and	
  anti-­‐politics	
  as	
  media	
  simplification	
  preferring	
  to	
  think	
  
of	
  themselves	
  as	
  anti-­‐bad	
  politics	
  (Orazi	
  and	
  Socci,	
  2008).	
  	
  
Mp	
  Crimi	
   Mp	
  Lombardi	
  
Mp	
  Fico	
  
2008	
  (local	
  election):	
  	
  
30	
  local	
  administration	
  
7	
  borough	
  officials	
  
	
  
2009	
  (local	
  election):	
  
64	
  local	
  administrations	
  
23	
  elected	
  as	
  borough	
  officials	
  
6	
  elected	
  as	
  district	
  representatives	
  
	
  
2010	
  (local	
  and	
  regional	
  election)	
  
5	
  regions	
  and	
  12	
  local	
  administration	
  
4	
  elected	
  as	
  regional	
  representatives	
  
7	
  elected	
  as	
  borough	
  officials	
  
	
  
2011	
  
77	
  local	
  administration	
  
53	
  elected	
  as	
  borough	
  officials	
  
	
  
2012	
  
103	
  local	
  administration	
  
173	
  elected	
  as	
  borough	
  officials	
  
4	
  elected	
  as	
  mayor	
  
Genova	
  over	
  15%	
  
Verona	
  9,5%	
  
La	
  Spezia	
  and	
  
Alessandria	
  11,7	
  %	
  
	
  
In	
  Sicily,	
  5SM	
  is	
  the	
  first	
  
party	
  with	
  18,20%	
  of	
  
votes	
  and	
  15	
  elected	
  
officials	
  
The	
  5sM’s	
  	
  new	
  political	
  offer	
  emerges	
  
There	
  is	
  an	
  empty	
  space	
  that	
  a	
  new	
  form	
  
of	
  representation	
  could	
  fill	
  
Social	
  Media	
  has	
  reached	
  a	
  critical	
  mass	
  
of	
  people	
  
	
  Political	
  corruption	
  reached	
  levels	
  never	
  
so	
  hight	
  since	
  Tangentopoli	
  
Meantime,	
  Italy	
  is	
  starting	
  to	
  feel	
  the	
  
crisis	
  arriving	
  
In	
  Europe,	
  the	
  country’s	
  credibility	
  have	
  
reached	
  an	
  all-­‐time	
  low	
  
Up	
  to	
  83%	
  of	
  citizens	
  do	
  not	
  trust	
  
political	
  parties	
  any	
  more	
  
Traditional	
  institutional	
  equilibriums	
  
seemed	
  to	
  be	
  wavering	
  
Both	
  the	
  right-­‐wing	
  and	
  the	
  left-­‐wing	
  
appear	
  swamped	
  in	
  internal	
  debate	
  
Italian	
  political	
  scene	
  had	
  never	
  looked	
  
so	
  wobbly	
  	
  
BeppeGrillo.it	
  
Information	
  
ecosystem	
  
Participation	
  
environment	
  
Interaction	
  
environment	
  
Social	
  Media	
  
System	
  
Permanent	
  
Campaign	
  
Rosanna De Rosa: Voice of the People or Cybercratic Centralism? The italian case of Beppe Grillo and Movimento Cinque Stelle – Five Stars Movement
The	
  blog	
  plays	
  a	
  central	
  role	
  in	
  
information,	
  communication	
  and	
  
regulation	
  of	
  groups	
  
The	
  MeetUp	
  groups	
  are	
  strictly	
  local	
  
organisations	
  making	
  for	
  the	
  kind	
  of	
  
in-­‐depth	
  knowledge	
  of	
  local	
  issues	
  	
  
Activists	
  who	
  decide	
  to	
  stand	
  for	
  
election	
  accept	
  to	
  campaign	
  always	
  
and	
  only	
  on	
  behalf	
  of	
  local	
  issues	
  
Candidates	
  are	
  not	
  allowed	
  to	
  stand	
  
for	
  other	
  elections	
  while	
  they	
  are	
  in	
  
office.	
  	
  
The	
  cult	
  of	
  the	
  persona	
  and	
  careerist	
  
ambition	
  are	
  discouraged,	
  because	
  
they	
  want	
  to	
  keep	
  the	
  movement	
  
firmly	
  focused	
  on	
  its	
  principle	
  of	
  direct	
  
representation.	
  
The	
  mandate	
  stipulates	
  that	
  elected	
  
candidates	
  need	
  to	
  account	
  for	
  their	
  
work	
  every	
  so	
  often.	
  	
  
The	
  problem	
  of	
  political	
  leadership	
  at	
  
local	
  level	
  has	
  been	
  solved	
  by	
  making	
  
it	
  answerable	
  to,	
  and	
  mutually	
  
dependent	
  on,	
  the	
  constituency	
  it	
  
represents	
  
Decision-­‐making	
  therefore	
  works	
  on	
  a	
  
proxy-­‐voting	
  system,	
  facilitated	
  by	
  
appropriate	
  technological	
  support.	
  
Any	
  elected	
  is	
  a	
  delegate	
  of	
  the	
  
movement	
  
The	
  5S	
  people	
  is	
  
inspired	
  by	
  the	
  
liquid	
  democracy	
  
model,	
  based	
  on	
  
proxy	
  vote.	
  	
  
	
  
Groups	
  are	
  testing	
  
platforms	
  such	
  as	
  
LiquidFeedback	
  
and	
  Airesis,	
  but	
  it	
  
seems	
  that	
  
Casaleggio	
  and	
  
Grillo	
  are	
  thinking	
  
to	
  something	
  else	
  
Parlamentarie	
  
The	
  primary	
  
election	
  that	
  Grillo	
  
organised	
  to	
  select	
  
his	
  candidates	
  for	
  
parliament	
  	
  
Tsunami	
  Tour	
  
Grillo’	
  electoral	
  	
  
Campaign	
  	
  
5S	
  eParliament	
  
Streaming	
  partisan	
  
relationships	
  and	
  	
  
parliament	
  works	
  
Quirinarie	
  
The	
  primary	
  
election	
  to	
  select	
  
the	
  Head	
  of	
  the	
  
State	
  
199	
  Route	
  Campaign	
  
The	
  	
  number	
  of	
  
lists	
  presented	
  to	
  
the	
  2013	
  local	
  
election	
  (on	
  700	
  
administration	
  to	
  
be	
  renewed)	
  
The	
  Profile	
  of	
  Parlamentarie	
  
Date:	
  3-­‐6	
  december	
  2012	
  
Number	
  of	
  candidates:	
  1.486	
  
Number	
  of	
  Voters:	
  20.252	
  (out	
  of	
  31.612)	
  
Number	
  of	
  possible	
  choices:	
  3	
  
Expressed	
  votes:	
  57272	
  (potential	
  votes	
  were	
  60756)	
  
Male	
  candidates:	
  87,15	
  %	
  
Female	
  candidates:	
  12,85	
  %	
  	
  
(only	
  192	
  out	
  of	
  1486)	
  
Average	
  age:	
  42	
  years	
  
Young	
  candidates:	
  10%	
  is	
  less	
  then	
  29	
  years	
  old	
  
Professionals	
  and	
  Employees	
  in	
  Private	
  Firms:	
  	
  42,49	
  %	
  
Number	
  of	
  students:	
  2,49	
  
This mini-sample shows that the 5SM does not fit the so-called “populist” people
A	
  multiplier	
  
factor	
  
A	
  gender	
  
factor	
  
A	
  merit	
  
factor	
  
Age-­‐group	
  
factor	
  
Rules	
  that	
  have	
  inspired	
  the	
  
formation	
  of	
  the	
  list	
  
Female	
  	
  Young	
  	
  
18	
  december	
  2012:	
  The	
  Statute	
  defines	
  the	
  electoral	
  status	
  
of	
  the	
  movement	
  
Opinion	
  polling	
  	
  agencies	
  	
  rank	
  the	
  movement	
  up	
  20%	
  
About	
  300.000	
  registered	
  people	
  to	
  the	
  
Grillo	
  networks	
  
Meetup	
  groups	
  	
  rose	
  from	
  500	
  to	
  over	
  
1000	
  
January:	
  The	
  Tsunami	
  Campaign	
  starts.	
  
Grillo	
  meet	
  citizens	
  in	
  over	
  70	
  squares	
  
Old	
  and	
  new	
  media	
  are	
  used	
  to	
  amplify	
  
the	
  campaign,	
  to	
  bridge	
  online	
  and	
  
offline	
  electorate	
  (webTV)	
  
Young	
  and	
  students:	
  the	
  post-­‐political	
  
electorate	
  target-­‐group	
  to	
  reach	
  
Use	
  of	
  anti-­‐
language	
  and	
  
going	
  
negative	
  
Re-­‐mediation	
  of	
  
communication	
  
Shared	
  
goals:	
  giving	
  
people	
  an	
  
objective	
  to	
  
fight	
  for	
  
Organised	
  
communities	
  
Micro-­‐
mobilisation	
  
Social-­‐
empowering	
  
Unifying	
  
media	
  and	
  
message	
  
Globalizing	
  
the	
  
network	
  
Creating	
  a	
  
seamless	
  
environment	
  
Vote	
  intention	
  on	
  Social	
  Networks	
  
Over	
  1.300.000	
  likes	
  on	
  Facebook	
  
Over	
  1.200.000	
  followers	
  on	
  Twitter	
  
Over	
  1.100	
  Meetup	
  groups	
  
Number	
  of	
  mentions	
  on	
  Social	
  Networks	
  
The	
  web	
  became	
  the	
  connective	
  tissue,	
  the	
  megaphone	
  and	
  
the	
   organising	
   principle	
   behind	
   a	
   campaign	
   that	
   offers	
  
seamless	
   movement	
   between	
   different	
   reality	
   spaces	
  
(online/offline).	
  	
  
It	
  worked	
  as	
  an	
  integrated	
  whole	
  with	
  citizen-­‐voters	
  at	
  its	
  
heart,	
  hubs	
  in	
  a	
  power	
  network	
  who	
  themselves	
  took	
  on	
  the	
  
job	
  of	
  stripping	
  old	
  politicians	
  of	
  their	
  role	
  and	
  restructuring	
  
democratic	
  processes,	
  with	
  parliament	
  in	
  central	
  position.	
  	
  
The	
  Movement	
  got	
  
8.69	
  million	
  votes	
  in	
  
total,	
  2.4	
  million	
  in	
  
the	
  South,	
  2.1	
  in	
  the	
  
North-­‐East,	
  and	
  1.6	
  in	
  
the	
  so-­‐called	
  “red	
  
regions”	
  (Data	
  
Cattaneo	
  Institute).	
  	
  
In	
  the	
  Lower	
  House,	
  the	
  
5SM	
  comes	
  second	
  to	
  the	
  
Pd,	
  with	
  25.55%	
  of	
  the	
  
votes.	
  	
  
	
  
In	
  the	
  Senate	
  it	
  gets	
  
23.79%	
  of	
  the	
  votes.	
  
	
  
LiquidFeedback	
   Airesis	
  
Either	
  secret	
  and	
  
open	
  ballot	
  
Collaborative	
  wiki	
  
User-­‐friendly	
  
platform	
  
Proxy	
  vote	
  
Non-­‐secret	
  ballots	
  
Schultze	
  metod	
  
Open	
  Source	
  
Proxy	
  vote	
  
Which	
  platform	
  can	
  support	
  5SM	
  delegates	
  within	
  the	
  parliament?	
  
•  Goals:	
  
•  Engaging	
  activists	
  in	
  the	
  
decision-­‐making	
  process	
  
•  Freeing	
  “delegates“	
  by	
  
Casaleggio	
  and	
  Grillo	
  
Control	
  
•  Ensuring	
  internal	
  
democracy	
  and	
  
effectiveness	
  
•  Introducing	
  new	
  
procedures	
  in	
  
representative	
  institutions	
  
Video	
   streaming	
   democracy	
   is	
   the	
   new	
  
format	
  adopted	
  by	
  5S	
  activists	
  which	
  has	
  
serious	
   implications	
   on	
   transparency	
   and	
  
control.	
  
The	
   control	
   chain	
   and	
   the	
   no-­‐confidence	
   stance	
   are	
   very	
   closely-­‐linked.	
   The	
   5SM	
  
activists	
   control	
   the	
   political	
   classes	
   and	
   have	
   seats	
   within	
   the	
   institutions	
   but	
   the	
  
activists	
   are	
   controlled	
   by	
   the	
   Movement,	
   thus	
   making	
   the	
   accountability	
   process	
   a	
  
more	
  and	
  more	
  central	
  question.	
  
An	
  online	
  
deliberative	
  
polling	
  to	
  
select	
  the	
  
head	
  of	
  State	
  
Little	
  
number,	
  
greater	
  
audience	
  
The	
  debate	
  
spreads	
  the	
  
web	
  
The	
  process	
  
highlights	
  
the	
  distance	
  
between	
  will	
  
of	
  people	
  and	
  
partitocratic	
  
agreements	
  
The	
  
movement	
  
become	
  the	
  
Lobby	
  of	
  
People	
  
The	
  Grillo’blog	
  	
  
is	
  the	
  central	
  node	
  of	
  
the	
  movement	
  
Grillo	
  and	
  
Casaleggio	
  
dictates	
  the	
  	
  
political	
  line	
  
Grillo	
  hold	
  
exclusive	
  
rights	
  on	
  the	
  
brand	
  name	
  
Rule	
  are	
  
established	
  by	
  
Grillo	
  and	
  
Casaleggio	
  
Negative	
  and	
  
positive	
  
incentives	
  are	
  
used	
  to	
  
control	
  the	
  
network	
  
Activists	
  need	
  
to	
  submit	
  to	
  
both	
  the	
  
Grillo’	
  blog	
  
and	
  Local	
  
MeetUp	
  Grillo’s	
  
Communicati
on	
  model	
  is	
  
broadcasting	
  
Local	
  
organization	
  
are	
  inclusive	
  
but	
  selective	
  
at	
  same	
  time	
  
Local	
  
organization	
  
are	
  free	
  to	
  
manage	
  
themself	
  
Local	
  
organization	
  
chooses	
  the	
  
issues	
  to	
  
fights	
  for	
  
They	
  all	
  share	
  
the	
  idea	
  of	
  
connected	
  
intelligence	
  
and	
  wisdom	
  
of	
  crowds	
  
The	
  
communication	
  
model	
  of	
  5SM	
  is	
  
netcasting	
  
45%	
  of	
  M5S	
  voters	
  thinks	
  
that	
  parties	
  will	
  become	
  
more	
  and	
  more	
  weak	
  
	
  
33%	
  of	
  M5S	
  voters	
  thinks	
  
that	
  parties	
  are	
  destined	
  to	
  
die	
  
	
  
16%	
  of	
  M5S	
  voters	
  thinks	
  
that	
  there	
  is	
  space	
  only	
  for	
  
movements	
  
•  Grillo’s	
  5SM	
  is	
  the	
  tip	
  of	
  the	
  iceberg	
  of	
  a	
  complex	
  phenomenon	
  that	
  emerges	
  from	
  the	
  
separation	
  between	
  legitimacy	
  and	
  trust,	
  two	
  principles	
  which	
  theories	
  of	
  democracy	
  
and	
  representation	
  had	
  merged	
  together	
  in	
  the	
  form	
  of	
  electoral	
  processes	
  (Rosanvallon,	
  
2008).	
  
	
  
•  The	
  electoral	
  process	
  can	
  no	
  longer	
  be	
  seen	
  as	
  sufficient	
  reason	
  for	
  keeping	
  afloat	
  a	
  
political	
  class	
  that	
  fails	
  to	
  respond	
  to	
  citizens’	
  needs	
  and,	
  more	
  importantly,	
  fails	
  to	
  
deserve	
  their	
  trust.	
  
	
  
•  Grillo	
  is	
  then	
  a	
  product	
  of	
  a	
  set	
  of	
  a	
  unique	
  circumstances:	
  the	
  political	
  and	
  economical	
  
situation,	
  the	
  party	
  system	
  crisis,	
  the	
  transformative	
  power	
  of	
  new	
  media,	
  which	
  now	
  are	
  
enabling	
  a	
  critical	
  mass	
  of	
  citizens	
  to	
  claim	
  their	
  rights,	
  demanding	
  transparency,	
  
effectiveness	
  and	
  participation	
  in	
  political	
  processes.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
•  In	
  this	
  contest,	
  the	
  movement	
  can	
  be	
  seen	
  as	
  a	
  technological	
  organization	
  of	
  distrust.	
  
	
  

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Rosanna De Rosa: Voice of the People or Cybercratic Centralism? The italian case of Beppe Grillo and Movimento Cinque Stelle – Five Stars Movement

  • 1. The  italian  case  of  Beppe  Grillo  and  Movimento  Cinque  Stelle     Rosanna  De  Rosa,  University  of  Naples  Federico  II  (rderosa@unina.it)     Cedem  2013  Krems  
  • 3. Grillo,  Person  of  the   Year,  2004   Time  Magazine     21  may  2012,  after   local  election  
  • 4. A  grassroots  request  for  change  the   legislation  consisting  of  three  points:   •  no  to  anyone  involved  in  criminal   lawsuits  standing  for  parliament,     •  no  to  re-­‐election  after  two   mandates   •  yes  to  direct  election  of  candidates     «we  are  tired  of  feel  ashamed  for  you»  
  • 5. 2008  local  election:       30  local  administration   7  borough  officials  elected    
  • 6. The  Meetup  platform  is  used  as  a  meta-­‐organization  platform     for  5SM  groups  and  activities  (Lanfrey  2012)   One  star  for  each  of  the  cardinal   points  the  Movement  upholds:     •  environment     •  water     •  development     •  connectivity     •  transport    
  • 7. Most  of  them  were  born  in  the  South   of  Italy  but  live  in  the  North-­‐East.     The  vast  majority  of  them  are  white-­‐ collar  workers  or  self-­‐employed   professionals  in  private  firms,  with  a   smaller  group  of  university  students.     There  are  no  unemployed  members  or   people  working  on  short-­‐term   contracts.     5SM  activists  would  like  to  help  Italy  move  forward  but  they  feel  blocked  by  a  political  class  who   are   incapable   of   modernising   themselves   or   the   country,   preferring   to   insist   with   conservative   strategies.  They  appear  very  radical  as  regards  public  administration,  the  media,  the  jobs  market.   They  also  refute  the  idea  of  leaderism  and  anti-­‐politics  as  media  simplification  preferring  to  think   of  themselves  as  anti-­‐bad  politics  (Orazi  and  Socci,  2008).     Mp  Crimi   Mp  Lombardi   Mp  Fico  
  • 8. 2008  (local  election):     30  local  administration   7  borough  officials     2009  (local  election):   64  local  administrations   23  elected  as  borough  officials   6  elected  as  district  representatives     2010  (local  and  regional  election)   5  regions  and  12  local  administration   4  elected  as  regional  representatives   7  elected  as  borough  officials     2011   77  local  administration   53  elected  as  borough  officials     2012   103  local  administration   173  elected  as  borough  officials   4  elected  as  mayor  
  • 9. Genova  over  15%   Verona  9,5%   La  Spezia  and   Alessandria  11,7  %     In  Sicily,  5SM  is  the  first   party  with  18,20%  of   votes  and  15  elected   officials  
  • 10. The  5sM’s    new  political  offer  emerges   There  is  an  empty  space  that  a  new  form   of  representation  could  fill   Social  Media  has  reached  a  critical  mass   of  people    Political  corruption  reached  levels  never   so  hight  since  Tangentopoli   Meantime,  Italy  is  starting  to  feel  the   crisis  arriving   In  Europe,  the  country’s  credibility  have   reached  an  all-­‐time  low   Up  to  83%  of  citizens  do  not  trust   political  parties  any  more   Traditional  institutional  equilibriums   seemed  to  be  wavering   Both  the  right-­‐wing  and  the  left-­‐wing   appear  swamped  in  internal  debate   Italian  political  scene  had  never  looked   so  wobbly    
  • 11. BeppeGrillo.it   Information   ecosystem   Participation   environment   Interaction   environment   Social  Media   System   Permanent   Campaign  
  • 13. The  blog  plays  a  central  role  in   information,  communication  and   regulation  of  groups   The  MeetUp  groups  are  strictly  local   organisations  making  for  the  kind  of   in-­‐depth  knowledge  of  local  issues     Activists  who  decide  to  stand  for   election  accept  to  campaign  always   and  only  on  behalf  of  local  issues   Candidates  are  not  allowed  to  stand   for  other  elections  while  they  are  in   office.     The  cult  of  the  persona  and  careerist   ambition  are  discouraged,  because   they  want  to  keep  the  movement   firmly  focused  on  its  principle  of  direct   representation.   The  mandate  stipulates  that  elected   candidates  need  to  account  for  their   work  every  so  often.     The  problem  of  political  leadership  at   local  level  has  been  solved  by  making   it  answerable  to,  and  mutually   dependent  on,  the  constituency  it   represents   Decision-­‐making  therefore  works  on  a   proxy-­‐voting  system,  facilitated  by   appropriate  technological  support.   Any  elected  is  a  delegate  of  the   movement  
  • 14. The  5S  people  is   inspired  by  the   liquid  democracy   model,  based  on   proxy  vote.       Groups  are  testing   platforms  such  as   LiquidFeedback   and  Airesis,  but  it   seems  that   Casaleggio  and   Grillo  are  thinking   to  something  else  
  • 15. Parlamentarie   The  primary   election  that  Grillo   organised  to  select   his  candidates  for   parliament     Tsunami  Tour   Grillo’  electoral     Campaign     5S  eParliament   Streaming  partisan   relationships  and     parliament  works   Quirinarie   The  primary   election  to  select   the  Head  of  the   State   199  Route  Campaign   The    number  of   lists  presented  to   the  2013  local   election  (on  700   administration  to   be  renewed)  
  • 16. The  Profile  of  Parlamentarie   Date:  3-­‐6  december  2012   Number  of  candidates:  1.486   Number  of  Voters:  20.252  (out  of  31.612)   Number  of  possible  choices:  3   Expressed  votes:  57272  (potential  votes  were  60756)   Male  candidates:  87,15  %   Female  candidates:  12,85  %     (only  192  out  of  1486)   Average  age:  42  years   Young  candidates:  10%  is  less  then  29  years  old   Professionals  and  Employees  in  Private  Firms:    42,49  %   Number  of  students:  2,49   This mini-sample shows that the 5SM does not fit the so-called “populist” people
  • 17. A  multiplier   factor   A  gender   factor   A  merit   factor   Age-­‐group   factor   Rules  that  have  inspired  the   formation  of  the  list   Female    Young    
  • 18. 18  december  2012:  The  Statute  defines  the  electoral  status   of  the  movement   Opinion  polling    agencies    rank  the  movement  up  20%   About  300.000  registered  people  to  the   Grillo  networks   Meetup  groups    rose  from  500  to  over   1000   January:  The  Tsunami  Campaign  starts.   Grillo  meet  citizens  in  over  70  squares   Old  and  new  media  are  used  to  amplify   the  campaign,  to  bridge  online  and   offline  electorate  (webTV)   Young  and  students:  the  post-­‐political   electorate  target-­‐group  to  reach  
  • 19. Use  of  anti-­‐ language  and   going   negative   Re-­‐mediation  of   communication   Shared   goals:  giving   people  an   objective  to   fight  for   Organised   communities   Micro-­‐ mobilisation   Social-­‐ empowering   Unifying   media  and   message   Globalizing   the   network   Creating  a   seamless   environment  
  • 20. Vote  intention  on  Social  Networks   Over  1.300.000  likes  on  Facebook   Over  1.200.000  followers  on  Twitter   Over  1.100  Meetup  groups   Number  of  mentions  on  Social  Networks   The  web  became  the  connective  tissue,  the  megaphone  and   the   organising   principle   behind   a   campaign   that   offers   seamless   movement   between   different   reality   spaces   (online/offline).     It  worked  as  an  integrated  whole  with  citizen-­‐voters  at  its   heart,  hubs  in  a  power  network  who  themselves  took  on  the   job  of  stripping  old  politicians  of  their  role  and  restructuring   democratic  processes,  with  parliament  in  central  position.    
  • 21. The  Movement  got   8.69  million  votes  in   total,  2.4  million  in   the  South,  2.1  in  the   North-­‐East,  and  1.6  in   the  so-­‐called  “red   regions”  (Data   Cattaneo  Institute).     In  the  Lower  House,  the   5SM  comes  second  to  the   Pd,  with  25.55%  of  the   votes.       In  the  Senate  it  gets   23.79%  of  the  votes.    
  • 22. LiquidFeedback   Airesis   Either  secret  and   open  ballot   Collaborative  wiki   User-­‐friendly   platform   Proxy  vote   Non-­‐secret  ballots   Schultze  metod   Open  Source   Proxy  vote   Which  platform  can  support  5SM  delegates  within  the  parliament?   •  Goals:   •  Engaging  activists  in  the   decision-­‐making  process   •  Freeing  “delegates“  by   Casaleggio  and  Grillo   Control   •  Ensuring  internal   democracy  and   effectiveness   •  Introducing  new   procedures  in   representative  institutions  
  • 23. Video   streaming   democracy   is   the   new   format  adopted  by  5S  activists  which  has   serious   implications   on   transparency   and   control.   The   control   chain   and   the   no-­‐confidence   stance   are   very   closely-­‐linked.   The   5SM   activists   control   the   political   classes   and   have   seats   within   the   institutions   but   the   activists   are   controlled   by   the   Movement,   thus   making   the   accountability   process   a   more  and  more  central  question.  
  • 24. An  online   deliberative   polling  to   select  the   head  of  State   Little   number,   greater   audience   The  debate   spreads  the   web   The  process   highlights   the  distance   between  will   of  people  and   partitocratic   agreements   The   movement   become  the   Lobby  of   People  
  • 25. The  Grillo’blog     is  the  central  node  of   the  movement   Grillo  and   Casaleggio   dictates  the     political  line   Grillo  hold   exclusive   rights  on  the   brand  name   Rule  are   established  by   Grillo  and   Casaleggio   Negative  and   positive   incentives  are   used  to   control  the   network   Activists  need   to  submit  to   both  the   Grillo’  blog   and  Local   MeetUp  Grillo’s   Communicati on  model  is   broadcasting   Local   organization   are  inclusive   but  selective   at  same  time   Local   organization   are  free  to   manage   themself   Local   organization   chooses  the   issues  to   fights  for   They  all  share   the  idea  of   connected   intelligence   and  wisdom   of  crowds   The   communication   model  of  5SM  is   netcasting  
  • 26. 45%  of  M5S  voters  thinks   that  parties  will  become   more  and  more  weak     33%  of  M5S  voters  thinks   that  parties  are  destined  to   die     16%  of  M5S  voters  thinks   that  there  is  space  only  for   movements  
  • 27. •  Grillo’s  5SM  is  the  tip  of  the  iceberg  of  a  complex  phenomenon  that  emerges  from  the   separation  between  legitimacy  and  trust,  two  principles  which  theories  of  democracy   and  representation  had  merged  together  in  the  form  of  electoral  processes  (Rosanvallon,   2008).     •  The  electoral  process  can  no  longer  be  seen  as  sufficient  reason  for  keeping  afloat  a   political  class  that  fails  to  respond  to  citizens’  needs  and,  more  importantly,  fails  to   deserve  their  trust.     •  Grillo  is  then  a  product  of  a  set  of  a  unique  circumstances:  the  political  and  economical   situation,  the  party  system  crisis,  the  transformative  power  of  new  media,  which  now  are   enabling  a  critical  mass  of  citizens  to  claim  their  rights,  demanding  transparency,   effectiveness  and  participation  in  political  processes.         •  In  this  contest,  the  movement  can  be  seen  as  a  technological  organization  of  distrust.