The document summarizes different types of transmission cables including coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber optic cable. Coaxial cable uses a central conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding, and was commonly used in early Ethernet networks. Twisted pair cable consists of two copper wires twisted together to reduce interference, and comes in unshielded and shielded varieties. Fiber optic cable uses glass cores to transmit light signals and is more expensive but can transmit over greater distances and speeds with less signal loss than other cables.

1. Transmission Media(Cable) Prepared By: Devang Bhatti

2. Transmission Cable Types Co – Axial Cable Twisted Pair Cable Fiber Optic Cable

3. Co- Axial Cable Characteristics of co-axial cable: Used in the first Ethernet networks Usually orange/black Very expensive and heavy cable Conductor down the center Insulator surrounds conductor Shielded mesh serves as outside

4. Coaxial cable connector The most common type of connector used with coaxial cables is the BNC connector

5. Coaxial cable connector (Cont…)

6. Coaxial cable applications Most versatile medium Television distribution Cable TV Long distance telephone transmission Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously Being replaced by fiber optic Short distance computer systems links Local area networks

7. Twisted Pair Cable Twisted Pair Cable consists of two copper wires, usually twisted around each other to cancel out any noise in the circuit Two main type of Twisted Pair Cabling Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

8. Twisted Pair Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ordinary telephone wire Cheapest Easiest to install Suffers from external EM interference Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference More expensive Harder to handle (thick, heavy)

9. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) UTP has four pairs of wires inside the jacket Each pair is twisted with a different number of twists per inch to help eliminate interference from adjacent pairs

10. UTP Categories Cat 3 up to 16MHz Voice grade found in most offices Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm Cat 4 up to 20 MHz Cat 5 up to 100MHz Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm Cat 5E Cat 6 Cat 7

11. UTP connector

12. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) STP is the original media used for token ring networks STP can be used for high-speed networks, ATM, where shielding is important.

13. STP connector

14. Fiber Optic Cable

15. Fiber Optic Cable Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials It transmits light rather than electronic signals It is the standard for connecting networks between buildings, due to its immunity to the effects of moisture and light

16. Fiber Optic Cable (Cont…) Fiber optic cable has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial or twisted pair It can also carry information at vastly greater speeds Fiber optic cable is more difficult to install than other cabling

17. Advantages/Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Advantages Noise resistance Less signal attenuation Higher bandwidth Disadvantages Cost Installation/Maintenance fragility