3. Background
• E.L James as the popular author and her
influence toward the sex life in the society.
• The popularity of Fifty Shades trilogy.
• Sadomasochism and the impact of childhood
trauma.
4. Statement of the Problems
1. How are sadomasochism depicted in Fifty Shades
trilogy?
There are four aspects analysed in these novels;
a. How is sadism depicted in Fifty Shades trilogy?
b. How is masochism depicted in Fifty Shades trilogy?
c. What is the impact of sadomasochism to the main
characters in Fifty Shades trilogy?
d. What is the impact of childhood trauma to the main
characters in Fifty Shades trilogy?
5. Objective
1. To depict the sadism in Fifty Shades trilogy.
The novels are Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty
Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed written
by E.L James.
2. To depict the masochism in Fifty Shades trilogy.
3. To reveal the impact of sadomasochism to the
main character in Fifty Shades trilogy.
4. To reveal the impact of childhood trauma to
the main character in Fifty Shades trilogy.
6. Scope and Limitation
• This study focuses on depicting the sadism and
masochism done by the characters and revealing
the impact of sadomasochism and childhood
trauma to the main character in Fifty Shades
trilogy. This study is limited on the analysis of the
main character’s sadomasochism and its impact,
and the childhood trauma.
7. Assumptions
1. Sadomasochism; sadism and masochism are depicted
by hitting, slapping, doing bondage, and using sex toys
in Fifty Shades trilogy.
2. The impacts of sadomasochism to the main characters
are the feeling of pleasure, in the same time, the main
character feel depression and stress.
3. Sadomasochism is the impact of childhood trauma in
Fifty Shades trilogy. Christian as the main character was
often beaten by his father. His father hits his mother to
die. Little Christian is suppressed by those events.
Therefore these traumatic events caused him to
become a masochist first then he changed to become a
sadist.
9. Previous Studies
1. Paul J. Ramsour (2002) entitled Masochism,
Sexual Freedom, and Radical Democracy: A
Hermeneutic Study of Sadomasochism in
Psychoanalytic, Sociological, and
Contemporary Texts.
2. Pramesi Lokaprasidha (2009) entitled
Revealing Sexual Masochism of Erika Kohut
in Elfriede Jelinek’s The Piano Teacher
10. Paraphilia
• Paraphilia derives from Greek, para means beside, and
philia means love.
• Paraphilia is defined as sexual arousal to objects or
situations that are not part of normative stimulation
(DSM-IV).
• Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies involving
non-human objects, the suffering or humiliation,
children or other no consenting persons that occur over
a period of at least 6 months.
• The diagnosis is made if the behaviour, sexual urges, or
fantasies cause stress, pressure, depression happens in
the social life.
11. Sadomasochism
• Matsumoto (2009) states sadomasochism is sexual practice
of using the infliction of pain or humiliation as a method of
intensifying sexual desire.
• Freud has another term related to sadomasochism. He
defines it as sadism and masochism.
• A sadist is the active form of sadomasochism. A sadist
inflicts pain to the passive. The passive here is the
masochist. He/she receives the pain given by the sadist.
• Freud emphasizing in the pleasure of pain and sexual
harshness in doing sadomasochism.
12. Sadism
• Sadism Marquis de Sade
• Matsumoto (2009) sexual arousal occurs as the
result of inflicting physical or mental pain on
another person.
• Freud (1905) the feeling of aggressiveness
the sexual instinct
• A sadist is shy, anxious, introverted, and socially
isolated, but of superior intelligence.
13. Masochism
• Masochism Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
• Krueger (2010) states masochist as
a. A preferred or exclusive mode of producing
sexual excitement is to be
humiliated, bound, beaten, or otherwise made
to suffer
b. The individual has intentionally participated in
an activity in which he or she was physically
harmed or his or her life was threatened
14. Childhood Trauma
• Cordỏn et.al. (2004) describe that trauma are caused by
experiencing something. The experiences are,
1. Threatens the health and well-being of an individual.
2. Creates an over-whelming fear that oneself or a loved one is
about to suffer severe injury or death.
3. Overwhelms an individual’s coping mechanisms.
4. Significantly disrupts the functioning of the individual.
5. Indicates that the world is an uncontrollable and
unpredictable place.
• Those traumas can affect a child’s personality. It is because
traumatic events may actually affect brain structures and brain
function deeply.
16. Approach
• This study will be used psychology as the
approach to analyse the depiction of
sadomasochism and its impact to the main
characters, and the childhood trauma in James’
Fifty Shades trilogy: Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty
Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed.
17. Design
• This study will use the literary text as the object to
analyse. It is because the psychological aspects of
the character in Fifty Shades trilogy will be
analysed.
• Applying some theories about sadomasochism
and childhood trauma will be necessary for
analysing the psychological aspects of the
character in Fifty Shades trilogy.
18. Data and Source of Data
• The data of this study are the utterances of the
characters about the depiction of
sadomasochism; sadism and masochism, and its
impact to the main characters, and the impact of
the childhood trauma in forming sadomasochism
in Fifty Shades trilogy.
• The source of data is trilogy by E.L. James
entitled Fifty Shades trilogy; Fifty Shades of Grey,
Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed.
19. Technique of Collecting Data
1. Close Reading
2. Note Taking
a. Depictions of Sadomasochism
b. The Impact of Sadomasochism
c. The Childhood Trauma Occurs in the
Characters
20. Technique of Analysing Data
• Fifty Shades trilogy; Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty
Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed will be
analysed by applying the theory about
sadomasochism; sadism and masochism, and its
impact to the main characters, and childhood
trauma in order to get the findings.
