1. Nucleus Contains DNA the instructions for making proteins A nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus composed of two membranes Pores allow materials to move in/out of the nucleus

2. Nucleus DNA is in the form of chromatin Individual chromosomes are not visible in this form During mitosis, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes Nucleolus Site of ribosomes assembly Made of RNA and protein

3. Ribosomes and ER Ribosomes – make proteins Found floating in cytoplasm or attached to ER Endoplasmic reticulum – transports materials throughout the cell Site of lipid assembly Rough ER – ribosomes on the outside of the ER Smooth ER – No ribosomes on the surface of the ER

4. Golgi Apparatus Golgi apparatus – sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials Receives materials from the ER Some materials are shipped out of the cell “UPS guys” of the cell

5. Chloroplasts Found in plants, algae, Site of photosynthesis Convert light energy into chemical energy Contains chlorophyll

6. Mitochondria The mitochiondria is the powerhouse of the cell Converts chemical energy from food into a more useful form Contains its own DNA

7. Lysosomes Lysosomes breakdown materials into small molecules that are reused by the cell Uses digestive enzymes

8. Vacuole Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Much larger in plant cells than animal cells

9. Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Cytoskeleton provides support, gives shape, and is involved in movement Microfilaments are threadlike structures Structure and movement Microtubules are hollow structures maintains cell shape centrioles are involved in mitosis cell projections (cilia & flagella) ER microtubule microfilament mitochondria ribosomes

10. Cell Wall Cell walls are found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria Provide protection and support Plant cell walls are made of cellulose