Some Very General Citation Guidelines

The Bottom Line: The following will lose you marks.No citations? Fail (see plagiarism)Citations in anything other than MLA or APA, or consistent failure to format correctly:? Automatic 10% deduction.Quotes not integrated or formatted incorrectly (long quote not set off with hanging indent), treated as “serious error,” three will lose you 10%Titles incorrectly formatted: automatic 5% deduction.Incorrect punctuation, treated as punctuation error. Five will lose you 10%

Part One: In Text

TitlesBooks (Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, Pride and Prejudice) and sometimes plays are in italics. Poems, essays (“The Game”) and other works within works (sometimes plays) are in quotation marks.

Formatting QuotesIntegrate grammatically whenever possible into your own sentence.As a rule, quote as little as possible; paraphrase or put in your own words (but don’t forget to cite)

Integrate quotes grammaticallyMiss Lucy mentions the “terrible accidents” (71) that happen sometimes because of electric fences.Tommy agrees with Kathy that he is in some way different; he tells her “Maybe I did know, somewhere deep down. Something the rest of you didn’t” (252). The period goes AFTER the parentheses when the quote is in your sentence.

Block QuoteUse when quoting passage of more than two sentences, or for dialogue, which should be reproduced as on original page.Madame tells Kathy that there was a different reason why she was crying: When I watched you dancing that day, I saw something else. I saw a new world coming rapidly. More scientific, efficient, yes. (248)

Parenthetical Citations 1: WhatANYTHING, either exact quote, fact or opinion, that you read in your researchPage of text you are using – cite author’s name once at the beginning but unless you cite something other than your main work there is no need to keep repeating it.If no author, use ABBREVIATED title – this applies to journal articles and web page articles as well.Have as many citations per paragraph as there are different sources. Don’t worry about having too many.

Your Basic Parenthetical Citation: MLAFirst quotation or reference: “Quote quote quote” (Author 25). All subsequent quotes or references by same author, or where author is mentioned by name in sentence: “quote quote quote” (26).NOTE: NO “p” for page, NO comma between author and number

Your Basic Parenthetical Citation: APAWhen author is used in signal phrase:According to Author, “quote quote quote” (2006, p. 19).If no signal phrase or for paraphrased material This is an important piece of information for my research paper (Author, 2006, p.19)NOTE: includes year, “p” for page and commas between entries. Do NOT confuse MLA and APA

Parenthetical Citations 2: WhereThe parentheses go after the quote but before the period except in the case of indented quotes when it goes at the end.Milton echoes Marlowe when he writes that a mind “in itself / Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heav’n” (234-5). Elizabeth Barrett Browning suggests that women “are paid / The worth of our work, perhaps” (464).

More PunctuationReproduce internal punctuation (and capitalization) exactly as written except for a closing period (which goes after the parentheses). Retain closing exclamation and question marks.Dorothea Brook responds: “What a wonderful little almanac you are, Celia!” (7).

Part Two: List of References

What it’s CalledIn MLA, it’s a “Works Cited” listIn APA, it’s “References”It’s not a bibliography

Items Must be in Alphabetical OrderThe order is by Author’s last name.If you have no Author, use title, and integrate that alphabetically.NOTE: do not number entries

Sample Entry 1: BookMLAIshiguro, Kazuo. Never Let Me Go. Toronto, Vintage Canada: 2006.APAIshiguro, Kazuo. (2006). Toronto: Vintage Canada.

Sample Works Cited Entry 2Simple Journal Entry MLASimple Journal Entry APAKoepke Brown, Carole. “Episodic Patterns and The Perpetrator: The Structure and Meaning of Chaucer’s Wife of Bath’s Tale.” The Chaucer Review 31:01 (1996) : 19-34.Koepke Brown, Carole. (1996) Episodic Patterns and The Perpetrator: The Structure and Meaning of Chaucer’s Wife of Bath’s Tale. The Chaucer Review 31(1), 19-34.

Sample Works Cited Entry 3Journal Entry from EBSCO (MLA)Journal Entry from EBSCO (APA)Neman, Beth S. "A Modest Proposal for Testing 'A Voyage to the Country of the Houynhnm's' For Dramatic Irony." English Language Notes. 24:2 (Dec 86). p37. 7p. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Camosun College Lib. Victoria, B.C. 20 Nov 2006. <http://search.epnet.com>. Neman, Beth S. (1986) A Modest Proposal for Testing 'A Voyage to the Country of the Houynhnm's' For Dramatic Irony. English Language Notes.24 (2) p37. 7p. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. (documentidentitynumber)

Sample Works Cited Entry 3Online Article MLAOnline Article APAVaught, Jennifer C. “Spenser’s Dialogic Voice in Book I of The Faerie Queene.” 2001. 23 Nov 2006.Vaught, Jennifer C. (2001) .Spenser’s Dialogic Voice in Book I of The Faerie Queene.Retrieved from<http://www.geocities.com/yskretz/spenservaught.html>

Citing Wikipedia“Dystopia." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 10 April 2007. In text, use (“Dystopia”) only.