“ Emerging Trends of Industrial Inkjet Printing” Dean A. Hornsby Digital Printing Specialist Pittsburgh, PA Contact : [email_address]

Presentation Overview Inkjet Development Timeline Inkjet Technologies Inkjet Inks Principles of Operation Fluid Properties for Inkjet Technologies Future Developments Traditional & Emerging Applications Emerging Markets Example Photo Gallery

Inkjet Development Timeline

Inkjet Technologies

Inkjet Inks

Principles of Operation

Fluid Properties for Inkjet Technologies

Future Developments

Traditional & Emerging Applications

Emerging Markets Example Photo Gallery

Inkjet Development Timeline Developed from a model by Fred Noll, VIP Color Revised December 2006 by Dean Hornsby

Inkjet Technologies DOD Drop On Demand Micro-Solenoid Plunger Operated DOD Impulse Piezo Ceramic DOD CIJ Continuous Inkjet Hot Melt Wax Based Impulse DOD/CIJ TIJ Thermal Inkjet

DOD Drop On Demand

Micro-Solenoid Plunger Operated DOD

Impulse Piezo Ceramic DOD

CIJ Continuous Inkjet

Hot Melt Wax Based Impulse DOD/CIJ

TIJ Thermal Inkjet

Inkjet Technologies Micro Solenoid – Plunger Operated DOD Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate Adjustable 2 µl to 1 ml Drop Volume Prints Aqueous & Solvent Base Fluids Low Frequency Drive (up to 5 KHz) Prints @ 32 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates) Head Life Up To 2 Billion Cycles Generally Inert Materials in Print Head Construction Pressure Delivery of Fluid (15 psi)

Micro Solenoid – Plunger Operated DOD

Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate

Adjustable 2 µl to 1 ml Drop Volume

Prints Aqueous & Solvent Base Fluids

Low Frequency Drive (up to 5 KHz)

Prints @ 32 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates)

Head Life Up To 2 Billion Cycles

Generally Inert Materials in Print Head Construction

Pressure Delivery of Fluid (15 psi)

Inkjet Technologies Impulse – Piezo Ceramic DOD Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate Adjustable 2 pl to 100 pl Drop Volume Prints Aqueous, Solvent, Oil & Wax Base Fluids High Frequency Drive (up to 40 KHz) Prints @ 256 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates) Head Life Up To 10 Billion Cycles Capillary Fluid Feed – Gravity Feed Ink System

Impulse – Piezo Ceramic DOD

Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate

Adjustable 2 pl to 100 pl Drop Volume

Prints Aqueous, Solvent, Oil & Wax Base Fluids

High Frequency Drive (up to 40 KHz)

Prints @ 256 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates)

Head Life Up To 10 Billion Cycles

Capillary Fluid Feed – Gravity Feed Ink System

Inkjet Technologies Continuous Inkjet Continuous Stream of Fluid Drops Electrostatic Charge on Drops to Deflect Adjustable 6 nl to 100 nl Drop Volume Un-charged Drops Return to Fluid System Prints Aqueous, Solvent, Wax and Oil Base Fluids 60,000 to 100,000 Drops Generated Per Second Prints up to 100 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates) Head Life 5+ years Pressure Delivery of Fluids (45 psi)

Continuous Inkjet

Continuous Stream of Fluid Drops

Electrostatic Charge on Drops to Deflect

Adjustable 6 nl to 100 nl Drop Volume

Un-charged Drops Return to Fluid System

Prints Aqueous, Solvent, Wax and Oil Base Fluids

60,000 to 100,000 Drops Generated Per Second

Prints up to 100 dpi (Porous & Non Porous Substrates)

Head Life 5+ years

Pressure Delivery of Fluids (45 psi)

Inkjet Technologies Drop On Demand – Thermal Inkjet Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate Heat Used to Vaporize Fluid to Form Bubble/Eject Drop Prints Aqueous Base and UV Curable Fluids Home, Office and Wide Format Printers Prints @ 4800 x 1200 dpi (Porous Substrate) Raster Print Head to Stitch Print Image Head Life Approximately 3 Liters

Drop On Demand – Thermal Inkjet

Every Drop Ejected Hits Substrate

Heat Used to Vaporize Fluid to Form Bubble/Eject Drop

Prints Aqueous Base and UV Curable Fluids

Home, Office and Wide Format Printers

Prints @ 4800 x 1200 dpi (Porous Substrate)

Raster Print Head to Stitch Print Image

Head Life Approximately 3 Liters

What Constitutes an Inkjet Ink Resin Forms Finished Ink Film and Responsible for Carrying Colorant Provides Properties Like Adhesion, Abrasion Resistance, Ultra- Violet Resistance Colorant Dye – Transparent, Bad UV Stability, Bad Heat Stability, Stays in Solution Pigment – Opaque, Good UV Stability, Good Weather Resistance, Flocculates Inkjet Inks

What Constitutes an Inkjet Ink

Resin

Forms Finished Ink Film and Responsible for Carrying Colorant

Provides Properties Like Adhesion, Abrasion Resistance, Ultra- Violet Resistance

Colorant

Dye – Transparent, Bad UV Stability, Bad Heat Stability, Stays in Solution

Pigment – Opaque, Good UV Stability, Good Weather Resistance, Flocculates

Inkjet Inks What Constitutes an Inkjet Ink Solvent Enables Resin-Pigment Mixture to be Transferred to the Substrate During Printing. The Choice of Solvent Will Determine Dry Time of Ink Additives Substances Added in Small Amounts for Flexibility, Improved Flow, Dot Formation, Pigment Stability, etc

What Constitutes an Inkjet Ink

Solvent

Enables Resin-Pigment Mixture to be Transferred to the Substrate During Printing. The Choice of Solvent Will Determine Dry Time of Ink

Additives

Substances Added in Small Amounts for Flexibility, Improved Flow, Dot Formation, Pigment Stability, etc

Principles of Operation DOD – Micro Solenoid Solenoid Coil Actuates Magnetic Plunger Rod Manifold Contains Fluid Under Pressure Drops Formed By Opening/Closing Plunger Stainless Steel/Rubber Materials Calibrated to Obtain Uniform Drop Size Serviceable Print Head Viscosity 1 to 10 cP

DOD – Micro Solenoid

Solenoid Coil Actuates Magnetic Plunger Rod

Manifold Contains Fluid Under Pressure

Drops Formed By Opening/Closing Plunger

Stainless Steel/Rubber Materials

Calibrated to Obtain Uniform Drop Size

Serviceable Print Head

Viscosity 1 to 10 cP

Principles of Operation CIJ – Continuous Inkjet PZT Ceramic Electrically Excited to Modulate Fluid 60 kHz to 100 kHz Drop Modulation Drops Charged to Deflect Onto Substrate Single or Multiple Nozzles Used High Velocity Due to High Pressure Control Loop for Fluid Management Viscosity 1 to 10 cP

CIJ – Continuous Inkjet

PZT Ceramic Electrically Excited to Modulate Fluid

60 kHz to 100 kHz Drop Modulation

Drops Charged to Deflect Onto Substrate

Single or Multiple Nozzles Used

High Velocity Due to High Pressure

Control Loop for Fluid Management

Viscosity 1 to 10 cP

Principles of Operation DOD – Piezo Ceramic Impulse PZT Material Squeezes to Form Drop Out Gravity Feed Fluid Delivery Fragile & Propensity to De-prime Heated Chamber to Regulate Fluid Viscosity Non-Serviceable Print Head Viscosity 5 to 20 cP

DOD – Piezo Ceramic Impulse

PZT Material Squeezes to Form Drop Out

Gravity Feed Fluid Delivery

Fragile & Propensity to De-prime

Heated Chamber to Regulate Fluid Viscosity

Non-Serviceable Print Head

Viscosity 5 to 20 cP

Principles of Operation TIJ – Thermal Inkjet Nozzle Heater Element Vaporizes Fluid to Form Drop Typically Self Contained Print Head/Manifold Most Can Be Refilled – OEM’s May Prohibit This Act Heads Last Longer When Always Wet Traditionally Throw-away Print Head Design Viscosity 1 to 5 cP

TIJ – Thermal Inkjet

Nozzle Heater Element Vaporizes Fluid to Form Drop

Typically Self Contained Print Head/Manifold

Most Can Be Refilled – OEM’s May Prohibit This Act

Heads Last Longer When Always Wet

Traditionally Throw-away Print Head Design

Viscosity 1 to 5 cP

Fluid Properties for Inkjet Technologies Critical Application Considerations Select Print Head Technology for Chemical Compatibility Viscosity Range Drop Volume Delivery Number of Nozzles Required Life of Print Head Match Fluid Delivery System with Fluids Re-circulate, Air Over Fluid or Gravity Feed Be Careful of Fluid Tubing Lengths

Critical Application Considerations

Select Print Head Technology for

Chemical Compatibility

Viscosity Range

Drop Volume Delivery

Number of Nozzles Required

Life of Print Head

Match Fluid Delivery System with Fluids

Re-circulate, Air Over Fluid or Gravity Feed

Be Careful of Fluid Tubing Lengths

Future Developments Keep an Eye Out! Many Variables Influence Print Performance Inkjet is a Blend of Black Art and Science Over 3,500 Patents Exist in the Inkjet World Today Europe Has a Strong Focus on Environmentally Friendly Fluids The Term Eco-Fluids is Used = Economy not Environment MEMS is Helping Lower Print Head Cost It’s a Razor/Razor Blade Business Emerging Markets Will Shadow Traditional Within 10 Years

Keep an Eye Out!

Many Variables Influence Print Performance

Inkjet is a Blend of Black Art and Science

Over 3,500 Patents Exist in the Inkjet World Today

Europe Has a Strong Focus on Environmentally Friendly Fluids

The Term Eco-Fluids is Used = Economy not Environment

MEMS is Helping Lower Print Head Cost

It’s a Razor/Razor Blade Business

Emerging Markets Will Shadow Traditional Within 10 Years

Traditional & Emerging Applications Traditional Mark & Code Onto Food & Drug Packaging Apply Text, Date, Time and Bar Codes (Non Contact) On Demand “Born on Date” Code (Budweiser) Fast Print Code Changeover Low Cost (10 Character Inkjet Code = 1/100 th of 1¢ or less $15 Billion Dollar Industry

Traditional

Mark & Code Onto Food & Drug Packaging

Apply Text, Date, Time and Bar Codes (Non Contact)

On Demand “Born on Date” Code (Budweiser)

Fast Print Code Changeover

Low Cost (10 Character Inkjet Code = 1/100 th of 1¢ or less

$15 Billion Dollar Industry

Traditional & Emerging Applications Emerging Gray-scale Print Quality for Industrial Markers 6 Axis Robot Integration Micro Fabrication of Parts From Solid Model CAD Print Electronic Paper, Flexible Circuits or Antennas Bio Printing Applications Protein Analysis, DNA Sampling, Blood Testing, Tissue Engineering, Quantum Dots, Organ Scaffold, Chemical Analyzers Semiconductors OLED & PLED Displays, Transistors, MEMS Transducers and Sensors

Emerging

Gray-scale Print Quality for Industrial Markers

6 Axis Robot Integration

Micro Fabrication of Parts From Solid Model CAD

Print Electronic Paper, Flexible Circuits or Antennas

Bio Printing Applications

Protein Analysis, DNA Sampling, Blood Testing, Tissue Engineering, Quantum Dots, Organ Scaffold, Chemical Analyzers

Semiconductors

OLED & PLED Displays, Transistors, MEMS Transducers and Sensors

Traditional & Emerging Applications Emerging Print Polymer Based Fiber Networks (Network Routers/Hubs) Custom Decal and Decoration for Textiles, Furniture or Durable Goods Synthesize Flavors and Aromas on Demand Texturing of Material Surfaces Estimate $20+ Billion Dollar Industry by 2015

Emerging

Print Polymer Based Fiber Networks (Network Routers/Hubs)

Custom Decal and Decoration for Textiles, Furniture or Durable Goods

Synthesize Flavors and Aromas on Demand

Texturing of Material Surfaces

Estimate $20+ Billion Dollar Industry by 2015

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD) Ability to Use Conventional Print Heads Real Change is Software & Electronic Drivers (Print Engine) Example of Taking the Conventional & Revitalizing It Print engine developed by Matthews Australasia P/L www.matthews.com.au contact: lanichol@matthews.com.au

Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD)

Ability to Use Conventional Print Heads

Real Change is Software & Electronic Drivers (Print Engine)

Example of Taking the Conventional & Revitalizing It

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD) Traditional Line Printing – No Depth

Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD)

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD) Emerging Technology – Shading to Add Depth

Industrial Gray-scale Printing (Micro-solenoid DOD)

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Industrial Printing Using 6 Axis Robot Replace Conventional Stenciling Method Clean, Fast & Automated Printing for Industrial Application Every Drop of Ink is Deposited on the Substrate No Overspray, Satisfies OCHA Safety Regulations Possible Applications: Stencil Printer for Stacked Material Model Construction by Scaffolding Layers of Resin/Bio Material Printing Billboards onto the Most Unusual Substrates

Industrial Printing Using 6 Axis Robot

Replace Conventional Stenciling Method

Clean, Fast & Automated Printing for Industrial Application

Every Drop of Ink is Deposited on the Substrate

No Overspray, Satisfies OCHA Safety Regulations

Possible Applications:

Stencil Printer for Stacked Material

Model Construction by Scaffolding Layers of Resin/Bio Material

Printing Billboards onto the Most Unusual Substrates

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Electronics RFID Tags OLED & PLED Flat Screen Manufacturing Electronic Circuits Transistors MEMS Devices Electronic Paper

Electronics

RFID Tags

OLED & PLED

Flat Screen Manufacturing

Electronic Circuits

Transistors

MEMS Devices

Electronic Paper

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Biomedical Protein Analysis DNA Sampling Blood Testing Tissue Engineering Quantum Dots Organ Scaffold Chemical Analyzers

Biomedical

Protein Analysis

DNA Sampling

Blood Testing

Tissue Engineering

Quantum Dots

Organ Scaffold

Chemical Analyzers

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples 3D Model & Prototyping Rapid Engineering Development Reduce Errors, Time & Cost Test Market Without High Cost “ See to Believe” Concepts CAM – Screen to Machine

3D Model & Prototyping

Rapid Engineering Development

Reduce Errors, Time & Cost

Test Market Without High Cost

“ See to Believe” Concepts

CAM – Screen to Machine

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Non Contact Decoration & Texture Ability to Enhance Low Quality Materials Allows Purchase of Low Cost Materials Use of More Recycled Materials Creative Ways to Increase Profit Margins

Non Contact Decoration & Texture

Ability to Enhance Low Quality Materials

Allows Purchase of Low Cost Materials

Use of More Recycled Materials

Creative Ways to Increase Profit Margins

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples High Definition Decoration & Art Revitalize Traditional Markets Think “Outside the Box” Casket images released with approval of Artcaskets.com F&F Metal Products Inc Contact Gail Morgan 903-454-9637

High Definition Decoration & Art

Revitalize Traditional Markets

Think “Outside the Box”

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Aroma Jetting for Value Perception Smell is the New Dimension in Marketing Products Scents Used to Enhance Product Perceived Value Scent Can be Mixed With Ink = One Product Range from New Car Smell, Band-Aids to All Varieties of Fruit Scent Invoices Using Aromatherapy to Calm Down Customers Enhance Video Game Experience

Aroma Jetting for Value Perception

Smell is the New Dimension in Marketing Products

Scents Used to Enhance Product Perceived Value

Scent Can be Mixed With Ink = One Product

Range from New Car Smell, Band-Aids to All Varieties of Fruit

Scent Invoices Using Aromatherapy to Calm Down Customers

Enhance Video Game Experience

Emerging Inkjet Markets Examples Many More Applications Waiting to be Discovered Think Creatively on How to Use Technology Partner With Other Companies Offer Turnkey Solutions Take Advantage of Others Expertise Creative Brainstorming & Cross Marketing Opportunities Global Markets Demand Innovation Success Breeds Success

Many More Applications Waiting to be Discovered

Think Creatively on How to Use Technology

Partner With Other Companies

Offer Turnkey Solutions

Take Advantage of Others Expertise

Creative Brainstorming & Cross Marketing Opportunities

Global Markets Demand Innovation

Success Breeds Success

End of Presentation. Dean A. Hornsby Digital Printing Specialist Pittsburgh, PA Contact : [email_address]