Essential English

Classroom Rules 매일 수업 시간에 영어책 , 노트 , 연필 , 지우개를 가져오세요 Bring your English book, notebook, pencil and eraser to class everyday.

Classroom Rules 자기 것이 아닌 물건은 만지지 마세요 . 손을 자신에게 두세요 . Do not touch things that do not belong to you. Keep your hands to yourself.

Classroom Rules 몸을 깨끗이 하세요 . Clean up after yourself. 나갈 때 의자를 밀어 넣으세요 . Push your chair in when you leave.

Classroom Rules 선생님한테 " 배고파요 , 목말라요 , 사탕주세요 , 샌드위치주세요 , 물주세요 , 커피주 세요 , 주세요 " 라고 하지 마세요 Do not complain to the teacher, “ I am hungry, thirsty, give me candy, give me sandwich, give me water, give me coffee, give me, give me, give me…” 이건 버릇없어요 . This is not polite.

Classroom Rules 선생님 허락 없이 영어 교실에 들어가지 마세요 . No students allowed in English classroom without a teacher.

Classroom Rules 선생님 책상 뒤로 가지 마세요 . Do not go behind the teachers’ desk. No Teacher? No Students!

Essential English Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Essential English

Alphabet game

Pick teams

Each team pick one writer

Everyone come up with as many words as you can for each letter of the Alphabet

Speak very quietly, or the other team will hear your words! You have TEN minutes.

Essential English Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Apple Banana Cat Dog Elephant April Bear Cow December English __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj February George House Indian January __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Kangaroo Little Month November October __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Pirate Queen Radio Snake Tuesday __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Unicorn Violin Wednesday X-ray Yellow __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English Phonics “ TH” sound

Essential English Whats this? Three

Essential English Whats this? Thumb

Essential English Whats this? Thunder (and lightning)

Essential English Whats this? Mouth

Essential English Whats this? Moth

Essential English Whats this? Earth

Essential English Whats this? Tooth

Essential English Whats this? Thread

Essential English Whats this? Bath

Essential English Whats this? Thorn

Essential English Phonics “ SH” sound

Essential English Whats this? Sheep

Essential English Whats this? Shell

Essential English Whats this? Shirt

Essential English Whats this? Shoe

Essential English Whats this? Shadow

Essential English Whats this? Shelf

Essential English Whats this? Shark

Essential English Whats this? Fish

Essential English Whats this? Wash

Essential English Whats this? Push

Essential English Plurals

Essential English Word Plurals chairs

Essential English Word Plurals ducks

Essential English Word Plurals books

Essential English Word Plurals balls

Essential English Word Plurals grapes

Essential English Word Plurals pencils

Essential English Word Plurals boxes

Essential English Word Plurals foxes

Essential English Word Plurals toothbrushes

Essential English Word Plurals watches

Essential English Word Plurals glasses

Essential English Word Plurals B uses

Essential English Word Plurals monkeys

Essential English Word Plurals baby

Essential English Word Plurals puppy

Essential English Word Plurals candies

Essential English Word Plurals keys

Essential English Word Plurals boys

Essential English Position Phrases

Essential English The cat is in the box.

Essential English The cat is on the box.

Essential English The cat is in front of the box.

Essential English The cat is beside the box.

Essential English The cat is behind the box.

Essential English The cat is under the box.

Essential English The cat is between the boxes.

Essential English The cat is jumping over the box.

Essential English Compound Words

Essential English Each picture has a name say each picture word and you find the compound word

Essential English

조 지 Jo-ji George English Study Book

Essential English Numbers

Essential English

One 6 Six

Two 7 Seven

Three 8 Eight

Four 9 Nine

Five 10 Ten

Essential English

Eleven 16 Sixteen

Twelve 17 Seventeen

Thirteen 18 Eighteen

Fourteen 19 Nineteen

Fifteen 20 Twenty

Essential English 21 Twenty-one 40 Forty 22 Twenty-two 50 Fifty 23 Twenty-three 60 Sixty 24 Twenty-four 70 Seventy 25 Twenty-five 80 Eighty 26 Twenty-six 90 Ninety 27 Twenty-seven 28 Twenty-eight 29 Twenty-nine 30 Thirty

Essential English

One Hundred

1,000 One Thousand

10,000 Ten Thousand

100,000 One Hundred Thousand

1,000,000 One Million

1,000,000,000 One Billion

1,000,000,000,000 One Trillion

Essential English Ordinal Numbers

Essential English 1 st First 11 th Eleventh 2 nd Second 12 th Twelfth 3 rd Third 13 th Thirteenth 4 th Fourth 14 th Fourteenth 5 th Fifth 15 th Fifteenth 6 th Sixth 16 th Sixteenth 7 th Seventh 17 th Seventeenth 8 th Eighth 18 th Eighteenth 9 th Ninth 19 th Nineteenth 10 th Tenth 20 th Twentieth

Essential English 21 st Twenty-first 22 nd Twenty-second 23 rd Twenty-third 24 th Twenty-fourth 25 th Twenty-fifth 26 th Twenty-sixth 27 th Twenty-seventh 28 th Twenty-eighth 29 th Twenty-ninth 30 th Thirtieth

Essential English 40 th Fortieth 50 th Fiftieth 60 th Sixtieth 70 th Seventieth 80 th Eightieth 90 th Ninetieth 100 th One Hundredth

Essential English English quiz answers Thank you ( 감사합니다 ) You’re Welcome ( 괜찮아요 ) ( 재미있어요 ) It’s Fun!

Essential English Calendar

Essential English Months of the Year 1 January 2 February 3 March 4 April 5 May 6 June

Essential English Months of the Year 7 July 8 August 9 September 10 October 11 November 12 December

Essential English Days of the week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Essential English

1. How old are you?

I am _______ years old.

2. When is your birthday?

My birthday is ____________.

3. What grade are you in?

I’m in _______ grade.

4. What’s your favorite color?

My favorite color is ________.

Essential English Yesterday 어제 Today 오늘 Tomorrow 내일 Last week 지난 주 This week 이번 주 Next week 다음 주

Essential English C o l o r s

Essential English Red Red Red apple Stop sign Lady bug strawberry lips

Essential English Orange carrot pumpkin Gold fish fire

Essential English Yellow banana flower bird raincoat corn chick Taxi cab

Essential English Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue bird The sky A blue fish blueberries A shark A butterfly

Essential English Purple Purple Purple Purple

Essential English Green Green Green Green Green

Essential English Brown

Essential English Gray Gray Gray Gray

Essential English Black

Essential English White

Essential English Pink Pink Pink Pink

Essential English Peach

Essential English Silver

Essential English Gold

Essential English

Essential English What color are Tigers? What color are Leopards? What color are Zebras?

Essential English What color are Cows? What color are Clownfish? What color are Ladybugs?

Essential English What color are Dalmations? What color are Bees? What color are Giraffes?

Essential English How to Say the Colors in Many Languages: brun marrón koréechneviy castanho marrone braun brun brown 갈색 svart negro chyórniy preto nero schwarz noir black 검정색 grå gris sériy cinza griio grau gris gray 회색 vit blanco béliy branco bianco weiß blanc white 흰색 rosa rosa, rosado rózoviy cor-de-rosa rosa rosa rose pink 분홍색 lila morado fiolétoviy roxo porpora lila violet purple 보라색 blå azul séeneey azúl azzurro blau bleu blue 파랑색 grön verde zelyóniy verde verde grün vert green 초록색 gul amarillo zhyóltiy amarelo giallo gelb jaune yellow 노랑색 orange anaranjado oránzheviy cor-de-laranja arancione orange orangé orange 주황색 röd rojo krásniy vermelho rosso rot rouge red 빨강색 Swedish Spanish Russian Portuguese Italian German French English 한글

Essential English

Essential English Making Friends Making Conversation

Essential English Hello, My Name is __________, What is your name? Hi, My name’s __________, What’s your name? Hi, I’m __________. What’s your name?

Essential English My Name’s _________, nice to meet you! Nice to meet you, too!

Essential English Greetings Good morning (before 12:00pm) Good afternoon (after 12:00pm) Good evening (after 6:00pm) Good night (going to bed)

Essential English Greetings Hello. How are you? I’m fine thank you, and you?

Essential English Other Greetings How-are-you-doing? “ Howyadoin?” How’s it going? What’s happening? What’s up? What’s going on?

Essential English

How are you?

How are you today?

Fine, thank you/thanks.

Not too bad.

Very well.

I'm okay / all right.

So-so.

Essential English

Not too well, actually.

What's wrong with you?

What's the matter with you?

Are you all right?

I'm tired.

I'm exhausted.

I've got a cold.

Essential English

Good bye.

Bye. / See you.

See you later.

See you soon.

See you again.

See you tomorrow.

See you next week.

Good night.

Essential English Study Book 5

Essential English

How old are you?

I am _______ years old.

When is your birthday?

My birthday is ____________.

What grade are you in?

I’m in _______ grade.

What’s your favorite color?

My favorite color is ________.

Essential English

How tall are you?

I am _______ (feet/inches) tall.

How much do you weigh?

I weigh ____________ pounds.

What school do you go to?

I go to ________ _________ school.

What’s your favorite food?

My favorite food is ________.

Essential English

Where are you from?

I am from _______________.

Where do you live?

I live in ________________.

What is your phone number?

My number is _________________.

What is your e-mail address?

My e-mail is ___________________________.

Essential English

Do you have any pets?

Yes, I have _______________.

No, I don’t have any pets.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

Yes, I have _______________.

No, I don’t have any siblings.

What is your favorite sport?

I like _________________.

I don’t like ______________.

Essential English Who are your friends? My friends are… __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English When is their birthday?? My friends birthdays are… __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Essential English How Old are your friends??? My friends are… __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ … years old.

Essential English Study Book 6

Essential English Thank-you. You’re welcome (My pleasure) kam sa hamnida ( 감사합니다 ) guen chun nay oh( 괜찮아요 ) Excuse me (Pardon me) No problem ( 괜찮아요 ) Sil ay hamnida ( 실례합니다 ) Bless you! ( 죄송합니다 ) Thank-you ( 감사합니다 ) I’m sorry ( 죄송합니다 ) It’s okay ( 괜찮아요 ) Do you understand? I don’t understand I understand Mo-lah-yo ( 몰라요 ) Eye-lah-oh ( 알아요 )

Essential English BIG little words Who? 누구세요 What ? 뭐예요 Where ? 어디 When ? 언제 Why ? 왜요 How ? 어떻게

Essential English BIG little words Who made this mess? What are you doing? Where are you going? When is this class over? Why do I have to study English? How is the weather?

Essential English BIG little words How far? How many? 몇개예요 ? How much? 얼마예요 ? Where is? 어디있습니까 ? What’s this? 이건뭐에요 ?

Essential English BIG little words I’m busy now. Na pah bayo. 나 바빠요 . Don’t do that! Gu ro ji ma! 그러지마 ! Look at me! Yo gi Buy oh! 여기봐요 ! Come here. E lee hwa yo. 이리와요 . Listen Carefully! Chal du loh bo say yo 잘들어 보세요 !

Essential English

Essential English I’m Lost! Excuse me, can you help me… Where is…

Essential English Go Strait Turn Right Left Near Next to Behind In front of Between

Essential English Go strait (through the door) Go up ( 위로가다 ) /Go down ( 아래로가다 ) Turn left ( 왼쪽으로돌다 )/ turn right ( 오른쪽으로돌다 ) Far ( 멀리 )/ near ( 근처에 ) Next to ( 다음에또 ) Across from ( 가로지르는곳 ) Around the corner ( 코너를돌다 ) Behind In front of Between

Essential English

Asking and Giving Directions

How do I get to ...?

What's the best way to ...?

Where is ...?

Go straight ahead (until you come to ...)

Turn left/right

Take the first/second road on the left/right

It's on the left/right

Essential English Family

Essential English

Members of a Family

Father, dad, daddy (Apa) 엄마

Mother, mom , mommy (Oma) 아빠

1 parent

2 parents

1 child

2 children

son (Namja) 남자

daughter (Yoja) 여자

brother (Opa) 오빠

sister (Nuna) 누나

Pets (Dog, cat)

Essential English

Members of a Family

Grandfather, granddad , grandpa (Haraboji) 할아버지

Grandmother, grandma , granny (Haramoni) 할머니

grandson

granddaughter

grandchild

uncle (Samchun) 삼촌

aunt (Emo) 이모

cousin

nephew (sachun jo ka) 사촌

niece (Sachun) 조카

Essential English

Members of a Family

Grandfather, granddad , grandpa (Haraboji)

Grandmother, grandma , granny (Haramoni)

grandson

granddaughter

grandchild

uncle (Samchun)

aunt (Imo)

cousin

nephew (Sachun)

niece (Sachun)

Essential English

Members of a Family

boyfriend

girlfriend

fiancé

fiancée

bride

groom, bridegroom

wife

husband

spouse

Essential English

Members of a Family

father-in-law

mother-in-law

parents-in-law

son-in-law

daughter-in-law

brother-in-law

sister-in-law

godfather

godmother

godson

goddaughter

godchild

Essential English Body Parts

Essential English Body Parts Skin Head , hair, forehead, face, forehead, cheeks, chin, jaw, Ears, earlobes Eyes, eyelashes, eyebrows Nose, nostrils Mouth, 1 tooth; 2 teeth, gums, tongue, lips Neck , throat, adam’s apple Shoulders, underarms Arms , biceps, elbows, forearms, wrists, hands, palms, fingers, fingernails, knuckles, thumbs, fists Torso , breast (chest), ribcage, bellybutton, abdomen (stomach), groin, back, spine, waist, hips, buttocks, (private parts) Legs , thigh, knees, 1 calf: 2 calves, ankles, 1 foot; 2 feet, heels, sole, toes, toenails

Essential English Body Parts

Essential English Clothes

Essential English

Essential English Clothing Underwear Panties Briefs, Boxers Shirt Blouse T-shirt Sweater Jeans (Pants) Dress Shorts Skirt (Mini-skirt) Socks Stockings Slippers, Sandals Boots, Sneakers, Shoes High heels Coat (hood), Jacket, Scarf, Gloves, Mittens, Earmuffs, Hat

Essential English Time

Essential English

Essential English 8:00 Eight O’clock

Essential English

Essential English 7:15 Seven fifteen / Quarter past Seven

Essential English

Essential English 6:30 Six thirty Half past six

Essential English

Essential English 8:45 Eight forty-five Quarter to Nine

Essential English 2:30 9:30 6:30 8:45

Essential English USA Money

Essential English American Money One Penny One Cent $0.01 Abraham Lincoln Lincoln Memorial

Essential English American Money One Nickel Five Cents $0.05 Thomas Jefferson Monticello

Essential English American Money One Dime Ten Cents $0.10 Franklin D. Roosevelt torch, oak branch, olive branch

Essential English American Money One Quarter Twenty-five Cents $0.25 George Washington American Eagle (Before 1999)

Essential English American Money New Quarter back After 1999

Essential English American Money New Quarter back

Essential English American Money New Quarter back 2007 Montana Washington Idaho Wyoming Utah 2008 Oklahoma New Mexico Arizona Alaska Hawaii http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Quarters

Essential English American Money One Half-dollar Fifty Cents $0.50 John F. Kennedy The Great Seal of the President of the United States

Essential English American Money One Dollar One hundred Cents $1.00 Sacagawea Eagle in flight

Essential English American Money

Essential English Pets

Essential English Opposites

Essential English

Big

Essential English

Small

Essential English

Small and Big are opposites

Essential English

A turtle is slow

What is the opposite of slow?

Essential English

Fast

A rabbit is fast

Essential English

Essential English More opposites Win Lose Heads Tails Boy Girl Buy Sell Light Dark Stand Sit White Black Easy Hard Begin End Winter Summer Start Finish Low High

Essential English Pets

Essential English Dog

Essential English Cat

Essential English Fish

Essential English Rabbit

Essential English Bird

Essential English Hamster

Essential English Guinea Pig

Essential English One Mouse, Two Mice

Essential English Horse

Essential English Turtle

Essential English Lizard

Essential English Gecko

Essential English Iguana

Essential English Snakes

Essential English Pig / piglets

Essential English Chicken Hen Rooster

Essential English Goat

Essential English Sheep

Essential English Cow

Essential English Animals A to Z

Essential English Alligator

Essential English Bear

Essential English Camel Cheetah

Essential English Deer Donkey Duck

Essential English Elephant

Essential English Fox

Essential English Gorilla Giraffe

Essential English Hippopotamus

Essential English Insect

Essential English Jellyfish

Essential English Kangaroo Koala

Essential English Lion

Essential English Monkey Mosquito

Essential English Newt

Essential English Owl Octopus

Essential English Penguin Panda

Essential English Quail

Essential English Raccoon Rhinoceros

Essential English Shark

Essential English Tiger

Essential English Urial

Essential English Vampire bat Viper

Essential English Walrus

Essential English Wasp

Essential English X

Essential English Yak

Essential English Zebra

Wow! Pets

Essential English I like… I don’t like…

Essential English

Essential English spiders cake cheese

Essential English

Shop Assistant

Can I help you?

What can I do for you?

Are you being helped ?

Sorry, we don't sell stamps.

Anything else?

It's on sale.

Buy two for the price of one.

Essential English

Shop Assistant

How much / many would you like?

What size do you take?

Sorry, we are out of bread .

Would you like to try it on?

The fitting room is over there.

Pay at the cash desk please.

That's 20 euros/euro altogether .

You don't happen to have any change , do you?

Here's your change.

Essential English

Customer

I need ...

I'd like a bottle of milk, please.

Have you got souvenirs ?

Do you sell stamps?

Where can I buy post cards?

Where can I get a film for my camera?

Where can I find newspapers?

Are these bottles returnable ?

It doesn't fit me.

I don't like it.

It's too small / big / wide / tight / expensive .

Essential English

Customer

Have you got this in another size / color?

May I try this on, please?

Where can I try this on, please?

How much is it?

That's all.

Where is the cash desk / till?

Could I get a receipt , please?

Could I get a (plastic) bag, please?

(I'm afraid/ Sorry) I don't have any change .

Do you accept credit cards?

Essential English

Appearance

I am / You are / He is / She is …

tall

small

overweight, fat

slim

young

old

… years old.

beautiful / pretty (Girl)

handsome (Boy)

sun-tanned

pale

Essential English

Appearance

I have / You have / He has / She has (got) …

blue / green / grey / brown eyes

freckles

a beard

a full beard

a moustache

a goatee

a stubbly beard

blond hair, red hair, brown hair, black hair

dyed hair

blond highlights

short hair, long hair

straight hair, curly hair / curls

a bald head

a square / round / triangular / oval face

a big / small / long nose

big / small ears

Essential English

Clothing and Accessories

I wear / You wear / He wears / She wears …

glasses

contact lenses

I am wearing / You are wearing / He/She is wearing …

earrings

a necklace

a wristband

a bracelet

a cap

a red scarf

a tie

Essential English

Character

I am / You are / He is / She is …

shy

quiet

lively

active

easygoing

outgoing

nice

friendly

funny

happy

annoying

sad

aggressive

a pain in the neck

a little chatter box

Essential English

What’s this? What’s that?

Essential English

It’s a pencil

Essential English

It’s an eraser

Essential English

It’s a pencil sharpener

Essential English

It’s a “sharp” pencil

Essential English

5 Senses

I see with my eyes I touch with my fingers I hear with my ears I smell with my nose I taste with my tongue

Essential English

5 Senses

Essential English

5 Senses

Essential English

5 Senses

Essential English

5 Senses

Essential English

5 Senses

Essential English

5 Senses

Sight seeing eyes Touch feeling fingers Hear listening ears Smell smelling nose Taste tasting tongue

Essential English

5 Senses

Sight

Essential English

I see with my eyes

What do you see?

Essential English

5 Senses

Sight

Essential English

5 Senses

Sight Activity

Two volunteers

Throw bean bag back and forth five times.

Blindfold each volunteer

Now, try to throw the beanbag so your partner catches it.

Essential English

5 Senses

Sight

1. Sight is the one sense used most often to learn about the world.

2. Behavior changes when one sense is taken away.

Essential English

5 Senses

Hearing

1. Ears help us to hear. 2. There are soft and loud sounds.

Essential English

5 Senses

Hearing

Essential English

5 Senses

Hearing activity

Pair up students Give list of descriptions to student A Give paper to student B Student A reads the descriptions Student B writes or draws what he hears Compare pictures

Essential English

5 Senses

Smell

Some things smell good, and some things smell bad…

Essential English

5 Senses

Smell

Essential English

5 Senses

Smell

Name something that you like to smell Name something you do not like to smell

Essential English

5 Senses

Taste

Tongues have tastebuds.

Essential English

5 Senses

Taste

Essential English

5 Senses

Taste

Essential English

5 Senses

Taste Activity

Some things taste… sour or sweet salty or bitter

Essential English

5 Senses

Touch

Some things feel… hard or soft smooth or rough hot or cold sharp or smooth wet or dry

Essential English

5 Senses

Touch

Essential English

5 Senses

Touch

Essential English

5 Senses

Touch Activity

Name something you touch that is cold.

Name something you touch that is Hot.

Name something that is soft.

Name something that is sharp.

Essential English

생일축하합니다 .

생일축하합니다 .

사랑하는 연우

생일 축하합니다 .

Essential English

American Holidays

Essential English

January

New Year's Day: January 1 Martin Luther King, Jr's Birthday : Third Monday in January

Essential English January 1 New Years Day An international celebration celebrating the first day of the gregorian calendar and marks traditional end of the “holiday season” Father Time is a mythical personification of time. He is usually depicted as an elderly bearded man, dressed in a robe, carrying an hourglass or other timekeeping device (representing time's constant movement). In various New Year's Eve customs, Father Time's image is used as the personification of the previous year (or "the Old Year"), who "hands over" the duties of time to the Baby New Year (or "the New Year"). In this case, his old age is emphasized (in particular, he may be depicted walking with the aid of a stick). Champagne toast at midnight, New Years resolutions, and fireworks are traditional activities.

Essential English Third Monday in January Martin Luther King Jr. Day " I have a dream... I have a dream that one day little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today" Each year on the third Monday of January schools, federal offices, post office and banks across America close as we celebrate the birth, the life and the dream of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. It is a time for the nation to remember the injustices that Dr. King fought. A time to remember his fight for the freedom, equality, and dignity of all races and peoples. A time to remember the message of change through nonviolence. Traditionally, This holiday was celebrated on his birthday, January 15th.

Essential English

February

Groundhog Day: February 02 Lincoln's Birthday: February 12 Valentine's Day : February 14 President's Day: Monday, February 20 Washington's Birthday: February 22

Essential English

February

Groundhog Day: February 02

Essential English

February

V alentine's Day, a holiday honoring love and lovers, is celebrated on February 14th.

Essential English Third Monday in February Presidents Day Presidents' Day is the common name for the United States federal holiday officially designated as Washington's Birthday . It is celebrated on the third Monday of February. As the official title of the federal holiday, Washington's Birthday was originally implemented by the federal government in 1880 in the District of Columbia and expanded in 1885 to include all federal offices. As the first federal holiday to honor an American-born citizen, the holiday was celebrated on Washington's birthday, February 22. In 1971 the federal holiday was shifted to the third Monday in February. The theme has expanded the focus of the holiday to honor another February President Abraham Lincoln and often other Presidents of the United States as well. Lincoln's birthday is February 12 and although it was never a federal holiday

Essential English

March

St. Patrick's Day: March 17 Mardi Gras:

Essential English

The History of Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras came to New Orleans through its French heritage in 1699. Early explorers celebrated this French Holiday on the banks of the Mississippi River. Throughout the years, Orleanians have added to the celebration by establishing krewes (organizations) which host parades and balls. Carnival quickly became an exciting holiday for both children and adults.

Mardi Gras means "Fat Tuesday" and of course is celebrated on that day of the week. The date can fall between February 3 and March 9 depending on the Lunar calendar, used by the Catholic Church to determine the date of Easter . Mardi Gras is always 47 days before Easter Sunday .

The official colors for Mardi Gras are purple, green, and gold . These colors were chosen in 1872 by the King of Carnival, Rex. He chose these colors to stand for the following:

Purple represents justice

green stands for faith

gold stands for power

The Mardi Gras season begins on January 6 and continues until Fat Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday . On the Christian calendar, the twelfth day after Christmas is known as "Epiphany", "Twelfth Night", or "Kings Day." It is the day the gift-bearing Magi visited the baby Jesus, and is celebrated with its own unique rituals.

Essential English The History of St. Patricks Day On St. Patrick's Day there are many different customs that people do. One of the most widely known customs is to wear green. One famous saying is that on St. Patrick's Day everybody is Irish . Every year on March 17 more than 100 U.S. cities have a parade for this festive holiday. The largest parade is held in New York City. Another custom takes place in Chicago. The custom is dyeing the Chicago River green. The tradition started in 1962 when some city pollution control workers used dye to trace some illegal sewage discharge and realized that the green dye might provide a unique way to celebrate St. Patrick's Day. On that year they released 100 pounds of green vegetable dye into the river. That much dye made the river green for a whole week. Today only 40 pounds are used so the river stays green for several hours. Another custom is that people dress in green and wear shamrocks. Drinking green beer and reciting Old Irish Blessings are also very popular on St. Patricks Day… May your neighbors respect you, Troubles neglect you, The angels protect you, And Heaven accept you. May you be in Heaven a half hour before the Devil knows you're dead!

Essential English

April

April Fool's Day: April 1 Easter : Sunday, April 16 Earth Day: April 22 Passover (Begins at Sundown*) : April 12 Yom Ha Shoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day): April 25

Essential English

April

T raditions associated with the holiday is the Easter rabbit , a symbol of fertility, and in colored easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in Easter-egg contests. T he Christian celebration of Easter embodies a number of converging traditions with emphasis on the relation of Easter to the Jewish festival of Passover , another name used by Europeans for Easter. Passover is an important feast in the Jewish calendar which is celebrated for 8 days and commemorates the flight and freedom of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt T he early Christians, many of whom were of Jewish origin, were brought up in the Hebrew tradition and regarded Easter as a new feature of the Passover festival, a commemoration of the advent of the Messiah as foretold by the prophets. E aster is observed by the churches of the West on the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or following the spring equinox (March 21). So Easter became a "movable" feast which can occur as early as March 22 or as late as April 25 E aster is at the end of the Lenten season, which covers a forty-six-day period that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends with Easter. The Lenten season itself comprises forty days, as the six Sundays in Lent are not actually a part of Lent. Sundays are considered a commemoration of Easter Sunday and have always been excluded from the Lenten fast. The Lenten season is a period of penitence in preparation for the highest festival of the church year, Easter H oly Week, the last week of Lent, begins its with the observance of Palm Sunday. Palm Sunday takes its name from Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem where the crowds laid palms at his feet. Holy Thursday commemorates the Last Supper, which was held the evening before the Crucifixion. Friday in Holy Week is the anniversary of the Crufixion, the day that Christ was crucified and died on the cross H oly week and the Lenten season end with Easter Sunday, the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ

Essential English

April

April Fools Day

Essential English

May

Cinco de Mayo: May 5 Mother's Day : Sunday, May 14 Memorial Day: Monday, May 29

Essential English

May

May 5th Cinco de Mayo a

Essential English

May

Third Sunday in May Mothers Day a

Essential English Last Monday in May Memorial Day Memorial Day is a United States federal holiday that is observed on the last Monday of May (most recently observed May 29 , 2006 ). It was formerly known as Decoration Day . This holiday commemorates U.S. men and women who have died in military service to their country. It began first to honor Union soldiers who died during the American Civil War . After World War I , it expanded to include those who died in any war or military action. One of the longest standing traditions is the running of the Indianapolis 500 , which has been held in conjunction with Memorial Day since 1911. In addition to remembrance, Memorial Day is also a time for picnics , family gatherings, and sporting events. Some Americans view Memorial Day as the unofficial beginning of summer and Labor Day as the unofficial end of the season.

Essential English

June

Flag Day: June 14 Father's Day : Sunday, June 18

Essential English

July

US Independence Day : July 4

Essential English

July

July 4th Independence Day In the United States , Independence Day , also called the Fourth of July , is a federal holiday celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776 , declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain . Independence Day is commonly associated with parades , barbecues , picnics , baseball games, and various other public and private events celebrating the history and traditions of the U.S. Fireworks have been associated with the Fourth of July since 1777 .

Essential English

August

Essential English

September

Labor Day: Monday, September 4

Essential English First Monday in Septamber Labor Day Labor Day is a United States federal holiday that takes place on the first Monday of September. In 2006, Labor Day will be September 4th . The origins of the American Labor Day can be traced back to the Knights of Labor in the United States and a parade organized by them on September 5 , 1882 in New York City . In 1884 another parade was held, and the Knights passed resolutions to make this an annual event. Labor Day has been celebrated on the first Monday in September in the United States since the 1880s . Labor Day is generally regarded simply as a day of rest and, forms of celebration include picnics , barbecues , fireworks displays , water activities, and public art events. Families with school-age children take it as the last chance to travel before the end of summer . Some teenagers and young adults view it as the last weekend for parties before returning to school .

Essential English

October

Columbus Day: October 09 Halloween : October 31

Essential English 2nd Monday in October Columbus Day Columbus Day falls officially on October 12 and is celebrated on the 2nd Monday in October. The first recorded celebration of Columbus Day in the USA was held by the Tammany Society , also known as the Colombian Order, in New York on October 12 , 1792 , marking the 300th anniversary of Columbus's landing in the Bahamas . Many Italian-Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of Italian-American heritage. The first state celebration was in Colorado in 1905, and in 1937, at the behest of the Knights of Columbus (a Catholic fraternal service organization named for the voyager), President Franklin Delano Roosevelt set aside Columbus Day as a holiday in the United States. Since 1971, the holiday has been commemorated in the U.S. on the second Monday in October. Some Italian-Americans feel pride in the day due to the fact that Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, sailed to the Americas. To some, it is awkward that Italian-Americans celebrate the day since Columbus did sail to the Americas under the name of Spain and not Italy.

Essential English

October

H alloween is one of the oldest holidays with origins going back thousands of years. The holiday we know as Halloween has had many influences from many cultures over the centuries. O n October 31st after the crops were all harvested and stored for the long winter the cooking fires in the homes would be extinguished. The Druids, the Celtic priests, would meet in the hilltop in the dark oak forest (oak trees were considered sacred). The Druids would light new fires and offer sacrifices of crops and animals. As they danced around the the fires, the season of the sun passed and the season of darkness would begin. W hen the morning arrived the Druids would give an ember from their fires to each family who would then take them home to start new cooking fires. These fires would keep the homes warm and free from evil spirits. T he November 1st festival was called Samhain (pronounced "sow-en"). The festival would last for 3 days. Many people would parade in costumes made from the skins and heads of their animals. This festival would become the first Halloween. D uring the first century the Romans invaded Britain. They brought with them many of their festivals and customs. One of these was the festival know as Pomona Day, named for their goddess of fruits and gardens. It was also celebrated around the 1st of November. After hundreds of years of Roman rule the customs of the Celtic's Samhain festival and the Roman Pomona Day mixed becoming 1 major fall holiday. T he next influence came with the spread of the new Christian religion throughout Europe and Britain. In the year 835 AD the Roman Catholic Church would make November 1st a church holiday to honor all the saints. This day was called All Saint's Day, or Hallowmas, or All Hallows. Years later the Church would make November 2nd a holy day. It was called All Souls Day and was to honor the dead. It was celebrated with big bonfires, parades, and people dressing up as saints, angels and devils. B ut the spread of Christianity did not make people forget their early customs. On the eve of All Hallows, Oct. 31, people continued to celebrate the festivals of Samhain and Pomona Day. Over the years the customs from all these holidays mixed. October 31st became known as All Hallow Even, eventually All Hallow's Eve, Hallowe'en, and then - Halloween. T he Halloween we celebrate today includes all of these influences, Pomona Day's apples, nuts, and harvest , the Festival of Samhain's black cats, magic, evil spirits and death, and the ghosts, skeletons and skulls from All Saint's Day and All Soul's Day.

Essential English

November

All Saint's Day: November 1 All Soul's Day: November 2 Veterans Day: November 11 Thanksgiving Day (US) : Thursday, November 23

Essential English November 11th Veterans Day Veterans' Day , formerly called Armistice Day , is the day the United States commemorates the contributions of those who have served in its military. It falls on the anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that ended the First World War . It is celebrated as a federal holiday on 11 November . All major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 with the German signing of the Armistice . Armistice Day was first commemorated in the United States by President Wilson in 1919, and many states made it a legal holiday. Congress passed a resolution in 1926 inviting all Americans to observe the day, and made it a legal holiday nationwide in 1938. The holiday has been observed annually on November 11 since that date - first as Armistice Day, later as Veterans' Day.

Essential English 4th Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day a

Essential English

November

I n 1621, after a hard and devastating first year in the New World the Pilgrim's fall harvest was very successful and plentiful. There was corn, fruits, T he Pilgrims had beaten the odds. They built homes in the wilderness, they raised enough crops to keep them alive during the long coming winter, and they were at peace with their Indian neighbors. Their Governor, William Bradford, proclaimed a day of thanksgiving that was to be shared by all the colonists and the neighboring Native American Indians. T he custom of an annually celebrated thanksgiving, held after the harvest, continued through the years. During the American Revolution (late 1770's) a day of national thanksgiving was suggested by the Continental Congress. I n 1817 New York State adopted Thanksgiving Day as an annual custom. By the middle of the 19th century many other states also celebrated a Thanksgiving Day. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln appointed a national day of thanksgiving. Since then each president has issued a Thanksgiving Day proclamation, usually designating the fourth Thursday of each November as the holiday.

Essential English

December

World Aids Day: December 1 Chanukah (Begins at Sundown*): December 15 Christmas Day : December 25 Kwanzaa : December 26

Essential English

Prepositions of Time, of Place, and to Introduce Objects

One point in time

On is used with days:

I will see you on Monday.

The week begins on Sunday.

At is used with noon, night, midnight, and with the time of day:

My plane leaves at noon.

The movie starts at 6 p.m.

In is used with other parts of the day, with months, with years, with seasons:

He likes to read in the afternoon.

The days are long in August.

The book was published in 1999.

The flowers will bloom in spring.

Essential English

Extended time

To express extended time, English uses the following prepositions: since, for, by, from—to, from-until, during,(with)in

She has been gone since yesterday. (She left yesterday and has not returned.)

I'm going to Paris for two weeks. (I will spend two weeks there.)

The movie showed from August to October. (Beginning in August and ending in October.)

The decorations were up from spring until fall. (Beginning in spring and ending in fall.)

I watch TV during the evening. (For some period of time in the evening.)

We must finish the project within a year. (No longer than a year.)

Essential English

Place

To express notions of place, English uses the following prepositions: to talk about the point itself: in , to express something contained: inside , to talk about the surface: on , to talk about a general vicinity, at . For more detail, see our handouts on Prepositions of Location and Prepositions of Direction .

There is a wasp in the room.

Put the present inside the box.

I left your keys on the table.

She was waiting at the corner.

Essential English

Higher than a point

To express notions of an object being higher than a point, English uses the following prepositions: over, above . For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .

He threw the ball over the roof.

Hang that picture above the couch.

Lower than a point

To express notions of an object being lower than a point, English uses the following prepositions: under, underneath, beneath, below. For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .

The rabbit burrowed under the ground.

The child hid underneath the blanket.

We relaxed in the shade beneath the branches.

The valley is below sea-level.

Close to a point

To express notions of an object being close to a point, English uses the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among, opposite . For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .

She lives near the school.

There is an ice cream shop by the store.

An oak tree grows next to my house

The house is between Elm Street and Maple Street.

I found my pen lying among the books.

The bathroom is opposite that room.

To introduce objects of verbs

English uses the following prepositions to introduce objects of the following verbs.

At: glance, laugh, look, rejoice, smile, stare

She took a quick glance at her reflection. ( exception with mirror : She took a quick glance in the mirror.)

You didn't laugh at his joke.

I'm looking at the computer monitor.

We rejoiced at his safe rescue.

That pretty girl smiled at you.

Stop staring at me.

Of: approve, consist, smell

I don't approve of his speech.

My contribution to the article consists of many pages.

He came home smelling of alcohol.

Of (or about): dream, think

I dream of finishing college in four years.

Can you think of a number between one and ten?

I am thinking about this problem.

For: call, hope, look, wait, watch, wish

Did someone call for a taxi?

He hopes for a raise in salary next year.

I'm looking for my keys.

We'll wait for her here.

You go buy the tickets and I'll watch for the train.

If you wish for an "A" in this class, you must work hard.

Essential English

Higher than a point

To express notions of an object being higher than a point, English uses the following prepositions: over, above . For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .

He threw the ball over the roof.

Hang that picture above the couch.

Lower than a point

To express notions of an object being lower than a point, English uses the following prepositions: under, underneath, beneath, below. For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .

The rabbit burrowed under the ground.

The child hid underneath the blanket.

We relaxed in the shade beneath the branches.

The valley is below sea-level.

Essential English

Close to a point

To express notions of an object being close to a point, English uses the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among, opposite . For more detail, see our handout on Prepositions of Spatial Relationship .