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Confined Space Rescue Awareness
An Overview of Confined Space Rescue
1
EPC of JIC Cooling Plant 098-C58
Course Objectives
• Provide the attendee with the basic understanding of the requirements of Confined
Space Rescue so that the attendee can go to the next step of becoming fully trained
in Confined Space Rescue.
• Review of why Confined Spaces can be dangerous.
• Review of the 3 rescue techniques
1. Non-entry
2. Entry by Others
3. Entry by Trained employees from the company
• Review the PPE – Personal Protective Equipment that may be required for
Confined Space Entry.
• Look at Response Time and importance of Response time.
• Become familiar with some of the Rescue Equipment that may be required in a CS
Rescue.
• Review the importance of Lockout Tagout or elimination and removal of potential
hazards.
• Review key points associated with a Confined Space Rescue Plan.
2
Disclaimer
“This material was produced under Grant
SH-21000-10-60-F-29 from the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of
Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the
views or policies of the U.S. Department
of Labor, nor does mention of trade
names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.”
3
You have the right to a safe workplace
You have the right to a safe workplace. The Occupational Safety and
Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct) was passed to prevent workers from
being killed or seriously harmed at work.
The law requires that employers provide their employees with
working conditions that are free of known dangers. The Act created
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which
sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards.
OSHA also provides information, training and assistance to workers
and employers.
Workers may file a complaint to have OSHA inspect their workplace
if they believe that their employer is not following OSHA standards
or there are serious hazards.
4
Workers' rights under the OSH Act
Workers are entitled to working conditions that do not pose a
risk of serious harm. To help assure a safe and healthful
workplace, OSHA also provides workers with the right to:
Receive information and training about hazards, methods to
prevent harm, and the OSHA standards that apply to their
workplace. The training must be in a language you can understand;
Observe testing that is done to find hazards in the workplace and
get test results;
Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses;
Get copies of their medical records;
Request OSHA to inspect their workplace; and
Use their rights under the law free from retaliation and
discrimination.
http://www.osha.gov/workers.html
5
This Presentation
• This presentation is not designed to certify or
train you on Confined Space Rescue.
• Confined Space Rescue training and certification
should only be completed by the authorization of
your company.
• This program is designed as an Awareness
Training session.
6
Technical Rescue Awareness
The difference
between a hero and a
fool is training.
City of Anderson, SC - Fire Department
7
8
Let’s Review for a Moment
Are Confined Spaces Dangerous?
• According to a report from the Canadian Centre
for Occupational Health and Safety
(www.ccohs.ca):
• Many workers are injured and killed each year while working in
confined spaces. An estimated 60% of the fatalities have been
among the would-be rescuers.
9
Emergency RescueEmergency Rescue
 Emergency rescue teams must
be available while authorized
entrants are in the confined
space.
 Deaths often occur during
rescue. Employees attempt to
rescue an entrant without the
proper training and then get
caught themselves in the
confined space.
10
Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques
There are 3 types of rescue techniques:There are 3 types of rescue techniques:
1.1. NonNon--entryentry
2.2. Entry by othersEntry by others
3.3. Entry by Trained employees from theEntry by Trained employees from the
companycompany
11
Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques
1. Non-entry –
Rescue that is
conducted without
entry into the
confined space. This
can be conducted by
such means as a
rope or winch.
12
Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques
2. Entry by others –
some companies do not
have trained personnel
for emergency rescue.
They depend on others
to conduct emergency
rescues such as the Fire
Department.
13
Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques
2. Entry by others
continued – in this case
the Fire Department
would need:
14
•• To be familiar with the types of confined spaces located in theTo be familiar with the types of confined spaces located in the
facility,facility,
•• the hazards they may encounter,the hazards they may encounter,
•• the entry means into the confined spaces,the entry means into the confined spaces,
•• the types of rescue equipment to effect a rescue andthe types of rescue equipment to effect a rescue and
•• the types of PPE required for any potential rescue.the types of PPE required for any potential rescue.
Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques
3. Entry by Trained employees from the company – some
companies have trained personnel within the company
to conduct rescues. In this case:
• All members of the team must be specially trained in
confined space rescue work,
15
• The team must have at least
one member certified in CPR
and first aid,
• All members of the team must
be trained in the techniques
and equipment for specific
confined spaces.
Emergency RescueEmergency Rescue
 If a rescue is required, the rescue
service must close off the area, get
authorized entrants out of the
space and perform first aid when
needed.
 It is best to use a retrieval system
to bring the employee out of the
space. Never enter the space
without proper training and unless
it is necessary.
 Authorized entrants should wear
harnesses connected to the
retrieval line. The retrieval
equipment must be in place before
employees enter the permit space.
16
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
 One of the most important components of PPE in a
confined space is a respirator.
 All respirators must be fit tested prior to use.
 Cleaning the respirator after each use will help
disinfect it.
17
 Before each use of the
respirator, it must be
inspected to make
sure that there are no
cracks, holes, signs of
wear or loose
connections.
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
• Other forms of PPE
can include hard
hats, safety glasses,
clothing that protects
the torso against
chemicals, fires and
other hazards, as
well as gloves and
safety shoes that
protect the hands and
feet from various
hazards.
18
19
Let’s Take a Look at Response
Time
Defining Response Time
• Reaction Time
• Contact Time
• Response Time
• Assessment Time
• Preparation Time
• Rescue Time
20
Defining Response Time
• Reaction Time
▫ Time between the entrant having a problem
requiring rescue and the safety attendant’s
recognition that the entrant has problem
• Contact Time
▫ The time taken by the attendant to contact the
rescue team.
• Response Time
▫ The time taken by the rescuers to arrive at the
scene of the rescue after contact.
21
Defining Response Time
• Assessment Time
▫ The time taken by a rescue team to size up the
problem and determine the strategy to perform a
safe, efficient rescue.
• Preparation Time
▫ The time taken by a rescue team to set up for the
rescue.
• Rescue Time
▫ The time taken for the team to reach, treat,
package, and evacuate the victim from the
confined space.
22
23
Rescue Equipment
 Confined Space Rescue can require a number of
types of equipment to effectively and safely perform
a rescue.
 Let’s take a look at some of the equipment that can
be used in confined space rescues.
Ropes
• Used for
▫ Primary tool in technical
rescue
• Vary in construction,
material and size
• Most common in C.S.
▫ ½ inch, strength 9,000
lbs.
▫ Static kernmantle (low
stretch)
▫ Dynamic kernmantle (high
stretch)
24
Harness
• Used for
▫ Fall protection
▫ Confined space rescue
• Most common in C.S.
▫ Flat nylon webbing
▫ Full body
▫ Point of attachment in
the center of the back at
shoulder level
25
Tripods
• Used for
▫ Access to vertical entry
• Most common in C.S.
▫ 9-foot height or greater
26
Winches
•• Used forUsed for
▫▫ Assist with tripodsAssist with tripods
•• Most common in C.S.Most common in C.S.
▫▫ Retractable designatedRetractable designated
for nonfor non--entry rescueentry rescue
▫▫ Certified as a primaryCertified as a primary
lowering devicelowering device
27
Ventilation SystemsVentilation Systems
Ventilate, eliminate, orVentilate, eliminate, or
control the space’scontrol the space’s
atmospheric hazardsatmospheric hazards
Blind or disconnectBlind or disconnect
and cap all input linesand cap all input lines
so that no hazardousso that no hazardous
materials can entermaterials can enter
the spacethe space
28
Lockout TagoutLockout Tagout
When entranceWhen entrance
covers are removed,covers are removed,
guard the openingguard the opening
immediatelyimmediately
Remember, you mayRemember, you may
have to behave to be
authorized to performauthorized to perform
lockout tagout,lockout tagout,
depending ondepending on
company policy.company policy.
29
SCBA Units
• SCBA (Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus)
– may be required to
enter some confined
spaces or to perform
a rescue.
• There are special
guidelines that must
be followed prior to
wearing an SCBA.
30
SCBA Wearer RequirementsSCBA Wearer Requirements
• In order to wear a SCBA
a rescuer would have to
provide a Respirator
Clearance or Physician
Approval prior to
wearing a SCBA.
• After the Respirator
Clearance the Rescuer
would have to be Fit
Tested for the SCBA
Unit.
31
Rescue Equipment
• As you can see, there are numerous types of rescue
equipment that is available to assist with rescues.
• Each confined space must be evaluated to determine
what type of equipment is required to perform a
rescue should it become necessary.
• If outside resources, such as the Fire Department,
are utilized to perform confined space rescues, the
agency should be given access to your facility to
enable them to:
▫ Be aware of the types of confined spaces you have
▫ Determine the types of equipment and rescue
techniques they will need to perform a rescue
32
33
Commanding the Confined Space
Rescue
 If you are part of a rescue team at your
facility, you must be familiar with your
rescue plan. Let’s discuss some key points
associated with a rescue plan and points
that need to be considered to keep rescuers
safe.
 A confined space rescue will still have roles
that must be filled during the rescue.
 A Rescue Team will have an Incident
Command Supervisor.
Roles
• Remember that the same roles apply in a
confined space rescue that apply to a normal
confined space entry.
Entry Supervisor
Attendant
Entrant, Primary
Entrant, Standby
• With a confined space rescue, there is an
additional role that is assigned -
Incident Commander
34
(Incident Commander)
IC Priorities• A Confined Space Rescue Scene will have a Incident
Commander. The priorities of the IC are mainly:
1. Responder safety
2. Safety of the victim
3. Assessment of the situation
4. Type of Rescue
5. Development of the rescue plan
6. General public control and safety
35
Must keep in mind that 60% of
fatalities are would be rescuers
1. Responder Safety
• Assessment of the situation and confined space
▫ What PPE will be required
▫ Obtain air monitoring samples
▫ Assess hazards
▫ Characteristics of space
• Hazard Mitigation
• Avoid the hazard
• Remove the hazard
• Control the hazard
• Use personal protective equipment
36
2. Safety of the Victim
• Is the victim conscious?
• Is the Victim unconscious?
• Will medical attention be required?
• Will medical personnel need to be notified?
• What type of rescue equipment will be required
to safely remove the victim?
• Is there a timeline associated with the rescue
because of the condition of the victim?
37
3. Assessment of the Situation
• Hazards Present
• Atmospheric
• Energy Sources
• Entrapment
• Fall
• Fire / Explosion
• Hazardous Material
• Hazard Mitigation
• Risks associated with the rescue
• Length of time to implement any hazard controls
38
3. Assessment of the Situation
• Distance required for rescue
• Rescue Problem within Capabilities of the
Department / Team
39
4. Type of Rescue
• Offensive ( rescue)
1. Are lives at risk
2. Complexity of the rescue
3. Hazards are known and controllable
4. Resources are available for the rescue
5. Incident stabilization prompt and
probable
• Defensive ( body recovery )
1. No life probability of victim
2. Complexity of the rescue
3. Hazardous conditions still exist
4. Resources available or unavailable
5. Stabilization unlikely
40
5. Development of the Rescue Plan
 Survival time of the victim
 Confined Space Characteristics
 Type
 Function
 Configuration
 Construction
 Size
 Entry Points (size, number, location)
 Assignment of roles
 Sufficient Personnel (numbers, experience, training)
 Appropriate equipment, Apparatus, Material
 Communication & Communication Equipment
 Interagency Coordination
41
5. Development of the Rescue Plan
 Ventilation of space
 Monitoring of space
 Air supply for
rescuer’s if required
 Control of all
sources of energy
and engulfment
hazards - Including
LOTO, Blocking,
etc.
42
5. Development of the Rescue Plan
 Rigging - will need
to determine the
types of rescue
equipment needed.
Slings
Rescue Basket
Ropes
Victim Stabilizers
Winche/s
43
6. General Public Control and Safety
• Perimeter Control – Depending on type of
situation:
• May need police
• Barrier tape, ropes, barricades
• Controlling traffic
• Limiting access to the rescue area to assigned
personnel
44
Rapid Intervention Team
Provides safety
backup
Dressed in same
PPE as entry, ready
to go
Cannot be assigned
to another task
during the rescue
45
After the Rescue
• Debrief
• Re-supply
• Documentation
• Post incident analysis
46
F-A-I-L-U-R-E
• Failure to understand the environment
• Additional medical issues not considered
• Inadequate rescue skills
• Lack of teamwork or training and experience
• Underestimating the logistics of the incident
• Rescue verse recovery mode not considered
• Equipment not mastered
47
48
What’s Next?
What do you need to do once
you get back to your facility?
• If you are part of a rescue Team:
• Obtain a physician’s approval or clearance to wear a SCBA.
• Get fit tested.
• Know your rescue plan.
• Become familiar with the confined spaces that you have in
your facility.
• Know what equipment will be necessary for each Confined
Space, should a rescue be necessary.
• Know the hazards associated with each confined space.
• Know how to eliminate the hazards associated with the
confined spaces.
• Practice, practice, practice
• Retrain when new confined spaces are added or when
something regarding an existing confined space changes.
49
Next Steps
Conclusion
50
 The entry supervisor needs to ensure that the confined space
operations conform to the permit. They should remove
unauthorized personnel from the area and keep them from
entering the space. The entry supervisor terminates and cancels
the permit at the right time.
 Make sure each hazard is identified and controlled before
entering a confined space.
 Fully understand the requirements of a confined space rescue:,
including commanding the confined space rescue and control of
the area.
 Always report any concerns you may have regarding confined
spaces.
 Emergency rescues should only be made by trained
personnel or a rescue service.

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Confined_space_rescue_procedure

  • 1. Confined Space Rescue Awareness An Overview of Confined Space Rescue 1 EPC of JIC Cooling Plant 098-C58
  • 2. Course Objectives • Provide the attendee with the basic understanding of the requirements of Confined Space Rescue so that the attendee can go to the next step of becoming fully trained in Confined Space Rescue. • Review of why Confined Spaces can be dangerous. • Review of the 3 rescue techniques 1. Non-entry 2. Entry by Others 3. Entry by Trained employees from the company • Review the PPE – Personal Protective Equipment that may be required for Confined Space Entry. • Look at Response Time and importance of Response time. • Become familiar with some of the Rescue Equipment that may be required in a CS Rescue. • Review the importance of Lockout Tagout or elimination and removal of potential hazards. • Review key points associated with a Confined Space Rescue Plan. 2
  • 3. Disclaimer “This material was produced under Grant SH-21000-10-60-F-29 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.” 3
  • 4. You have the right to a safe workplace You have the right to a safe workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct) was passed to prevent workers from being killed or seriously harmed at work. The law requires that employers provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. OSHA also provides information, training and assistance to workers and employers. Workers may file a complaint to have OSHA inspect their workplace if they believe that their employer is not following OSHA standards or there are serious hazards. 4
  • 5. Workers' rights under the OSH Act Workers are entitled to working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm. To help assure a safe and healthful workplace, OSHA also provides workers with the right to: Receive information and training about hazards, methods to prevent harm, and the OSHA standards that apply to their workplace. The training must be in a language you can understand; Observe testing that is done to find hazards in the workplace and get test results; Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses; Get copies of their medical records; Request OSHA to inspect their workplace; and Use their rights under the law free from retaliation and discrimination. http://www.osha.gov/workers.html 5
  • 6. This Presentation • This presentation is not designed to certify or train you on Confined Space Rescue. • Confined Space Rescue training and certification should only be completed by the authorization of your company. • This program is designed as an Awareness Training session. 6
  • 7. Technical Rescue Awareness The difference between a hero and a fool is training. City of Anderson, SC - Fire Department 7
  • 9. Are Confined Spaces Dangerous? • According to a report from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (www.ccohs.ca): • Many workers are injured and killed each year while working in confined spaces. An estimated 60% of the fatalities have been among the would-be rescuers. 9
  • 10. Emergency RescueEmergency Rescue  Emergency rescue teams must be available while authorized entrants are in the confined space.  Deaths often occur during rescue. Employees attempt to rescue an entrant without the proper training and then get caught themselves in the confined space. 10
  • 11. Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques There are 3 types of rescue techniques:There are 3 types of rescue techniques: 1.1. NonNon--entryentry 2.2. Entry by othersEntry by others 3.3. Entry by Trained employees from theEntry by Trained employees from the companycompany 11
  • 12. Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques 1. Non-entry – Rescue that is conducted without entry into the confined space. This can be conducted by such means as a rope or winch. 12
  • 13. Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques 2. Entry by others – some companies do not have trained personnel for emergency rescue. They depend on others to conduct emergency rescues such as the Fire Department. 13
  • 14. Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques 2. Entry by others continued – in this case the Fire Department would need: 14 •• To be familiar with the types of confined spaces located in theTo be familiar with the types of confined spaces located in the facility,facility, •• the hazards they may encounter,the hazards they may encounter, •• the entry means into the confined spaces,the entry means into the confined spaces, •• the types of rescue equipment to effect a rescue andthe types of rescue equipment to effect a rescue and •• the types of PPE required for any potential rescue.the types of PPE required for any potential rescue.
  • 15. Rescue TechniquesRescue Techniques 3. Entry by Trained employees from the company – some companies have trained personnel within the company to conduct rescues. In this case: • All members of the team must be specially trained in confined space rescue work, 15 • The team must have at least one member certified in CPR and first aid, • All members of the team must be trained in the techniques and equipment for specific confined spaces.
  • 16. Emergency RescueEmergency Rescue  If a rescue is required, the rescue service must close off the area, get authorized entrants out of the space and perform first aid when needed.  It is best to use a retrieval system to bring the employee out of the space. Never enter the space without proper training and unless it is necessary.  Authorized entrants should wear harnesses connected to the retrieval line. The retrieval equipment must be in place before employees enter the permit space. 16
  • 17. Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment  One of the most important components of PPE in a confined space is a respirator.  All respirators must be fit tested prior to use.  Cleaning the respirator after each use will help disinfect it. 17  Before each use of the respirator, it must be inspected to make sure that there are no cracks, holes, signs of wear or loose connections.
  • 18. Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment • Other forms of PPE can include hard hats, safety glasses, clothing that protects the torso against chemicals, fires and other hazards, as well as gloves and safety shoes that protect the hands and feet from various hazards. 18
  • 19. 19 Let’s Take a Look at Response Time
  • 20. Defining Response Time • Reaction Time • Contact Time • Response Time • Assessment Time • Preparation Time • Rescue Time 20
  • 21. Defining Response Time • Reaction Time ▫ Time between the entrant having a problem requiring rescue and the safety attendant’s recognition that the entrant has problem • Contact Time ▫ The time taken by the attendant to contact the rescue team. • Response Time ▫ The time taken by the rescuers to arrive at the scene of the rescue after contact. 21
  • 22. Defining Response Time • Assessment Time ▫ The time taken by a rescue team to size up the problem and determine the strategy to perform a safe, efficient rescue. • Preparation Time ▫ The time taken by a rescue team to set up for the rescue. • Rescue Time ▫ The time taken for the team to reach, treat, package, and evacuate the victim from the confined space. 22
  • 23. 23 Rescue Equipment  Confined Space Rescue can require a number of types of equipment to effectively and safely perform a rescue.  Let’s take a look at some of the equipment that can be used in confined space rescues.
  • 24. Ropes • Used for ▫ Primary tool in technical rescue • Vary in construction, material and size • Most common in C.S. ▫ ½ inch, strength 9,000 lbs. ▫ Static kernmantle (low stretch) ▫ Dynamic kernmantle (high stretch) 24
  • 25. Harness • Used for ▫ Fall protection ▫ Confined space rescue • Most common in C.S. ▫ Flat nylon webbing ▫ Full body ▫ Point of attachment in the center of the back at shoulder level 25
  • 26. Tripods • Used for ▫ Access to vertical entry • Most common in C.S. ▫ 9-foot height or greater 26
  • 27. Winches •• Used forUsed for ▫▫ Assist with tripodsAssist with tripods •• Most common in C.S.Most common in C.S. ▫▫ Retractable designatedRetractable designated for nonfor non--entry rescueentry rescue ▫▫ Certified as a primaryCertified as a primary lowering devicelowering device 27
  • 28. Ventilation SystemsVentilation Systems Ventilate, eliminate, orVentilate, eliminate, or control the space’scontrol the space’s atmospheric hazardsatmospheric hazards Blind or disconnectBlind or disconnect and cap all input linesand cap all input lines so that no hazardousso that no hazardous materials can entermaterials can enter the spacethe space 28
  • 29. Lockout TagoutLockout Tagout When entranceWhen entrance covers are removed,covers are removed, guard the openingguard the opening immediatelyimmediately Remember, you mayRemember, you may have to behave to be authorized to performauthorized to perform lockout tagout,lockout tagout, depending ondepending on company policy.company policy. 29
  • 30. SCBA Units • SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) – may be required to enter some confined spaces or to perform a rescue. • There are special guidelines that must be followed prior to wearing an SCBA. 30
  • 31. SCBA Wearer RequirementsSCBA Wearer Requirements • In order to wear a SCBA a rescuer would have to provide a Respirator Clearance or Physician Approval prior to wearing a SCBA. • After the Respirator Clearance the Rescuer would have to be Fit Tested for the SCBA Unit. 31
  • 32. Rescue Equipment • As you can see, there are numerous types of rescue equipment that is available to assist with rescues. • Each confined space must be evaluated to determine what type of equipment is required to perform a rescue should it become necessary. • If outside resources, such as the Fire Department, are utilized to perform confined space rescues, the agency should be given access to your facility to enable them to: ▫ Be aware of the types of confined spaces you have ▫ Determine the types of equipment and rescue techniques they will need to perform a rescue 32
  • 33. 33 Commanding the Confined Space Rescue  If you are part of a rescue team at your facility, you must be familiar with your rescue plan. Let’s discuss some key points associated with a rescue plan and points that need to be considered to keep rescuers safe.  A confined space rescue will still have roles that must be filled during the rescue.  A Rescue Team will have an Incident Command Supervisor.
  • 34. Roles • Remember that the same roles apply in a confined space rescue that apply to a normal confined space entry. Entry Supervisor Attendant Entrant, Primary Entrant, Standby • With a confined space rescue, there is an additional role that is assigned - Incident Commander 34
  • 35. (Incident Commander) IC Priorities• A Confined Space Rescue Scene will have a Incident Commander. The priorities of the IC are mainly: 1. Responder safety 2. Safety of the victim 3. Assessment of the situation 4. Type of Rescue 5. Development of the rescue plan 6. General public control and safety 35 Must keep in mind that 60% of fatalities are would be rescuers
  • 36. 1. Responder Safety • Assessment of the situation and confined space ▫ What PPE will be required ▫ Obtain air monitoring samples ▫ Assess hazards ▫ Characteristics of space • Hazard Mitigation • Avoid the hazard • Remove the hazard • Control the hazard • Use personal protective equipment 36
  • 37. 2. Safety of the Victim • Is the victim conscious? • Is the Victim unconscious? • Will medical attention be required? • Will medical personnel need to be notified? • What type of rescue equipment will be required to safely remove the victim? • Is there a timeline associated with the rescue because of the condition of the victim? 37
  • 38. 3. Assessment of the Situation • Hazards Present • Atmospheric • Energy Sources • Entrapment • Fall • Fire / Explosion • Hazardous Material • Hazard Mitigation • Risks associated with the rescue • Length of time to implement any hazard controls 38
  • 39. 3. Assessment of the Situation • Distance required for rescue • Rescue Problem within Capabilities of the Department / Team 39
  • 40. 4. Type of Rescue • Offensive ( rescue) 1. Are lives at risk 2. Complexity of the rescue 3. Hazards are known and controllable 4. Resources are available for the rescue 5. Incident stabilization prompt and probable • Defensive ( body recovery ) 1. No life probability of victim 2. Complexity of the rescue 3. Hazardous conditions still exist 4. Resources available or unavailable 5. Stabilization unlikely 40
  • 41. 5. Development of the Rescue Plan  Survival time of the victim  Confined Space Characteristics  Type  Function  Configuration  Construction  Size  Entry Points (size, number, location)  Assignment of roles  Sufficient Personnel (numbers, experience, training)  Appropriate equipment, Apparatus, Material  Communication & Communication Equipment  Interagency Coordination 41
  • 42. 5. Development of the Rescue Plan  Ventilation of space  Monitoring of space  Air supply for rescuer’s if required  Control of all sources of energy and engulfment hazards - Including LOTO, Blocking, etc. 42
  • 43. 5. Development of the Rescue Plan  Rigging - will need to determine the types of rescue equipment needed. Slings Rescue Basket Ropes Victim Stabilizers Winche/s 43
  • 44. 6. General Public Control and Safety • Perimeter Control – Depending on type of situation: • May need police • Barrier tape, ropes, barricades • Controlling traffic • Limiting access to the rescue area to assigned personnel 44
  • 45. Rapid Intervention Team Provides safety backup Dressed in same PPE as entry, ready to go Cannot be assigned to another task during the rescue 45
  • 46. After the Rescue • Debrief • Re-supply • Documentation • Post incident analysis 46
  • 47. F-A-I-L-U-R-E • Failure to understand the environment • Additional medical issues not considered • Inadequate rescue skills • Lack of teamwork or training and experience • Underestimating the logistics of the incident • Rescue verse recovery mode not considered • Equipment not mastered 47
  • 48. 48 What’s Next? What do you need to do once you get back to your facility?
  • 49. • If you are part of a rescue Team: • Obtain a physician’s approval or clearance to wear a SCBA. • Get fit tested. • Know your rescue plan. • Become familiar with the confined spaces that you have in your facility. • Know what equipment will be necessary for each Confined Space, should a rescue be necessary. • Know the hazards associated with each confined space. • Know how to eliminate the hazards associated with the confined spaces. • Practice, practice, practice • Retrain when new confined spaces are added or when something regarding an existing confined space changes. 49 Next Steps
  • 50. Conclusion 50  The entry supervisor needs to ensure that the confined space operations conform to the permit. They should remove unauthorized personnel from the area and keep them from entering the space. The entry supervisor terminates and cancels the permit at the right time.  Make sure each hazard is identified and controlled before entering a confined space.  Fully understand the requirements of a confined space rescue:, including commanding the confined space rescue and control of the area.  Always report any concerns you may have regarding confined spaces.  Emergency rescues should only be made by trained personnel or a rescue service.