Grammar Review

Spanish Subjects Yo- I Tú- Familiar You Él - He Ella- She Usted- Formal You Nosotros- We (male or mixed group) Nosotras- We (female) Vosotros- You all familiar (male or mixed group) Spain only! Vosotras- You all familiar (female) Spain only! Ellos- They (male or mixed group) Ellas- They (female) Ustedes- You all formal

Yo- I

Tú- Familiar You

Él - He

Ella- She

Usted- Formal You

Nosotros- We (male or mixed group)

Nosotras- We (female)

Vosotros- You all familiar (male or mixed group) Spain only!

Vosotras- You all familiar (female) Spain only!

Ellos- They (male or mixed group)

Ellas- They (female)

Ustedes- You all formal

AR Verb Endings Yo- o Tú- as Él - a Ella - a Usted - a Nosotros,as- amos Vosotros,as- áis Ellos- an Ellas- an Ustedes- an

Yo- o

Tú- as

Él - a

Ella - a

Usted - a

Nosotros,as- amos

Vosotros,as- áis

Ellos- an

Ellas- an

Ustedes- an

ER Verb Endings Yo- o Tú- es Él - e Ella - e Usted - e Nosotros,as- emos Vosotros,as- éis Ellos- en Ellas- en Ustedes- en

IR Verb Endings Yo- o Tú- es Él - e Ella - e Usted - e Nosotros,as- imos Vosotros,as- ís Ellos- en Ellas- en Ustedes- en

Reminder In order to conjugate a verb you must first--- Find the stem. Remove the ending. Replace with appropriate ending that matches the subject of the sentence. Example. Yo- hablar Habl ar Habl Hablo

In order to conjugate a verb you must

first---

Find the stem.

Remove the ending.

Replace with appropriate ending that matches the subject of the sentence.

Example. Yo- hablar

Habl ar

Habl

Hablo

Let’s Practice! Yo- beber Nosotros- bailar Tú- caminar Nosotras- comer Él - hablar Ellos- vivir Ella- escribir Ellas- tomar Usted- pagar Ustedes-mirar

Yo- beber Nosotros- bailar

Tú- caminar Nosotras- comer

Él - hablar Ellos- vivir

Ella- escribir Ellas- tomar

Usted- pagar Ustedes-mirar

Answers… Check your work! Yo- bebo Nosotros- bailamos Tú- caminas Nosotras- comemos Él - habla Ellos- viven Ella- escribe Ellas- toman Usted- paga Ustedes-miran

Nouns, Articles, Adjectives Remember that in Spanish a sentence must agree in gender and number. That is why it is important to remember how to use nouns, articles, and adjectives in the singular and the plural.

Remember that in Spanish a sentence must agree in gender and number.

That is why it is important to remember how to use nouns, articles, and adjectives in the singular and the plural.

Nouns Nouns are people, places, or things. A noun that ends in a vowel can be made plural by adding –s . Example: blusa – blusas A noun that ends in a consonant such as -n or -l is made plural by adding –es . Example: mantel - manteles

Nouns are people, places, or things.

A noun that ends in a vowel can be made plural by adding –s .

Example: blusa – blusas

A noun that ends in a consonant such as -n or -l is made plural by adding –es .

Example: mantel - manteles

Articles Definite Articles- signify the. El- masc. sing. La- fem. sing. Los- masc. plur. Las- fem. plur. El libro- the book Los libros- the books Indefinite Articles- signify a or an in the singular and some in the plural. Un- masc. sing. Una- fem. sing. Unos- masc. plur. Unas- fem. plur. Una blusa- a blouse Unas blusas- some blouses

Definite Articles- signify the.

El- masc. sing.

La- fem. sing.

Los- masc. plur.

Las- fem. plur.

El libro- the book

Los libros- the books

Indefinite Articles- signify a or an in the singular and some in the plural.

Un- masc. sing.

Una- fem. sing.

Unos- masc. plur.

Unas- fem. plur.

Una blusa- a blouse

Unas blusas- some blouses

Adjectives- Agreeing in Number An adjective is a word that describes a noun. An adjective that ends in a vowel can be made plural by adding –s . Example: rojo – rojos An adjective that ends in a consonant such as -n or -l is made plural by adding –es . Example: azul - azules

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

An adjective that ends in a vowel can be made plural by adding –s .

Example: rojo – rojos

An adjective that ends in a consonant such as -n or -l is made plural by adding –es .

Example: azul - azules

Adjectives- Agreeing in Gender An adjective that ends in an –o is masculine and modifies masculine nouns. Example: carro rojo If you want that adjective to modify a feminine noun, you must change the –o to –a. Example: blusa roja If an adjective ends in another letter such as -e or -l, it is neutral and has no gender. It can modify a masculine or feminine word. Example: alumno inteligente casa azul

An adjective that ends in an –o is masculine and modifies masculine nouns.

Example: carro rojo

If you want that adjective to modify a feminine noun, you must change the –o to –a.

Example: blusa roja

If an adjective ends in another letter such as -e or -l, it is neutral and has no gender. It can modify a masculine or feminine word.

Example: alumno inteligente

casa azul

Adjectives- Agreeing in Gender (cont.) Once you have changed the adjective to match the noun for gender, you add an –s or –es if the noun it modifies is plural. Example: blusas rojas carros azules

Once you have changed the adjective to match the noun for gender, you add an –s or –es if the noun it modifies is plural.

Example: blusas rojas

carros azules

Irregular Verbs Ir- Dar- Estar- Tener-

Ir-

Dar-

Estar-

Tener-