The Bureaucracy

The Bureaucracy Hierarchy at it’s finest Chapter 15

What is a bureaucracy?
Large organization that is structured hierarchically
President is chief administrator
Depend on Congress
Great deal of Autonomy

Size of Bureaucracy
1789
Three departments
50 employees
Today
Hundreds of organizations
Approximately 2.8 million employees
Most growth since 1970 at the state level
More local employees than Fed and State combined

Four Types of Bureaucratic Structures
Cabinet departments
Independent regulatory agencies
Government corporations
Independent executive agencies

Cabinet Departments
15 departments
State to Homeland Security
Headed by a Secretary
Civil Service employees
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Commerce
State Dept.
Dept. of Education

Independent Executive Agencies
Report directly to President
Usually in regards to a specific sector of public policy
FTC
EPA
NASA

Independent Regulatory Agencies
Specific Public Policy
Make and enforce rules
Regulatory body over a particular sector of the economy
Commissions cannot be fired like members of the Cabinet
FCC
Securities and Exchange Commission
NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

Government Corporations
Like a private corporation, but run by the Government
Profits remain in the corporation
Heads appointed by President, confirmed by Senate
USPS
AMTRAK
TVA

Staffing the Bureaucracy
Political Appointees
Plum Book
Civil Servants
Occupational rigidity
Steering an oil tanker
A little history…
Jackson and Patronage
Pendleton Act (1883)
Hatch Act (1939)
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

Bureaucrats as Politicians and Policy Makers
Rulemaking
Translation of law
Iron triangles
Issue networks

House Ag. Committee Cotton Farmers Association Department of Agriculture

House Ag. Committee Cotton Farmers Association House Ag. Committee can provide: policy info/access support casework to the Cotton Farmers Assoc. Cotton Farmers Assoc can provide: info votes election contributions to the members of the House Ag. Committee

House Ag. Committee Dept. of Ag. The Ag. Committee can provide: money- budget info/ access support policy The Dept. of Ag can provide: information help with casework enforcement of laws passed by Cong.

Cotton Farmers Assoc Dept. of Ag. The Dept. of Ag. can provide: information, rules on cotton production, research, deliver services—subsidies, loan programs The Cotton Farmers Assoc can provide: information, support for the Dept. with Congress, enforcement support, research

ISSUE NETWORKS
Issue Networks are more complex iron triangles with more “players”.

ISSUE NETWORKS Congressional committees: Agriculture, Appropriations, Environment & Public Works Dept. of Ag. Interest Groups: -Cotton Farmers -Environmentalists -Foreign textile groups The Media Educational experts Environmental Protection Agency

Congressional Control
Authorizing funds
Periodic or permanent
Investigations and hearings
GAO, CBO

Weberian Model
German Sociologist Max Weber
Power is top-down
Specialists
Merit based
Apolitical

Acquisitive Model
Top-level bureaucrats
Attempt to expand (acquire) budgets
Maximize staff

Monopolistic Model
Bureaucracies function like monopolies
Less efficient
More costly to operate
Little reason to adopt cost saving measures
Trial and error

The Bureaucracy

by David Osman on Nov 17, 2009

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