Roles Of President

The Roles of the President

EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT
Described in Article II
President/Vice President
Federal Bureaucracy

U.S. PRESIDENT
One of the most powerful elective offices in world today
Serves as head of Executive Branch
ENFORCES & ADMINISTERS LAWS
Created by delegates to Constitutional Convention as a compromise

ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT

1. CHIEF OF STATE
Performs ceremonial duties
Stands as symbol of U. S.
Represents the nation to the rest of the world

1. Chief of State
Acts as example for and symbol of the United States
Represents America at special occasions and ceremonies.
Kings and Queens are heads of state.
Awarding medals and speechmaking are examples of this role.

2. CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Carries out and enforces laws of the U.S.
Administers Government programs
Supervises government employees
Names top-ranking officers
Grants reprieves, pardons and amnesty

2. Chief Executive
Acts as boss of federal government workers in 14 executive departments.
These departments help the President carry out, enforce, or execute the law.
The president chooses cabinet members to advise and assist him.
Ex: Holding cabinet meetings and appointing federal officials.

2. The Chief Executive
The Offices of the Executive Branch are found in the White House and other federal buildings in Washington D.C.

3. Chief Administrator
President is head of huge administration!
Manage the fifteen executive depots and federal agencies
Ex: NASA
Think about how many employees that involves!
Help carry out those policies

4. CHIEF DIPLOMAT
Directs Foreign Policy
U. S. Representative in relations with other nations
Writes treaties, grants recognition to new governments

4. Chief Diplomat
Conducts foreign policy by directing the actions of American ambassadors.
Signs treaties and trade agreements with leaders of other nations.

In charge of US Armed Forces.
Decides where armed forces are to be stationed and weapons to be used.
Secretary of Defense under President.
5. Commander-In-Chief

6. Chief Legislator
Congress has the power to make laws.
President can propose bills and must sign bills into law.
He often calls members of Congress to lobby for his agenda.
Presents his agenda to Congress in the annual State of the Union address.

6. Chief Legislator
President Reagan before a joint-session of Congress.

7. Chief of the Party
Presidents help members of their party get elected or appointed to office.
They make campaign speeches needed for re-election.
Head of fund-raising for the party.

8. Chief Citizen
Represent the people
Work for the public interest
“ The presidency is not merely an administrative office. That is the least of it. It is preeminently a place of moral leadership.” – Franklin Roosevelt

The Presidency
Why do you think it is the most visible part of the American political system?
Does the President really serve the needs of the American people?
How does the office of the Presidency actually help the American people?

COMPENSATION:
$400,000 PER YEAR SALARY *FIXED BY CONGRESS, BUT CANNOT BE INCREASED NOR DECREASED DURING A TERM
LIVE IN WHITE HOUSE (132 ROOMS) WITH STAFF
$50,000 EXPENSE ACCOUNT (TAXABLE)

SUITE OF OFFICES WITH STAFF
YACHT
FLEET OF AUTOMOBILES
AIR FORCE ONE
CAMP DAVID – RESORT HIDEAWAY
FINEST MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND HEALTH CARE

PROTECTION FROM SECRET SERVICE
LIFETIME PENSION OF $143,800 PER YEAR
PRESIDENTIAL WIDOW RECEIVES PENSION OF $20,000 PER YEAR
TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINMENT FUNDS

TOTAL COST TO RUN VAST OPERATIONS OF WHITEHOUSE INCLUDING SALARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE, DOMESTIC AND SECURITY STAFF AND EXPENSES FOR SUPPLIES….

38.9 MILLION DOLLARS
PLUS
$9.5 MILLION TO MAINTAIN WHITE HOUSE

VICE PRESIDENT
DUTIES: PRESIDE OVER SENATE –ONLY DUTY SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUTION
HELP DECIDE IF PRES. IS DISABLED AND ASSUME OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IF NECESSARY

CHOSEN TO HELP PRESIDENT WIN THE ELECTION – “BALANCE THE TICKET”
ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE PRESIDENT SEES FIT
ONLY EXECUTIVE OFFICE THAT CANNOT BE FIRED BY THE PRESIDENT

QUALIFICATIONS FOR V. P.
SAME AS PRESIDENT
SALARY: $192,600
OTHER COMPENSATION:
$10,000 EXPENSE ACCOUNT
LIVE IN HOUSE AT NAVAL OBSERVATORY
ACCESS TO AIR FORCE TWO
LIMOSINE SERVICE
SECRET SERVICE PROTECTION

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION & VICE PRESIDENCY
25 TH AMENDMENT
PROVIDES FOR SUCCESSION
VICE PRESIDENT
SPEAKER OF HOUSE
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF SENATE
SECRETARY OF STATE
EACH OF THE OTHER HEADS OF THE CABINET DEPARTMENTS IN ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
COMPLEX OF SEVERAL SEPARATE AGENCIES STAFFED BY THE PRESIDENT’S MOST TRUSTED ADVISERS AND ASSISTANTS

WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
KEY PERSONAL AND POLITICAL STAFF
CHIEF OF STAFF
PRESS SECRETARY
ASSISTANTS
CHIEF OF STAFF TO FIRST LADY
PRESS SECRETARY FOR FIRST LADY
OVER 400 PEOPLE WORK IN WHO

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
ADVISE IN ALL DOMESTIC, FOREIGN AND MILITARY MATTERS
V. PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
DIRECTOR OF CIA

OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
PREPARE FEDERAL BUDGET

OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
ADVISORY OFFICE AND PLANNING AGENCY ON DRUG PROBLEM IN U.S.

COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
INFORM AND ADVISE PRESIDENT ON NATION’S ECONOMY

Special Uses of Presidential Power
Presidents have at their disposal a variety of special powers and privileges not available in other branches of the U.S. government.
These include
(1) emergency powers
(2) executive orders
(3) executive privilege
(4) signing statements and, until relatively recently
(5) impoundment of funds.

Emergency Powers
The emergency powers of the president were first enunciated in the Supreme Court's decision
In that case, President Franklin Roosevelt, without authorization by Congress, ordered an embargo on the shipment of weapons to two warring South American countries.
Abraham Lincoln's suspension of civil liberties at the beginning of the Civil War (1861 - 1865),
President Harry Truman authorized the federal seizure of steel plants and their operation by the national government in 1952 during the Korean War
The Supreme Court did not agree, holding that the president had no authority under the Constitution to seize private property or to legislate such action.

Executive Orders
Congress allows the president (as well as administrative agencies) to issue executive orders that have the force of law.
These executive orders can do the following:
(1) enforce legislative statutes,
(2) enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign nations, and
(3) establish or modify rules and practices of executive administrative agencies.
The only apparent requirement is that under the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, all executive orders must be published in the Federal Register, a daily publication of the U.S. government.
Executive orders have been used to establish some procedures for appointing non-career administrators,
to implement national affirmative action regulations,
to restructure the White House bureaucracy, to ration consumer goods and
to administer wage and price controls under emergency conditions,
to classify government information as secret, and
to regulate the export of restricted items.
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/

Executive Privilege
Another inherent executive power that has been claimed by presidents concerns the ability of the president and the president's executive officials to refuse to appear before, or to withhold information from, Congress or the courts.
This is called executive privilege, and it relies on the constitutional separation of powers for its basis.
Limits to executive privilege went untested until the Watergate affair in the early 1970s.
In 1974, in one of the Supreme Court's most famous cases, United States v. Nixon, (Note 16) the justices unanimously ruled that Nixon had to hand over the tapes to the Court

Impoundment of Funds
There is no provision in the Constitution that requires the president, as chief executive, to spend all of the funds appropriated by Congress, and many presidents prior to the 1970s did not do so.
As part of its Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Congress required that the president spend all appropriated funds, although Congress gave the president some leeway.
The Supreme Court in 1975 unanimously ruled that the president had to spend money appropriated by Congress because of his constitutional obligation to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

Abuses of Executive Power and Impeachment
Articles I and II of the Constitution authorize the House and Senate to remove the president, the vice president, or other civil officers of the United States for crimes of "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
The impeachment process
Begins in the House, which impeaches (accuses) the federal officer involved.
If the House votes to impeach the officer, it draws up articles of impeachment and submits them to the Senate.
Senate conducts the actual trial.

Roles Of President

by David Osman on Mar 30, 2010

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