One analysis of the Digital Education Revolution

One analysis of the Digital Education Revolution
http://bit.ly/derAnalysis
David Joneshttp://davidtjones.wordpress.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wfryer/2516648940/

As you solve the problemyou learn more about it
Solutions are neitherright nor wrong
(Rittel & Webber, 1973)
There is no ultimate test of a solution
The problem can be described in many ways
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wxmom/2052715752/

Description
Analysis
Suggestions
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wscullin/3770015203/

$2.4b over 8 years
(ANAO, 2010)
aims to contribute sustainable and meaningful change to teaching and learning in Australian schools that will prepare students for further education, training and to live and work in a digital world.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomheld/2997580946/

Online curriculum resources & digital architecture
$28.6m
ICT Innovation Fund
$16m
National Secondary Computer Fund
$1.4b + $807m

Removal of 1st order barriers
(Ertmer, 1999)
Won’t achievepurpose
School + technology != change
Policy by visitors to the digital world
Limited understanding of change
Using failed approaches
……
http://www.flickr.com/photos/brad_holt/3604854521/

Description
Analysis
Suggestions

The Ps Framework
http://bit.ly/PsFramework
Past experience
People
Place
Purpose
Product
Process
Pedagogy
http://flickr.com/photos/joits/225824796/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/londonmatt/3163571645/
Purpose
http://www.digitaleducationrevolution.gov.au/

Australian students must be prepared for living andworking in a highly technologicaland informationrich world that is rapidly changing.
(DEEWR, 2010)
A common theme in many countries’ national policiesis that innovative, knowledge-based economies drivenbytalent and creativity are the way to build sustainablesocieties in the future.
(Moyle, 2010, p. 6)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/karenapricot/1218446563/

http://bit.ly/pzPd8C
Melbourne declaration etc.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/29901446@N07/2800023900/

Digital educationrevolution

National Curriculum
Core curriculums that hark backto 20th-century educational beliefs…..
The curriculum pays lip service to technology butfails to consider how it is changing the way teachersteach and children learn.
(Harpur, 2011)

National Curriculum
NAPLAN

National Curriculum
National rewardsfor great teachers
NAPLAN

Current political winds are blowing..toward policies of standardisingschool and emphasising the kindsof accountability practices that canparalyze risk-taking
National Curriculum
National rewardsfor great teachers
(Collins & Halverson, 2009, p. 113)
NAPLAN

http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/tx/7679076.html

$28.6m
ICT Innovation Fund
$16m
$1.4b + $807m

Rewards for great teachers$425m
$28.6m
$16m
Computers

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Individual over group solutions
Technology
Fragmented strategies
http://bit.ly/pxuDjB

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Technology
NAPLAN

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Technology
NAPLAN
Rewards for great teachers

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Technology
NAPLAN
DER

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Technology
NAPLAN
DER
Dissonant strategies
Federal
State

The wrong drivers
Accountability
Technology
NAPLAN
DER
Dissonant strategies
Federal
State
Public
Catholic
Independent

fail to achieve whole system reform
Even worse, chances are that such strategies willcause backward movement relative to other countriesthat are using the right drivers

http://bit.ly/nipT8I
Past experience
Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
(Santayana, 2010)

Our school system will be completely
changed within the next ten years.

1913

Books will soon be obsolete in the schools
It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledgewith the motion picture.
(Saettler, 1968, p. 98)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/3439637848/

the computer is going to bea catalyst of very deep andradical change in theeducational system

1984

(Papert, 1984)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rmesquita/2544780949/

Students today can’t preparebark to calculate their problems.They depend on their slates whichare more expensive. What will they do when the slate is droppedand it breaks? They will beunable to write!
Teacher’s Conference, 1703
http://www.flickr.com/photos/knobil/66832699/

Students today depend on paper toomuch. They don’t know how to writeon a slate without getting chalk dustall over themselves. They can’t cleana slate properly. What will they dowhen they run out of paper?
Principal’s Association 1815
http://www.flickr.com/photos/knobil/66832699/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/shadfan66/4131388204/
..waiting in vain for the promised revolutionin teaching and learning because we have
(Bush & Mott, 2009)
consistently, almost single-mindedly,
used technology to automate the past instead of employing our best thinking and efforts to create a new future

Through a single sign-on portal they will be supported with relevant information, expert advice and practical and strategic tools
ICT Innovation Fund

http://gapingvoid.com/2006/10/13/walled-gardens-explained/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dquach/462387564/

Purpose

Who has to learn?
School Students
Politicians
School teachers
General public
Teacher educators
School leaders
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rileyroxx/169905405/

$28.6m
Teaching Teachers for the Future
ICT Innovation Fund
$16m
$1.4b + $807m

Some of the anticipated activities will include the development of a website with ICTE resources and discussions, the establishment of an ICTE reference group that includes participation from across the University and regular workshops for staff.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/136158323/

Some of the anticipated activities will include the development of a website with ICTE resources and discussions, the establishment of an ICTE reference group that includes participation from across the University and regular workshops for staff.
Used by small numbers…usually not those most in need
(The National GAP, 2009)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/136158323/

Who has to learn?
School Students
Politicians
School teachers
General public
Teacher educators
School leaders
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rileyroxx/169905405/

$28.6m
Online teacher toolkit
Anywhere, anytime professional learning
ICT Innovation Fund
$16m
Leading ICT in learning
$1.4b + $807m

http://gapingvoid.com/2006/10/13/walled-gardens-explained/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/philmanker/3601560371/

Quality teaching requires developing a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between technology, content, and pedagogy, and using this understanding to develop appropriate, context-specific strategies and representations.
(Mishra & Koehler, 2006)

Place
(Trigwell, 2001)

NAPLAN
(Trigwell, 2001)

NAPLAN
Nationalcurriculum
(Trigwell, 2001)

NAPLAN
Nationalcurriculum
Great rewards..
(Trigwell, 2001)

Disengaged parents
NAPLAN
Nationalcurriculum
Great rewards..
(Trigwell, 2001)

Disengaged parents
NAPLAN
Respectfor teachers
Nationalcurriculum
Great rewards..
(Trigwell, 2001)

Disengaged parents
NAPLAN
Respectfor teachers
Nationalcurriculum
The School System
Great rewards..
(Trigwell, 2001)

a highly evolved, complex institutional system can be locked in place and very difficult to change
(Collins & Halverson, 2009)
The basic grammar of schooling, like the shape of classrooms, has remained remarkably stable over the decades
(Tyack and Tobin, 1994, p. 454)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jasonnahrung/2495920825/

(Collins & Halverson, 2009)

Purpose
Current Schools != Digital world

(Ward and Daniel, 2006, p. 3)

http://read.bi/ouwiqJ

People
Visitor-Resident
http://bit.ly/rlnxGO
http://www.flickr.com/photos/shawnzlea/1460248872/

Moore’s chasm
(Geoghegan, 1994)
http://bit.ly/oJDBKb
http://flickr.com/photos/chrisjfry/323461344/

Product
http://www.flickr.com/photos/betchaboy/4305378767/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/scobleizer/2264764769/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ivyfield/4497654605/

By their very nature, newer digital technologies, which are protean, unstable, and opaque, present new challenges to teachers who are struggling to use moretechnology in their teaching
(Koehler & Mishra, 2009)
Is the first metamedium, and as such it has degrees offreedom for representation and expression neverbefore encountered and as yet barely investigated
Alan Kay
http://bit.ly/qYvtfi

(Stager, 2009)
Computer to present information and test.
Teacher replacement
Alfred Bork

(Stager, 2009)
One computer classroom
Computer to help teacher present
Alfred Bork
Tom Synder

(Stager, 2009)
Seymour Papert
the protean nature of the computerallowed learners to shape its useand construct knowledge in waysand domains otherwise impossible
Alfred Bork
Tom Synder

http://paralleldivergence.com/2011/07/18/digital-education-real-illusion/

One of the barriers to including technologies in teaching and learning can be the lack of appropriate furniture on which to place computers in classrooms, in teachers’ preparation areas and in computer laboratories, and this impedes the uptake of technologies enabled pedagogies
(Moyle, 2010)

Process

Limitations
(Introna, 1996)
Systems’ behaviour must be relatively stable and predictable
Designer’s must be able to manipulatethe system’s behaviour directly.
The designer’s must be able to determine accuratelythe goals or criteria of success.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mwichary/2188958154/

Australian students must be prepared for living andworking in a highly technological and informationrich world that is rapidly changing.
(DEEWR, 2010)
Management by Objectives works if youknow the objectives, 90% of the time you don’t
Peter Drucker
http://www.flickr.com/photos/karenapricot/1218446563/

Process

Description
Analysis
Suggestions

Continue
Take up residency
http://reformsymposium.com/
Big picture
http://www.flickr.com/photos/richardstubbs/5934222024/

Government
Removal of first order barriers
(Ertmer, 1999; Prestridge, 2010)
Infrastructure &facilities
Technical support
Improve
True 1:1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/drbeachvacation/3156587879/

Politicians
School leaders
Become digital residents
Teachers
Teacher educators
Emergent resident creation
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/4458510670/

Change politics
Change
Understand the “digital” world
Diversity
Change the grammar of school!
http://bit.ly/p6LaLs
http://www.flickr.com/photos/krossbow/3279873902/

ANAO. (2010). Digital Education Revolution Program – National Secondary Schools Computer Fund. Education (p. 148). Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Boehm, B., & Turner, R. (2003). Using risk to balance agile and plan-driven methods. Computer, 36(6), 57-66.
Brews, P., & Hunt, M. (1999). Learning to plan and planning to learn: Resolving the planning school/learning school debate. Strategic Management, 20(10), 889-913.
Bush, M. (2009). The Transformation of Learning with Technology: Learner-Centricity, Content and Tool Malleability, and Network Effects. Educational Technology, 49(2), 3-20. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=EJ829873&_nfls=false
Collins, A., & Halverson, R. (2009). Rethinking education in the age of technology: The digital revolution and schooling in America. New York: Teachers College Press.
DEEWR. (2010). ICT strategic planning guide for Australian schools (p. 16). Canberra, ACT, Australia. Retrieved from http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/DigitalEducationRevolution/DigitalStrategyforTeachers/Documents/ICTStratPlanGuide.pdf
Ertmer, P. a. (1999). Addressing first- and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(4), 47-61. doi:10.1007/BF02299597
Geoghegan, W. (1994). Whatever happened to instructional technology? In S. Bapna, A. Emdad, & J. Zaveri (Eds.), (pp. 438-447). Baltimore, MD: IBM. Retrieved from http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10144/
Harpur, J. (2011, August 1). New technology yet we tread the same old path. Sydney Morning Hearld. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/new-technology-yet-we-tread-the-same-old-path-20110731-1i6aw.html
Hutchins, E. (1991). Organizing work by adaptation. Organization Science, 2(1), 14-39.
Introna, L. (1996). Notes on ateleological information systems development. Information Technology & People, 9(4), 20-39.
Koehler, M., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1). Retrieved from http://www.citejournal.org/vol9/iss1/general/article1.cfm
Kurtz, C., & Snowden, D. (2007). Bramble Bushes in a Thicket: Narrative and the intangiables of learning networks. In M. Gibbert & T. Durand (Eds.), . Blackwell.
March, J. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
Mintzberg, H. (1989). Mintzberg on Management, Inside our Strange World of Organisations. New York: Free Press.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054.
Moyle, K. (2010). Building Innovation: Learning with technologies. Educational Research. Camberwell, VIC, Australia. Retrieved from http://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=aer
Papert, S. (1984). New theories for new learnings. School Psychology Review, 13(4), 422-428.

Prestridge, S. (2010). The alignment of digital pedagogy to current teacher beliefs. In D. Gronn & G. Romeo (Eds.), ACEC2010: Digital Diversity. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Computers in Education. Retrieved from http://acec2010.info/proposal/252/beliefs-behind-teacher-influences-their-ict-practices
Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155-169.
Saettler, P. (1968). History of Instructional Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Santayana, G. (2010). The life of reason: The phases of human progress (Vol. 1). Charleston, SC: Forgotten Books.
Seely-Brown, J., & Hagel, J. (2005). From push to pull: The next frontier of innovation. The McKinsey Quarterly. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_page.aspx?ar=1642
Stager, G. (2008, June). What’s a Computer For? Part 1. District Administration Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.districtadministration.com/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=1604
The National GAP. (2009). Key issues to consider in the renewal of learning and teaching experiences to foster graduate attributes. Sydney: The National Graduate Attributes Project.
Trigwell, K. (2001). Judging university teaching. The International Journal for Academic Development, 6(1), 65-73.
Truex, D., Baskerville, R., & Travis, J. (2000). Amethodical systems development: the deferred meaning of systems development methods. Accounting Management and Information Technologies, 10, 53-79.
Tyack, D., & Tobin, W. (1994). The “grammar” of schooling: why has it been so hard to change? American Educational Research Journal, 31(3), 453-479. Retrieved from http://aer.sagepub.com/content/31/3/453.short
Ward, J., & Daniel, E. (2006). Benefits management: delivering value from IS and IT investments (John Wiley.). Chichester, UK.
Weick, K., & Quinn, R. (1999). Organizational change and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 361-386.

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One analysis of the Digital Education Revolution

by David Jones on Jul 31, 2011

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