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DIABETES
Diabetes is usually a lifelong (chronic) disease in which
      there are high levels of sugar in the blood.
CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS
•   Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes
    can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.
•   To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by
    which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things
    happen when food is digested:
•   A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for
    the body.
•   An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move
    glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be
    used as fuel.
•   People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body cannot move
    sugar into fat, liver, and muscle cells to be stored for energy. This is because
    either:
•   Their pancreas does not make enough insulin
•   Their cells do not respond to insulin normally
•   Both of the above
CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS
• There are two major types of diabetes. The causes and risk
  factors are different for each type:
• Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often
  diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this
  disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of
  insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown.
• Type 2 diabetes makes up most diabetes cases. It most often
  occurs in adulthood. However, because of high obesity
  rates, teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it.
  Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it.
• Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops at any
  time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes.
SYMPTOMS
•   High blood sugar levels can cause several symptoms, including:
     •   Blurry vision
     •   Excess thirst
     •   Fatigue
     •   Hunger
     •   Urinating often
     •   Weight loss
•   Because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar have no
    symptoms.
•   Symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop over a short period of time. People may be very sick by
    the time they are diagnosed.
•   After many years, diabetes can lead to other serious problems:
     •   You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and light
         sensitivity. You could become blind.
     •   Your feet and skin can get painful sores and infections. Sometimes, your foot or leg may
         need to be removed.
     •   Nerves in the body can become damaged, causing pain, tingling, and a loss of feeling.
     •   Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. This can
         cause trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can also make it harder for men to
         have an erection.
TYPE I DIABETES
                  In response to high levels
                  of glucose in the blood, the
                  insulin-producing cells in
                  the pancreas secrete the
                  hormone insulin. Type I
                  diabetes occurs when
                  these cells are destroyed
                  by the body’s own immune
                  system.
DIABETIC BLOOD CIRCULATION IN FOOT

                       People with diabetes are at
                       risk for blood vessel injury,
                       which may be severe
                       enough to cause tissue
                       damage in the legs and feet.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
                   • Endocrine glands release
                     hormones (chemical messengers)
                     into the bloodstream to be
                     transported to various organs and
                     tissues throughout the body. For
                     instance, the pancreas secretes
                     insulin, which allows the body to
                     regulate levels of sugar in the
                     blood. The thyroid gets instructions
                     from the pituitary to secrete
                     hormones which determine the
                     pace of chemical activity in the
                     body (the more hormone in the
                     bloodstream, the faster the
                     chemical activity; the less
                     hormone, the slower the activity
TREATMENT
• Early on in type 2 diabetes, you may be able to reverse the
  disease with lifestyle changes. Also, some cases of type 2
  diabetes can be cured with weight-loss surgery.
• There is no cure for type 1 diabetes.
• Treatming both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes involves
  medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar levels and
  prevent symptoms and problems.
• Getting better control over your blood sugar, cholesterol, and
  blood pressure levels helps reduce the risk of kidney disease,
  eye disease, nervous system disease, heart attack, and stroke.
• To prevent diabetes complications, visit your health care
  provider at least two to four times a year. Talk about any
  problems you are having.
INSULIN PUMP
               Various styles of insulin pumps
               may be utilized by people with
               diabetes to inject insulin into the
               body in a controlled, more
               convenient and discreet manner.
GLUCOSE TEST
               • A person with diabetes
                 constantly manages their blood's
                 sugar (glucose) levels. After a
                 blood sample is taken and
                 tested, it is determined whether
                 the glucose levels are low or
                 high. If glucose levels are too
                 low carbohydrates are
                 ingested. If glucose in the blood
                 is too high, the appropriate
                 amount of insulin is administered
                 into the body such as through an
                 insulin pump.
INSULIN PUMP
               • The catheter at the end of the
                 insulin pump is inserted through
                 a needle into the abdominal fat
                 of a person with diabetes.
                 Dosage instructions are entered
                 into the pump's small computer
                 and the appropriate amount of
                 insulin is then injected into the
                 body in a calculated, controlled
                 manner.

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Diabetes

  • 1. DIABETES Diabetes is usually a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood.
  • 2. CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both. • To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested: • A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body. • An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. • People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body cannot move sugar into fat, liver, and muscle cells to be stored for energy. This is because either: • Their pancreas does not make enough insulin • Their cells do not respond to insulin normally • Both of the above
  • 3. CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS • There are two major types of diabetes. The causes and risk factors are different for each type: • Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. • Type 2 diabetes makes up most diabetes cases. It most often occurs in adulthood. However, because of high obesity rates, teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it. • Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes.
  • 4. SYMPTOMS • High blood sugar levels can cause several symptoms, including: • Blurry vision • Excess thirst • Fatigue • Hunger • Urinating often • Weight loss • Because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar have no symptoms. • Symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop over a short period of time. People may be very sick by the time they are diagnosed. • After many years, diabetes can lead to other serious problems: • You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and light sensitivity. You could become blind. • Your feet and skin can get painful sores and infections. Sometimes, your foot or leg may need to be removed. • Nerves in the body can become damaged, causing pain, tingling, and a loss of feeling. • Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. This can cause trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can also make it harder for men to have an erection.
  • 5. TYPE I DIABETES In response to high levels of glucose in the blood, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas secrete the hormone insulin. Type I diabetes occurs when these cells are destroyed by the body’s own immune system.
  • 6. DIABETIC BLOOD CIRCULATION IN FOOT People with diabetes are at risk for blood vessel injury, which may be severe enough to cause tissue damage in the legs and feet.
  • 7. ENDOCRINE GLANDS • Endocrine glands release hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body. For instance, the pancreas secretes insulin, which allows the body to regulate levels of sugar in the blood. The thyroid gets instructions from the pituitary to secrete hormones which determine the pace of chemical activity in the body (the more hormone in the bloodstream, the faster the chemical activity; the less hormone, the slower the activity
  • 8. TREATMENT • Early on in type 2 diabetes, you may be able to reverse the disease with lifestyle changes. Also, some cases of type 2 diabetes can be cured with weight-loss surgery. • There is no cure for type 1 diabetes. • Treatming both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar levels and prevent symptoms and problems. • Getting better control over your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels helps reduce the risk of kidney disease, eye disease, nervous system disease, heart attack, and stroke. • To prevent diabetes complications, visit your health care provider at least two to four times a year. Talk about any problems you are having.
  • 9. INSULIN PUMP Various styles of insulin pumps may be utilized by people with diabetes to inject insulin into the body in a controlled, more convenient and discreet manner.
  • 10. GLUCOSE TEST • A person with diabetes constantly manages their blood's sugar (glucose) levels. After a blood sample is taken and tested, it is determined whether the glucose levels are low or high. If glucose levels are too low carbohydrates are ingested. If glucose in the blood is too high, the appropriate amount of insulin is administered into the body such as through an insulin pump.
  • 11. INSULIN PUMP • The catheter at the end of the insulin pump is inserted through a needle into the abdominal fat of a person with diabetes. Dosage instructions are entered into the pump's small computer and the appropriate amount of insulin is then injected into the body in a calculated, controlled manner.