Listen to the sermon here http://sovereignchurch.org.au/sermons-archive/you-can-trust-the-new-testament/ and track along with the slides. If you come at the New Testament with doubts over its historical accuracy or the reliability of the manuscripts then maybe this will help you. You can trust the New Testament to tell you the truth about Jesus. Early Christians and the writers of the New Testament were neither part of an elaborate conspiracy or dumb; they were real people who saw and recorded what actually happened.
13. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
Codex Alexandrinus
AD mid-400’s
Showing the end of 2 Peter
and start of 1 John
14. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
Codex Vaticanus
AD 325 - 350
Showing the end of 2
Thessalonians and start of
Hebrews
15. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
Bodmer Papyri 75
AD 200 or earlier
Showing end of Luke and
start of John
16. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
Chester Beattie Library
(Dublin Castle)
AD 150 – 200
Showing the John 19:25-28
17. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
St. John at Ryland’s Library
AD 117 - 138
Showing fragment P52 of
John’s Gospel 18:31-33
This papyrus plus others
were acquired in 1920’s
Egypt by Bernard Grenfell
from Oxford.
18. Dates of the earliest known manuscripts extant
Muratorian List
AD 150 - 200
Showing the last page of
the Canon Muratori, a Latin
list of New Testament
writings then regarded as
canonical (scripturally
authoritative).
It was named after its
discoverer, Lodovico
Antonio Muratori, an Italian
scholar from Milan who
published the manuscript in
1740.
19. Textual variants in the manuscripts
There are 400,000 variations in New
Testament copies:
• spelling differences,
• a skipped line,
• inverted words “Jesus Christ” becomes “Christ Jesus”
• synonyms,
• conjunction of words,
• placement of comma (textually meaningful, though
non-variable variants)
• variants that are both meaningful and viable
20. Textual variants in the manuscripts
• Doesn’t affect the inerrancy of Scripture because
this deals with copies, not the autographs.
• The main reason there are so many textual variants
is because there are so many manuscripts!
• However, even with all those variations there's
99.5% agreement of the texts.
• Only 40 lines out of 20,000 lines of the text are in
question.
• No core doctrines of the New Testament are in
question and its message is unchanged.
21.
22. “Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of
the things that have been accomplished among us, just as those
who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the
word have delivered them to us, it seemed good to me
also, having followed all things closely for some time past, to
write an orderly account for you, most excellent
Theophilus, that you may have certainty concerning the things
you have been taught.”
Luke 1:1-4
23. “That which was from the beginning, which we have
heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we looked
upon and have touched with our hands, concerning the word of
life the life was made manifest, and we have seen it, and testify
to it and proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the
Father and was made manifest to us.”
1 John 1:1-3
24. “Knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes
from someone's own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever
produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they
were carried along by the Holy Spirit.”
2 Peter 1:20-21
25. “…the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise for
salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is breathed
out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of
God may be complete, equipped for every good work.”
2 Tim 3:15-17
26. “as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these
matters. There are some things in them that are hard to
understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own
destruction, as they do the other Scriptures.”
2 Peter 3:16
28. “Therefore I send you prophets and wise men and scribes, some
of whom you will kill and crucify, and some you will flog in your
synagogues and persecute from town to town,”
Matt 23:34
And he said to them, “Therefore every scribe who has been
trained for the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a
house, who brings out of his treasure what is new and what is
old.”
Matt 13:52
29. • Fears and doubts about the trustworthiness of the
New Testament are unfounded.
• You can trust the New Testament for its:
– Historical accuracy … eyewitnesses
– Reliable + pure transmission down the centuries.
– Tells the truth about God.
• Read it for yourself and let it convince you.
Have you come with doubts?Do you need equipped with evidence to do battle for truth?Pragmatism - because it works for you, it does something for you.Authority - somebody told you so and you take it to be so on their authority without checking. e.g. boiling the kettle to reach boiling point differs depending on altitude. Have you performed this for yourself to check if it is so? More than likely not.Tradition - because you were taught it and received it from church or family. Intuition - insight, a sense within yourself that it is so. Draws from a sense not from the mind.Mystical - someone who claim they have met or seen an angel who has told them about something. For example, a person who sees an angel who confirms the Bible.Evidential - broad sense, logic and evidence you get through experience i.e. picking up the Bible, listening to the arguments. This is the Biblical path for coming to a decision. See Mittelberg’s reason around 140 mins.
PerspectiveGod made the world and mankind with his eyes, ears and brain. He inspired the Old Testament.He sent Christ Jesus into the world to save sinners.Do you think he can successfully use faithful men through which to send a message and have it recorded?
Koine Greek: the language of the NTRapid SpreadGod chose this time in history to send His Son into the world and have the New Testament written as it was a time of relative political stability, with one major language, KoineGreek, used throughout the Roman Empire, thus facilitating the rapid spread of the Gospel.http://legacy.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/tc_pap66.html
Koine Greek: the spread of the Greek NT across the Roman Empire.http://www.davidrumsey.com/
All 8 writers, were devout, sincere baptised Jews who had been with Jesus for at least 3 years.Special mention: Paul, who saw the risen Jesus and went from being a persecutor of the early Christians, to being an Apostle.James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus.
Shows when they wrote the books of the NT.Why would you believe later accounts written 200 AD – 700 AD? i.e. Gnostic gospels or Islam?You wouldn’t!How did Christians get by for the first without the complete New Testament?Scripture – They relied on the Old Testament especially the Major Prophets + PsalmsSongs – 1 Tim 3:16, Phil 2:5-11 and Col 1:15-10Schooling - Little memory verses doctrinal summaries containing core theology: Mark 14:22-25, 1 Cor 15:3+4, 1 Tim 3:16, 1 Cor 8:5+6, Romans 1Sacrament – Baptism and the Lord’s Supper.These four things transmitted core theologyTo everyone, not just an elite.Every week when they met together.
If they got the details right on the minor things then we should trust them that they got the details right on the major things.Botany - sycamore trees spoken of in Luke 19 are found growing in the land at Jericho. They got it right.Personal names – the names of Jews living in ancient Palestine were different to those in Egypt. They got it right.How else would the writer know these things unless they were they and were eyewitnesses.
Comes from Jeremiah and Ezekiel's prophecy of how and why God would make a new covenant with the Jews through the coming Messiah …Jeremiah 31:31-34, Ezekiel 36:25-27There is a transition from the OT to the NT which is a change of covenants. Hebrews 10:9,15-20
Scholars call this “an embarrassment of riches”
http://carm.org/manuscript-evidencePliny the Younger, a Roman lawyer, author and magistrate from Ancient Rome. (61 – 112 AD). We have to wait 700 years before we get a copy of his work.The average classical ancient work has a 500 year span between the original writing and the earliest copies.From these works sampled on the graph there’s an average of 1000 years between the original writing and the earliest copies.Historians trust the works of Aristotle and Pliny etc even with their low # of copies and long span between writing and 1st copy.
Bodmer Papyri II collection AD 200 or earlierhttp://legacy.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/tc_pap75.html
Chester Beattie Library Collection mid 200’s
Show Ryland’s P45 fragment Ad 117 – 138And another timeline with links back to 2nd century.
Muratorian ListAnd another timeline with links back to 2nd century.
From 96 AD to 325 AD the early church fathers like Irenaeus, Justin Martyr, Polycarp (a pupil of the Apostle John), Ignatius, Tertullian, Origen, Clement of Rome, Mathetes, Barnabas, Papias and many others quoted the the NT 32,000+ times which means the NT can be reassembled from their quotes.Only 11 verses of the NT cannot be reconstructed through the writings of the Church Fathers.By as early as 110 AD Clement of Rome, Ignatius and Polycarp quote from or allude to 25 of the 27 documents of the NT in their writings.BTW: All their works are available online.
The person of Jesus of Nazareth towers over everything else in the New Testament.Thanks to the Holy Spirit inspiring the NT we know about Jesus’: birth, early life, teaching miracles, betrayal, trial, crucifixion, death, burial, resurrection, post-resurrection appearances, ascension,current session at the right hand of the Father watching over the world praying for the churchHis coming again
Most popular verse in the NT.PREACH IT.
http://www.faithcrc.net/?p=922
The Last Supper, with John the "Beloved Disciple" leaning on Jesus. Detail of the Passion Window, the left lancet window (as seen from the inside) beneath the west rose. One of only four windows dating from before 1150, it depicts scenes from the end of Christ's life, his passion and his resurrection.http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/chartres-cathedral-window-photos/slides/w03_7600c-last-supper.htm