Name: S.G.
Age: 51 years old
HOME CARE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
GOALS INTERVENTIONS
DIET
1. Maintain normal blood sugar level. Discuss the following to the patient.
 Eat more fiber-rich foods like vegetables.
 Avoid simple sugars like cakes and chocolates.
Instead have complex carbohydrate like rice,
pasta, cereals and fresh fruits.
 Do not skip or delay meals. It causes
fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
 Cut down on salt.
 Avoid alcohol.
EXERCISE
Discuss the following to the patient.
 The use of exercise in lowering blood glucose
level.
 The things to be consider during exercise and
its possible effects to the body.
Exercise at least 3 times a week for at least 30 minutes
each session.
Hypoglycemia – Always carry sugar sources like
candy, juices, or soft drinks to avoid low blood sugar
during and after exercise.
MONITORING
Discuss the following to the patient.
 The importance of SMBG in knowing the blood
sugar level.
 The proper techniques in conducting SMBG
using the glucometer. Coding and calibrating of
glucose strip.
Demonstrate and let patient have a return
demonstration on performing SMBG.
MEDICATION
Discuss the following to the patient.
 The importance of taking the medication at
right time, dose and frequency.
Biguanide - Metformin (Neoform) 100mg/tablet 1 tablet
thrice a day before meals
 The safety profile of the drug, its
contraindication, side effects, and drug
interactions.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Discuss the following to the patient.
 Factors that may relieve stress. Like engaging
self in some other leisure activities and
detaching from the source of stressors.
PATIENT EDUCATION
2. Delay onset/ reduce risk of developing diabetic Discuss the following to the patient and SO.
complications.  What is DM type2? The disease process of DM
type2 including its etiology, occurrence, and
3. Reduce risk for cardiovascular disease, renal disease risk factors.
including management of body weight, triglycerides  The complications of prolong high blood sugar
and cholesterol. level.
 The treatment for DM type2. (Lifestyle
Modifications)
Discuss the following to the patient.
4. Maintain and improve nutritional health by adopting  To consult to a dietician for a particular DM
healthy food choices. type2 diet
 Planning of meals in a day
 Fruits exchanges
 White meats
 Use of vegetable oils
INSULIN INJECTION
5. To demonstrate knowledge and skills of insulin 1. Discuss to patient her fears regarding insulin
injection. injections conveying a sense of empathy, and
identifying supportive coping techniques.
2. Demonstrate and explain thoroughly the
procedure for insulin self injection.
3. Help patient to master technique by taking a
step-by-step approach.
a. Allow patient time to handle insulin and
syringe to be familiar with the
equipment.
b. Teach self-injection first to alleviate
fear of pain from injection.
c. Instruct patient in filling syringe when
she express confidence in self-injection
procedure.
d. Review dosage and time of injections in
relation to meals, activity and bedtime
based on client’s individualized insulin
regimen. Include also the site of
injection.
4. Teach the patient regarding the importance of
knowing the onset, and peak action time of
insulin to prevent any possibility of
hypoglycemic reactions occurring during
therapy.
PATIENT EDUCATION FOR FOOT CARE:
6. Reduce risk of developing foot and eye injury. Discuss the following to the patient.
1. Provide meticulous skin care and proper foot
care.

2. Inspect feet daily and monitor feet for redness,
swelling, or break in skin integrity.
3. Notify the physician if redness on a break in the
skin care.
4. Avoid thermal injuries from hot water, heating
pads, and baths.
5. Wash feet with warm (not hot) water and dry
thoroughly (avoid foot soaks).
6. Do not soak feet.
7. Do not cross legs or wear tight garments that
may constrict blood flow.
8. Apply moisturizing lotion to the feet but not
between toes.
9. Prevent moisture from accumulating between
the toes.
10. Wear lose socks and well-fitting (not tight)
shoes, and instruct the client not to go barefoot.
11. Change into clean cotton socks daily.
12. Do not wear open-toed shoes or shoes with a
strap that goes between the toes.
13. Check shoes for cracks or tears in the lining and
for foreign objects.
14. Cut toenails straight across.
15. Do not smoke.
PATIENT EDUCATION FOR EYE CARE
Teach the visual complication of DM.
1. DM can cause diabetic retinopathy, which can
lead to vision loss.
2. There is a relationship between hyperglycemic
and diabetic retinopathy. It is extremely
important to normalize blood glucose level.
3. Hypertension can worsen diabetic retinopathy.
Its diagnosis and aggressive treatment are
important.
4. An ophthalmologist will be brought in to be
part of the client’s diabetes management
teamEarly laser photocoagulation therapy can
reduce risk of vision loss.
5. Instillation on Vitreolent drops in the
conjunctival sac once - TID.