1. LEVEL 3 ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES – LOADED COMPONENTS EQUATIONS
Direct and Shear Loading Equations
Subject Equation Variables and Units
Direct Stress 𝝈 =
𝑭 𝒏
𝑨
σ = direct stress in Pascals (Pa)
Fn = force normal to plane in
Newtons (N)
A = area of material plane in
meters squared (m2)
ε = direct strain (dimensionless)
ΔL = change in length in meters (m)
Lo = original length in meters (m)
E = Elastic Modulus in Pascals (Pa)
τ = shear stress in Pascals (Pa)
Fp = force parallel to plane in
Newtons (N)
γ = shear strain (dimensionless)
d = deflection in meters (m)
h = height in meters (m)
Modulus of Rigidity in Pascals (Pa)
Direct Strain 𝜺 =
∆𝒍
𝒍 𝒐
Elastic Modulus 𝑬 =
𝝈
𝜺
Shear Stress 𝝉 =
𝑭 𝒑
𝑨
Shear Strain 𝜸 =
𝒅
𝒉
Modulus of
Rigidity 𝑮 =
𝝉
𝜸