Beyond Page Objects

Beyond Page Objects Dante Briones SeleniumConf 5 April 2011 http://electronicingenuity.com dante@electronicingenuity.com @dantebrionesWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Let’s Start With A StoryWednesday, 06 April, 2011

A long time ago* in an investment bank far, far away... *(2005)Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Our HeroWednesday, 06 April, 2011

A Chance EncounterWednesday, 06 April, 2011

A New WeaponWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Engaging The EnemyWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Victory MUCH more readable!Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

What’s The Moral? (hint: it’s not about the developer, the author, or the book)Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

The DetailsWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Why Page Objects?Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Tests Are Code They need TLCWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Readability selenium.click(“id=itemAction1138”); assertEquals(“1”, selenium.getText(“css=#cart .count”)); vs. item.clickAddToCart(); assertEquals(1, cart.getItemCount());Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Stay DRY Test class: selenium.click(“id=zoom_out_action”); selenium.click(“id=zoom_out_action”); vs. Test class: map.zoomOut(); map.zoomOut(); Map class: selenium.click(“id=zoom_out_action”);Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Robustitude Thread.sleep(250); //wait for button to appear selenium.click(“id=a_button”); Thread.sleep(500); //wait for results to show up assertEquals(selenium.getText(“id=results”), “False Negatives suck!”);Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Sensible Names • catalogItem.addToCart() • blogEntry.post() • auction.bid(25.00)Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Small ClassesWednesday, 06 April, 2011

How Do We Get There? • Refactoring • Apply Design Patterns • Continuous ImprovementWednesday, 06 April, 2011

How Do We Get There?Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Context • Several consulting gigs over the past few years • Current client: • consumer-facing RIA • tests written with Selenium 1 API in JavaWednesday, 06 April, 2011

PRO TIP Use WebDriverWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Page Objects Recap • Model the application’s UI • Expose methods that reﬂect the things a user can see and do on that page • Hides the details of telling the browser how to do those thingsWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Page Object Beneﬁts • Readable tests • Reduced or eliminated duplication • Self-veriﬁcation • ReusabilityWednesday, 06 April, 2011

So Why Go “Beyond”? Web Apps Are Different NowWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Why Go “Beyond”? meh OMG SOOO MUCH BETTERWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Why Go “Beyond”?Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Why Go “Beyond”? Because modern web apps are dynamic and richWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Example: Pivotal TrackerWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Modeling The UI public class IssueSummary { public IssueDetail expand() {...} } public class IssueDetail { public void save() {...} public void cancel() {...} public String getStoryId() {...} }Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

What’s This, Then? I call them “Page Components”Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Method Chaining: Focus Stays Put public class IssueDetail { public void save() {...} public IssueDetail addComment(String comment) { ... return this; } } issueDetail.addComment().save();Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Method Chaining: Focus Moves Elsewhere public class IssueDetail { public ConfirmationDialog delete() { ... return new ConfirmationDialog(); } } issueDetail.delete().confirm(); or issueDetail.delete().cancel();Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Page Component Recap • Just like Page Objects... but littler • Use return types to model the user experienceWednesday, 06 April, 2011

ComponentFactory Do you like to type? I don’t.Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

ComponentFactory 1/(keystrokes Job Satisfaction = required write useful code)Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

ComponentFactory public class ComponentFactory { public IssueSummary issueSummary() { return new IssueSummary(...); } } public abstract BaseTestCase { protected ComponentFactory withComponent() { return new ComponentFactory(); } }Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

ComponentFactory new IssueSummary(selenium).expand(); vs. withComponent().issueSummary().expand();Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

ComponentFactory Recap • Interactive documentation • Easier entry point into component creation • Another way to use strong typing to make the tests easier to writeWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Indexed ComponentsWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Indexed Components IssueSummary summary = withComponent().backlog().issueSummary(0); assertEquals(summary.getTitle(), “some title”);Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Indexed Components CSS locators: Backlog = #backlog First issue summary = #backlog .issue-summary:nth(0) “Expand” button = #backlog .issue-summary:nth(0) .expand Title = #backlog .issue-summary:nth(0) .titleWednesday, 06 April, 2011

The Locator Class public class Locator { protected int index; public Locator(String rootLocator, int index) { this.rootLocator = rootLocator; this.index = index; } public String of(String containedElement) { return String.format(rootLocator, index) + " " + containedElement; } }Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Using A Locator public IssueDetail expand() { selenium.click(“#backlog .issue-summary:nth(0) .expand”); ... } vs. public IssueDetail expand() { selenium.expand(locator.of(“.expand”)); ... }Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Synchronization Issues Two kinds: 1. Element not present yet 2. Element content not updated yetWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() NO.* STEP AWAY FROM THE KEYBOARD.Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() NO.* STEP AWAY FROM THE KEYBOARD. (*unless you have no other choice)Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() Just be sure to wrap it in an appropriately named method:Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() Just be sure to wrap it in an appropriately named method: • sleepAsALastResortWhenNothingElseWorks()Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() Just be sure to wrap it in an appropriately named method: • sleepAsALastResortWhenNothingElseWorks() • sleepToMakeThisTestMoreFlakyThusEnsuringMyJobSecurity()Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thread.sleep() Just be sure to wrap it in an appropriately named method: • sleepAsALastResortWhenNothingElseWorks() • sleepToMakeThisTestMoreFlakyThusEnsuringMyJobSecurity() • sleepBecauseImTooLazyToSolveThisProperly()Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Use The Wait Class ...to delay the test until the app exhibits certain behavior rather than waiting for an arbitrary amount of time.Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Two Options 1. Subclass DefaultSelenium and override the click() method 2. Extract a BaseComponent class that provides a click() method for use by all subclassesWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Next Issue The element is present in the DOM, but doesnt contain the right data yet.Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Cleanest Solution Build the app for testabilityWednesday, 06 April, 2011

Next Best Solution public IssueDetail addComment() { int initialCount = getCommentCount(); selenium.type(locator.of(“.comment-entry”)); selenium.click(locator.of(“.add-comment”)); waitUntilCommentCountIs(initialCount + 1); return this; }Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Final Thoughts Beyond “Beyond”?Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Thank You! http://electronicingenuity.com dante@electronicingenuity.com @dantebrionesWednesday, 06 April, 2011

References • Dan North on Best Practices: • http://www.viddler.com/explore/kvarnhammar/videos/6/ • Adam Goucher on built-in test synchronization: • http://saucelabs.com/blog/index.php/2011/02/advanced-selenium- synchronization-with-latches/Wednesday, 06 April, 2011

Beyond Page Objects

by Dante Briones on Apr 06, 2011

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Beyond Page Objects — Presentation Transcript