Selenium

Automated Web Testing with Selenium
Deepak Mittal
Dec 15, 2007

Agenda
Introduction to Selenium
Quick Demo
Different ways of using Selenium
Best practices with using Selenium
Questions & Feedback

Quick Poll
Do you do Web Testing?
Do you do automated Web Testing?
Do you need to support & test your web-app on multiple browsers?
Which automated web-testing frameworks do you use?

What is Selenium?
A JavaScript based
Open Source
Web testing tool
That supports testing Web 2.0 applications
On multiple browsers
And multiple Operating Systems

What is Selenium
Acceptance Testing tool for web-apps
Tests run directly in browser
Implemented entirely using browser technologies -
JavaScript
DHTML
Frames

Origins of Selenium
Developed by ThoughtWorks to test new time and expenses system
Selenium is the key mineral to protect body from mercury toxicity
http://www.openqa.org/selenium

Selenium Modes
Test Runner Mode
test cases in HTML tables
Record-Playback mode (Selenium IDE)‏
Selenium Remote Control (RC) Mode
test-cases in your language of choice

Test Runner Mode

Selenium HTML Tests
Selenium tests are HTML files
Selenium interacts with the DOM served to browser
Selenium is agnostic of server side technology
Selenium HTML language is called Selenese

Selenese
Selenium declarative DSL : Selenese
Selenium understands two types of HTML files (which have simple HTML tables):
Tests
Test Suites
Every test is contained within a test suite
Point TestRunner.html at the test suite to run it

Format of a Selenium Test
HTML Table with 3 columns
First Column: Selenium command
Second Column: Target of command
Third Column: Optional parameter

Selenium Concepts
Element Locators : specify HTML elements
Patterns : for pattern matching values
Action : manipulate app state
Accessors : store results in variables
Assertion : verify that the app is in a certain state

Test Runner Demo
See Demo suite
Look at tests bundled with Selenium
Running selenium test in slow and fast mode

Problems with HTML Tests
Selenium is sensitive to the format of the table
No separation of concern
Duplication is a major issue
Tests need to be deployed with AUT (Application under Test)‏

Selenium Modes
Test Runner Mode

Selenium IDE
Very useful tool for beginners
Firefox extension which allows record/play testing paradigm
Automates commands, but asserts must be entered by hand
Creates the simplest possible Locator
Based on Selenese

Selenium IDE Demo
Look at firefox extension
Look at various possible commands
Record a test on AUT and play-back
Save the test at HTML file
Export the test as Java / Ruby

Selenium Modes
Test Runner Mode

Selenium RC Mode

Selenium RC Mode Demo
Run selenium server
Look at sample tests

Maintaining Selenium Tests
Test code is just like production code
Needs re-factoring, abstraction
API for the application
Can build tests from API building blocks
Try to maintain meaning – in test names, variable names, comments, and suite organization

Selenium with Continuous Integration
Run Selenium tests as part of the build
Can generate HTML reports, published to entire team
Helps catch bugs ASAP

Ajax Support
Selenium supports testing Web 2.0 applications
Monitor the DOM for completion of Async calls
waitForCondition(script, timeout)‏

Useful Selenium Tools
Chris Pederick's Web Developer toolbar
XPather
Firebug
Xpath Checker

Selenium Best Practices
Use Ids wherever possible (xpaths make the tests brittle)‏
Use data-driven tests. Use a JSP/PHP page to generate tests
In order to generate unique Ids, use timestamp
Use the right level of granularity

What have we not covered?
Continuous Integration set-ups
Creating screencasts using Selenium
Testing of Ajax applications
Selenium Commands in detail
User Extensions
Using Python/Ruby/C# ...

Selenium Limitations
Slow when testing all the edge cases
Slow for testing fine-grained features – set-up and tear-down are called for each test

Selenium Strengths
For testing Ajax applications
Multiple browsers
Test full-stack

Interesting Possibilities
Delivering Selenium Screencast as Documentation to end-users
Creating a report with screenshots
A Server having VMWare images of various OS/browser and each submitting a report back

Summary
Selenium is a testing framework for Web Applications
Drivers allow web testing in language of choice
Test scripts are code: need maintenance, re-factoring

Summary
Can be used on Developer machines
Most valuable when used with CI set-up
Can be used to make screen casts
Tests run on real browser – most people use it to test their JavaScript works predictably on all browsers

Summary
Can be used for unit-testing, regression testing, smoke-testing, integration and acceptance testing

References / Attribution
Neal Ford's presentation on Selenium
Selenium site
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

Feedback
[email_address]

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