An Introduction to Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell An introduction to...

Dale Lane [email_address] IBM Hursley Park

What is Windows PowerShell? How does PowerShell work? How can I 'hack' PowerShell so that it can be used with my product? Agenda

What is Windows PowerShell?

What is Windows PowerShell for?

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN Building GUIs on top of PowerShell

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN Interactive command shell

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN Scripting

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN COM Scripting for WMI

What is Windows PowerShell for? ADMIN

How does PowerShell work?

Get-Process

a verb a noun Get-Process

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714428.aspx The verbs

The verbs Consistent Learnable Readable

Get-Process | Where { $_.Handles -gt 500 } | Sort Handles | Format-Table

HELP!

HELP! Get-Command Get-Help Get-PSDrive Get-Members

What command do I need?

How does it work?

Consistent Get-Process | Where { $_.Handles -gt 500 } | Sort Handles | Format-Table

What data stores are available?

Windows Registry

Certificates

Environment variables

Variables

'dir' ?

Aliases

Stopping a process kill -9 `ps -aef | grep 'notepad' | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`

Stopping a process kill -9 `ps -aef | grep 'notepad' | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'` Why so complicated?

Stopping a process Get-Process notepad | Stop-Process

Stopping a process Get-Process notepad | Stop-Process Why so much easier?

Select Where Sort Compare

-Confirm -Verbose -WhatIf -Debug

Get-Process | Export-Csv

Using .NET

([xml](new-object Net.WebClient) .DownloadString ($bbc_news_rss_url)).rss.channel.item | Select title, Desc*, *date -first 8

How can I “ hack” PowerShell?

Why?

WebSphere MQ “ Queue” “ Message” “ Queue Manager”

a verb a noun Get-Process

a verb product name object type http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714657.aspx Get-ProdObject

“ Some of the queues used by the sales team are getting a bit full. Can you increase the amount of space in them?”

Get-Command Get-*WMQ*Queue

Get-WMQQueue

Where {$_.Name -like “SALES.*” -and $_.CurrentDepth -gt ($_.MaximumDepth - 10)}

Select Name, CurrentDepth, MaximumDepth

ForEach-Object -process {Set-WMQQueue $_ -MaximumDepth ($_.MaximumDepth * 2)}

Get-Member

Where {$_.CreationDateTime -ge $(Get-Date -month 10 -day 15 -year 2007) -and $_.CreationDateTime -le $(Get-Date -month 10 -day 20 -year 2007)}

“ Set the maximum depth for all cluster queues that start with a letter between 'D' and 'K'to 20.”

“ Set the maximum depth for all cluster queues that start with a letter between 'D' and 'K'to 20.” Get-WMQQueue * * | Where {$_.Name -like "[D-K]*" -and $_.ClusterName -ne ''} | Set-WMQQueue -MaximumDepth 20

“ Set the maximum depth for all cluster queues that start with a letter between 'D' and 'K'to 20.” Get-WMQQueue * * | Where {$_.Name -like "[D-K]*" -and $_.ClusterName -ne ''} | Set-WMQQueue -MAXDEPTH 20

“ Get a list of non-system sender channels, showing the name, connection name, transmission queue, SSL Cipher Spec, and the name of the queue manager it is on.”

“ Get a list of non-system sender channels, showing the name, connection name, transmission queue, SSL Cipher Spec, and the name of the queue manager it is on.” Get-WMQChannel * * | Where {$_.ChannelType -eq [IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCHT_SENDER -and $_.Name -match "^(?!SYSTEM).*"} | Select Name, Conn*Name, Trans*Name, SSLCiph*, @{e={$_.QueueManager.Name};n='Host'} Name ConnectionName TransmissionQueueName SSLCipherSpec Host ---- -------------- --------------------- ------------- ---- SECURE dlane.hursley.ibm.com(9090) TRANS1 NULL_MD5 post SECURE.R dlane.hursley.ibm.com(9091) TRANSR TRIPLE_DES_SHA_US test

Export-CSV ConvertTo-HTML

How?

What can I do with PowerShell? Ad-hoc scripts Production scripts

What can I do with PowerShell?

try stuff out in an interactive shell

tie a few things together in utilities

build commands up into a script

generalize (parameterize, etc.)

clean up and productize

share!

Ad-hoc function Get-WMQQueue ($qmgr) { # display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException] { Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode + " RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode) continue } # if we have a connection to a queue manager... if ($qmgr -ne $null) { $qNames = Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr) foreach ($queuename in $qNames) { $nextQueue = $qmgr.AccessQueue($queuename.Trim(), [IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQOO_INQUIRE) Write-Output $nextQueue } } else { Write-Host "No queue manager connection" } }

Ad-hoc function Get-WMQQueueManager($name, $hostname, $port, $svrconn) { # display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException] { Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode + " RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode) continue } # hashtable to describe the connection to the queue manager $connProperties = New-Object System.Collections.Hashtable if (($hostname -eq $null) -and ($port -eq $null) -and ($svrconn -eq $null)) { # user has not provided any information for a client connection # so we default to a local bindings connection type $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_PROPERTY, [string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_BINDINGS) }

Ad-hoc else { # user has provided some information for a client connection # # a future version of this should provide support for other # connection types (e.g. managed or XA client) but for # my initial purposes, bindings and client connections are # sufficient $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_PROPERTY, [string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_CLIENT) if ($hostname -ne $null) { $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::HOST_NAME_PROPERTY, $hostname) }

Ad-hoc if ($svrconn -ne $null) { $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::CHANNEL_PROPERTY, $svrconn) } else { # use a sensible default # this wont be to everyone's tastes, but will often be # right for me, and will save me a lot of typing! $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::CHANNEL_PROPERTY, "SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN") }

Ad-hoc if ($port -ne $null) { $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::PORT_PROPERTY, $port) } else { # use a sensible default # this wont be to everyone's tastes, but will often be # right for me, and will save me a lot of typing! $connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::PORT_PROPERTY, "1414") } } return New-Object IBM.WMQ.MQQueueManager($name, $connProperties) }

Ad-hoc function Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr) { # display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException] { Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode + " RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode) continue } # if we have a connection to a queue manager... if ($qmgr -ne $null) { # using PCF to access a list of queue names # # this is sort of cheating - this is an undocumented, unsupported # API, and I wrote this using tab-complete to identify what # seems like sensible method names # # please do *not* take this as any sort of IBM recommendation # or endorsement to use PCF in C# # [IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessageAgent]$agent = New-Object IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessageAgent $agent.Connect($qmgr)

Ad-hoc [IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage]$request = New-Object IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCMD_INQUIRE_Q_NAMES) $request.AddParameter([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCA_Q_NAME, "*") $request.AddParameter([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQIA_Q_TYPE, [IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQQT_LOCAL) [IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage[]]$responses = $agent.Send($request, $TRUE) [IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFParameter[]]$pcfParms = $responses[0].GetParameters() $queueNames = $pcfParms[0].GetValue() # we don't want to display temporary queues # (such as that which will have been created by the PCF command!) # so we filter the response array before returning it return $queueNames | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_ -notlike "AMQ.*"} } else { Write-Host "No queue manager" } }

Ad-hoc

http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=256835 Production

Production “ How to Create a Windows PowerShell Cmdlet” walkthrough http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714598.aspx

Production “ How to Create a Windows PowerShell Cmdlet” walkthrough http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714598.aspx “ PowerShell Cmdlet guidelines” http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714657.aspx

Production #region GetProcCommand /// <summary> /// This class implements a Get-Proc cmdlet that has no parameters. /// </summary> [Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Proc")] public class GetProcCommand : Cmdlet { #region Cmdlet Overrides /// <summary> /// For each of the requested process names, retrieve and write /// the associated processes. /// </summary> protected override void ProcessRecord() { // Get the current processes Process[] processes = Process.GetProcesses(); // Write the processes to the pipeline making them available to the // next cmdlet. The second parameter tells PowerShell to enumerate the // array, and send one process at a time to the pipeline WriteObject(processes, true); } #endregion Overrides } #endregion GetProcCommand

Production