Introduction to LINUX Applications by Cybernazi

Introduction To GNU/Linux GLOSS Vikas Mishra ( THE CYBERNAZI ) Viswanathan Karthik

Welcome to Linux
Linux is a clone of UNIX.
It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991
The PC existed but it was commonly running the Microsoft operating systems and used the Intel chip which did not support commonly unix.
DOS was available but didn’t meet his needs
Because Linus had used minix at Uni
Miniux was a small very basic UNIX-like system which was compatible with the Intel platform, being used in the universities for teaching.
And wanted same features at home but could not afford the cost of proprietary hardware on which to run a UNIX system.
So he started to create one based on the minux sourcecode – with many contributions from other people over the internet.
1991 – Linus Torvalds created the linux kernel.

What is unix
unix is an operating system
There are many different types of unix.
But they all came from a common background.
The Internet was built on UNIX.
TCP/IP is a native UNIX protocol.
Today 80% of the worlds Internet Web servers are using Linux.
unix has commonly been used for the past 30 years .
It was created in 1969 - long before Microsoft existed.
It was the 1st worldwide commercial operating system.
Unix has always commonly been used on mainframes.
Today as “linux” it is also commonly being used on PC’s as servers & desktops

1991 - Creation of Linux
Linus Torvalds did not write an entire operating system
He wrote a full complete version of a kernel.
Which he called Linux.
He chose a Penguin to represent his kernel
It’s main advantage is it’s - Compatibility for Intel systems.
This meant it could be run on any generic PC computer systems .
The Linux Kernel is written and distributed as an opensource product.
Linus Torvals is part of the opensource community
And as he believes in their opensource philosophy
The linux kernel was created with the input from many other developers around the world.
Opensource community believe in collaboration for the open development of products and distribution of all sourcecode .
Linux Penguin

Idea of the Opensource came from The Free Software Foundation
Richard Stallman started the …
Free Software Foundation
FSF is a non profit organization designed to protect and promote:
freedom for both the user and the IT industry.
The term free software, refers to S/W freedom, not price.
FREEDOM of Distribution NOT Free price
Basic Philosophy :
People who put their software under the GPL believe in ‘Free Distribution’
Meaning that they believe that the source code for the software cannot be withheld.
It does not mean that they or companies cannot charge for it.

Open Source Software (FLOSS)
This type of software uses a GPL or opensource licences.
What it gives you?
Freedom to use
Freedom to examine
Freedom to redistribute
Freedom to modify
What it doesn’t let you do?
Deny these freedoms to anyone else

GNU/Linux
1990 Richard Stallman
One of the people who started this “open” philosophy.
Has nearly completed his new GNU operating system based on the UNIX system.
He had most of the modules but was still missing the main part !
The kernel.
1991 Linus Torvalds creates the kernel then releases it out on an internet FTP server for everyone else’s opinion & help.
When complete Linux kernel was released under the GPL license.
Slowly but steadily news of Linux spread and work continued.
1992 The Linux kernel is combined with the already created GNU modules & utilities and now becomes a fully useable operating system
Distributions of Linux start appearing.
There are now about 1000 Linux Users
Footnote: These figure are based on the OS Revolution movie

The 1990’s
1993 Internet explosion starts and there’s also an ISP explosion which
cause’s the 1st viable Linux commercial application.
The Apache Web Server .
There are now about 500,000 Linux Users
1997 Eric Raymond writes a paper called the ‘ Catheral & Baazar ’ in which he
analyzes the development & differences of the
‘ proprietary’ software model verse the ‘opensource’ software models.
The article takes the IT industry by storm.
Eric Raymond becomes a front man for the new opensource movement.
Netscape director reads the article and in direct response freely releases the source code of the Navigator software.
Netscape is the 1 st large company to go opensource.
There are now about 800,000 Linux Users

Many Linux Distributions Appear

There are many Linux Distributions

Lates 1990’s
1998
Linus, Linux & the opensource movement starts becoming commonly known. And gaining momentum.
Linus appears on TV
On the front of the Forbes Business Magazine.
IBM, Oracle, Compaq, SAP + others announce their support for Linux.
There are now about 1.5 million Linux Users
1999
1 st Linux World Conference – 6000 people attend
Linus delivers the opening and keynote presentation.
Red Hat goes public

The 2000’s
2002
Red Hat splits into 2 versions
RHEL - their enterprise/business version with which you purchase support
Fedora – their home version with no support
2003
Novell buys SuSE Linux for $210 million
IBM is now the most powerful backer of Linux.
To counterbalance the world of Linux they make a 50 million dollar investment in Novell.
SuSE becomes the major enterprize competitor to Red Hat.
SLES - their enterprise/business version with which you purchase support
opensuse – their home version with no support

Using Linux
Original Linux Kernel uses Command Line Interface
CLI ( Command Line Interface )
Universal Interface ( Administrative tool )
Hard to learn
GUI ( Graphical User Interface )
Looks different on each version of linux
All are great customizable desktop’s with good looking desktop
Easy to adopt and control by users
Easy controls and applicable tools
Easy use of Multimedia contents
Great opensource GUI applications available

The command line
Common environment available in all distributions.
Works about 95% the same in all distributions.

CL Interface is not new ! Windows The DOS Prompt Linux The BASH Shell

Linux GUI Environments
Most distributions ship with a GUI
But they can be very different from each other.
There are competing GUI environments in Linux:
GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME)
Kommon Desktop Environment (KDE)
But the Core component of a linux GUI is called X Windows
XWindows is the just the engine on which a desktop manager runs and supplies the GUI desktop.
The GUI environment is created by X Windows in combination with a window manager and desktop environment

August 18, 2009 suse

GNOME Desktop A Linux graphical user interface

KDE Desktop

GNOME Web Site Http://www.gnome.org

Today many b usiness environments are commonly using Linux servers to provide their Networking Services
Network Services are all available
And most are inbuilt
Roaming user profiles
Shared network locations for file sharing
Network Printing
Mail
Web
Proxy
DNS
DHCP
FTP
Firewall

Desktop applications
Linux also has many applications available
Many of them are inbuilt applications
Word processing (OpenOffice, Koffice)
Programming (C, C++, Perl, Python, Java, PHP)
Graphics (GIMP)
Web browsers (Mozilla, Konquerer)
Email (Evolution, Mozilla, KMail)
Audio (amarok)
Games (MAME)
See http://sourceforge.net for lots of opensource software
All available as opensource applications.

Openoffice
Many companies are now using linux on their desktops as their Office productivity suite:
Openoffice supplies the following inbuilt applications
Writer = word processing
Calc = spreadsheets
Impress = slide show’s
Base = database

Linux ends the monopoly…

Linux Today
2008
Linux has gone fully mainstream !!!
Today Linux has grown from being a hacker / home developed OS to being accepted world wide.
It is highly regarded and runs many many major enterprises.
Many sites are now also using it on their client machines.
Linux currently has an estimated user figures ranging from 20 to 30 million.
And growing!

Linux Tomorrow!
Many countries / governments are going fully opensource
Especially in the developing countries
USA government is moving towards opensource
USA regularly holds conferences with the opensource community to discuss the impact that the opensource community has on the use of future IT.
All the major opensource IT companies are involved
First - Microsoft chose to ignore opensource.
Hoped it would go away – Then tried to make it go away!
But now even Microsoft attends the conferences.
Microsoft has even be known to have a stand at the Linux Trade Shows

THANK YOU ;-)
thecybernazi.blogspot.com
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GLOSS

Introduction to LINUX Applications by Cybernazi

by Vikas Mishra on Aug 18, 2009

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Introduction to LINUX Applications by Cybernazi — Presentation Transcript