SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 109
Download to read offline
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden




    Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants
                   Project SOUND - 2009
                                               © Project SOUND
Butterfly Flights in
    Your Yard



 C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
   CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve

     Madrona Marsh Preserve
        July 7 & 11, 2009
                                    © Project SOUND
Our assignment: get rid of lawn & create butterfly habitat




                                               © Project SOUND
First Question: What are our assets?

                   Well-draining loam soil –
                    can plant most native
                    plants
                   Already have some good
                    ‘heritage plants’
                      Several small citrus trees
                      Catalina Island Cherry
                       hedge/screen nearby
                      Dense non-native screen
                       provides shelter, perches

                   Flexible watering
                    system: grass area
                    somewhat dry in summer
                                      © Project SOUND
Location is key for butterfly gardens
                   In a sunny protected area
                    of your yard – we need to
                    check the sun/shade
                    patterns
                   Away from traffic - not a
                    good choice for parking
                    strips.
                   Out of heavy winds.
                    Butterflies won't stay
                    where they are being
                    blown around. Dense
                    screen is perfect for this.

                                    © Project SOUND
Winter sun & shade pattern – about 11:00 a.m.   © Project SOUND
Summer sun & shade pattern – about 11:00 a.m.   © Project SOUND
Citrus –
                                                            Zone 2

Roses & existing screen
are Zone 3




       Water Zones – the challenge of ‘heritage plants’ © Project SOUND
Zone 3 in winter/
Zone 2/3 summer     Zone 2/3




                         © Project SOUND
What do we need for a Butterfly Garden?




                        Checkered Skipper
                                     © Project SOUND
Two important first questions

              What butterfly species do
               I want to attract?
                 Are there particular
                  butterflies we really want to
                  attract?
                 What butterflies occur
                  commonly in my area?

              Do I want to just attract
               adult butterflies, or do I
               want to create true
               butterfly habitat (provide
               everything the butterflies
               need to live in my yard)?

                                    © Project SOUND
Participating in the annual July Butterfly Count is a
        great way to learn about butterflies




                                             © Project SOUND
The ‘S. Bay Butterflies & Their Native
Food Sources’ list is another place to start




                                    © Project SOUND
We’ll be e-mailing you some other
                        resources

                 Nectar Sources list
                 Larval Food Sources
                  list
                 List of good
                  butterfly resources
                    Books focused on our
                     area
                    Internet resources




                              © Project SOUND
We decide we really want to attract the following
    butterflies – and we want them to stay
                     Swallowtails
                     Monarchs
                     Ladies
                     Blue Butterflies
                     Skippers (several species already
                      found in the garden)




                                              © Project SOUND
First we need to understand the life
                cycle of butterflies

                                              If we want
                                               to provide
                                               habitat, we’ll
                                               have to
                                               provide for
                                               all stages of
                                               the life cycle



http://basrelief.org/NewFiles/lifecyc.html
                                                    © Project SOUND
What butterflies need: keys to providing
                          butterfly habitat
                   Adult food: nectar plants,
                    fruit, sap
                   Larval food plants: often
                    quite specific
                   Water
                   Minerals and salt (mud)
                   Perching/sunning places;
                    protection from wind
                   Hiding places for larvae
                    (caterpillars) & pupae
                    (cocoons)
                                      © Project SOUND
 Butterflies need sunlight. They are cold-blooded, so they
  use the sun to warm up their bodies. Pick a sunny spot for
  your garden and place a few flat stones around so the
  butterflies can rest while warming up.
                                                     © Project SOUND
 Butterflies need shelter from wind and rain, and a place to
  rest at night. Planting your garden near shrubs and trees will
  give them the shelter they need.
                                                      © Project SOUND
Butterflies also need a source of water

                     Butterflies cannot drink
                      from deep water sources
                      such as a birdbath
                     Provide water as:
                        Damp or muddy areas of the
                         garden – around the roses
                        A shallow dish filled with
                         sand or gravel & refilled
                         each morning – on a post or
                         hung from a tree
                        A birdbath or fountain with
                         gravel/rocks to provide
                         shallow water


                                          © Project SOUND
Confusion about
                                                                                                      ‘butterfly plants’

                                                                                                           Many ‘butterfly
                                                                                                            plants’ and ‘butterfly
                                                                                                            bushes’ are from
    http://butterflybush.net/blog/                                                                          other parts of the
                                                                                                            country:
                                                                                                                    May not grow so well
                                                                                                                     here

                                                                                                                    May not be
                                                                                                                     appropriate for our
                                                                                                                     local butterflies


                                                          http://www.soonerplantfarm.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=plants.plantDetail&plant_id=158   © Project SOUND

http://www.evelynsgardens.net/Gardens/Garden_Hummingbird_Butterfly.htm
The delicate dance between food plants
and butterflies
                   Co-evolution of plants and
                    insects
                      ‘food’ is specially formulated for
                       our species – and for our climate
                      Some non-native ‘butterfly
                       plants’ don’t provide all the
                       requirements – native vs. non-
                       native Milkweeds

                   Impact of non-native
                    horticultural plants – all show
                    and no nutrition
                   Impact of loss of habitat –
                    our yards are important
                    habitat                © Project SOUND
If you were a butterfly, what kind of plant
                          would you like?

                 Lots of little flowers filled
                  with nectar
                      Sunflower family (Asteraceae)
                      Buckwheat genus (Eriogonum )
                      Milkweed genus (Asclepias )
                      Fiddleneck genus (Phacelia)

                    Pea family (Fabaceae)
                    Grasses


                                         © Project SOUND
Caterpillars are born to eat….




              It takes a huge amount of energy
              (food) to grow & metamorphose
              into a butterfly

                                    © Project SOUND
 Decide what your gardening philosophy is
 Remember that providing larval food is more important (for
  survival of a species) than providing nectar plants
                                                    © Project SOUND
If you were a caterpillar what would you
like to eat?

             Readily accessible
             Succulent
             Easy to digest
             Non-toxic
             Not too
              protected: hairs,
              secretions, etc.


             Larval (caterpillar) food plants are often very
             specific – you need to plant the larval food plants
             for the species you want to attract
                                                   © Project SOUND
You become fascinated with the Fatal
Metalmark Butterfly - Calephelis nemesis
                          Habitat: brushy or weedy
                           areas along roadsides,
                           washes, ditches, and streams
                          Adult food – any nectar plant
                          Larval food – very specific
                             Mule Fat – Baccharis
                               salicifolia
                             ? Virgin’s Bower – native
                              Clematis species




                              http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1637
                                                          © Project SOUND
First, draw a base map




                         © Project SOUND
Then add the large plants




                            © Project SOUND
Mule Fat – Baccharis salicifolia




                                   © Project SOUND
Mule Fat – Baccharis salicifolia
                                                                      Western Hemisphere
                                                                         Ca to S. America, Texas
                                                                         Much of CA: Northwestern
                                                                          California, Cascade Range
                                                                          Foothills, Sierra Nevada
                                                                          Foothills, Great Central
                                                                          Valley, Tehachapi Mountain
                                                                          Area, Central Western
                                                                          California, Southwestern
                                                                          California, Desert
                                                                      Canyon bottoms, moist
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,781,789
                                                                       streamsides, irrigation
                                                                       ditches, often forming
                                                                       thickets
                                                                      Common name: Mule Fat;
                                                                       Mulefat; Mule-fat; Mule’s Fat;
                                                                       Water-Willy; Sticky
                                                                       Baccharis

                                                                                        © Project SOUND
Mule Fat – a large bush sunflower!
                Size:
                   8-10 ft tall
                     8-10 ft wide

                Growth form:
                   Shrubby; many stems
                   Evergreen to drought deciduous
                   Can be pruned and shaped to fit
                    needs

                Foliage:
                   Shiny green leaves, becoming
                    darker with age
                   Characteristic scent
                   Food for Fatal Metalmark larva

                Roots:
                   Netlike – very good for erosion
                    control             © Project SOUND
Mule Fat’s “Willow-like” Leaves




http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/shrubs_sewi.htm




 An example of “convergent evolution”
 Leaf shape helps protect riparian plants from
  water damage
                                                                 © Project SOUND
Flowers are definitely
     Sunflower
 Blooms:
    Long bloom season
    Year-round, but most heavy
     bloom periods spring and fall in
     western L.A. Co.

 Flowers:
    Separate male & female plants
    Nectar attracts many insects,
     including butterflies

 Seeds:
    Small seeds with fluffy
     ‘parachute’

 Vegetative reproduction:
  common and easy
                      © Project SOUND
Mule Fat flowers are clearly sunflowers – even
            without the ray flowers




                             Willow “catkin” for comparison




                                             © Project SOUND
Mule Fat provides important
              resources to the community
                                                            Habitat considerations
                                                               Butterfly and bee nectar plant
                                                               Browse for deer and elk
                                                               Shelter/nest site for birds,
                                                                small mammals and reptiles

                                                            Human uses
                                                               Young shoots – famine food
                                                               Stem - charcoal (gun power and
                                                                fire starting)
                                                               Stems – arrow shafts, paint
                                                                brushes and building material
http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/whites/white21.html


                                                                (sturdy but bend)
                                                                                   © Project SOUND
 Soils:
Mule Fat is Adaptable        Texture: any
                             pH: any local

                         Light:
                             Full sun to light shade
                         Water:
                             Winter: flooding to fairly dry
                             Summer:
                                Fine with Zone 1-3 once
                                 established (after first
                                 summer)
                                Will grow faster with more
                                 water

                         Fertilizer: adaptable; fine with an
                           organic mulch, light fertilizer

                         Can be pruned – even radically –
                          to shape or renew
                                                 © Project SOUND
Mule Fat: one of our
                                                                            best habitat plants
                                                                                Hedges & screens
                                                                                Trained as a small tree
                                                                                Espaliered along a wall
                                                                                Always good habitat for
                                                                                 insects, birds




                                              http://www.flickr.com/photo
                                              s/pcoin/99549969/




                                                                                               © Project SOUND
http://www.flickr.com/photos/73431753@N00/278039992
Inspiration from the pros:
                                                                                     butterfly gardens

                                                                                    Provide easy access
                                                                                    Provide places to sit and
                                                                                     enjoy the butterflies &
                                                                                     other wildlife
                                                                                    The garden can be either
                                                                                     formal or informal in style
                                                                                    The garden should look
                                                                                     pretty – at least much of
                                                                                     the year

 http://backtonatives.blogspot.com/2008/03/bird-of-prey-talk-hike.html
                                                                                                      © Project SOUND
http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/48550aea-257e-4adf-83e6-d2548e740dea.jpg
When you replace a lawn, access becomes an issue




                                        © Project SOUND
Additional inspiration
                                                            Mass plantings – pretty &
                                                             affective
                                                            Provide some grass areas
                                                            ? Signage (if you wanted your
                                                             garden to serve an educational
                                                             role)
                                                             ‘functional art’ – butterfly
   http://www.uky.edu/Arboretum/membership.html
                                                         
                                                             water source




http://www.yerbabuenagardens.com/features/gardens.html


                                                             http://a2zhomeschool.com/homeschoolmouse/category/events/
                                                                                                         © Project SOUND
How to attract more Skippers
                                                               Several native species of Skippers
                                                                we might attract – see the list
                                                               Need all the normal amenities:
                                                                  Water
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9428166@N03/2687279040/
                                                                  Perching places
            Sandhill Skipper                                      Etc.

                                                               Adult (nectar) sources:
                                                                  Milkweeds
                                                                  Clovers
                                                                  Plants in Sunflower family (Yarrow;
                                                                   Asters; many others)
                                                                  Buckwheats

                                                               Larval food sources:
                                                                  Native and non-native grasses – no
                                                                   wonder we already have Skippers
      http://www.bixby.org/parkside/multimedia/butterflies/


            Wandering Skipper                                                             © Project SOUND
Let’s add a little grass for Skippers…




                                © Project SOUND
Saltgrass – Distichlis spicata




                            © Project SOUND
 Widely distributed – western
 North America
 Found through much of CA in
   Coastal salt marshes
   Moist alkaline areas
   Vernal alkaline areas

                   © Project SOUND
Saltgrass
 Stiff perennial grass
  with numerous long
  stems
 Warm-season grass
 Sod-forming – spreads
  by rhizomes
 May grow flat or more
  erect (4-16 inches tall)
 Looks somewhat like
  Bermuda Grass
                 © Project SOUND
Pretty left to grow – or can be mowed




                                 © Project SOUND
Benefits of Saltgrass
 Can withstand harsh conditions –
  salt/alkali soils, seasonal flooding,
  seasonal drought
 Good habitat for birds (seeds and
  cover) and butterflies (Skippers)
 Good for controlling wind or water
  erosion
 Highly resistant to trampling –
  even for playing fields, golf
  courses
 Looks like Bermuda Grass – and
  can be treated like it


                          © Project SOUND
Keys to a successful Saltgrass lawn

                Lawns usually started from plugs or
                 cut sections of rhizomes
                   Best done in winter
                   Bury rhizomes 1-2 inches
                   Keep ground moist until established

                Needs full sun

                Needs winter moisture; can water
                 in summer to keep green

                Mow infrequently

                Needs no/little added fertilizer

                                         © Project SOUND
Saltgrass at end of dry season – no water




                                   © Project SOUND
Now let’s add a little color…
                     Flowering
                      perennials and sub-
                      shrubs make sense
                      in a small garden
                     Choose wisely:
                        Some plants provide
                         both adult and
                         larval food

                        Some plants are
                         showier than others

                        Some plants are
                         better suited to our
                         local conditions
                                © Project SOUND
Sticky Monkeyflowers – like a little shade




                                    © Project SOUND
Sticky (Bush) Monkey Flower -
       Mimulus/Diplacus aurantiacus




http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Mimulus-aurantiacus/
                                                        © Project SOUND
Sticky (Bush) Monkey Flower -
                               Mimulus/Diplacus aurantiacus

                                                                         Much debate about what
                                                                          genus it should belong to

                                                                         Much debate about how
                                                                          many species – may just
                                                                          be a few with much
                                                                          variability

                                                                         Much of western &
                                                                          southern CA to Baja

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7386,7390


                                                                                        © Project SOUND
Sticky Monkeyflower in the wild
                                                                                                               rocky hillsides
                                                                                                               cliffs
                                                                                                               canyon slopes
                                                                                                               disturbed
                                                                                                                areas
                                                                                                               borders of
                                                                                                                coastal sage
                                                                                                                scrub,
                                                                                                                chaparral,
                                                                                                                open forest
http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/monkeyb2.htm



                                                                                                              Dry, open areas with
                                                                                                              poor soils
                                 http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/diplacus-aurantiacus          © Project SOUND
Growth habit and other characteristics

                         Size: 2-4 ft tall and wide
                         Narrow glossy sticky dark
                          green leaves
                         Summer-deciduous in hot
                          climates/gardens
                         Attractive mounding to
                          sprawling shape
                         Lives to 10 years – slightly
                          less in gardens, particularly if
                          given summer water
                         Young leaves can be eaten (a
                          bit bitter, tho’) and were
                          used as an antiseptic for
                          cuts, rope burns, etc.


                                           © Project SOUND
Many uses for Sticky Monkeyflower in
the garden

                         On hillsides or banks
                         In rock gardens
                         In garden beds with
                          other native plants that
                          thrive on a dry period
                         In large pots or
                          planters
                         As an accent plant –
                          showy flowers
                         In a “hummingbird” or
                          “butterfly garden”

                                       © Project SOUND
Succeeding with Sticky Monkeyflower
                                                              Does best in sandy or rocky soils – soil
                                                               needs to be well-drained; too much
                                                               water, particularly in winter leads to
                                                               fungal disease, short life
                                                              Full sun to part-shade (best for most
                                                               gardens)
                                                              Give plants a dormant period at the end
                                                               of summer – no water; can give some
                                                               summer water before that
                                                              Prune back each fall to 18 inches or so;
                                                               or prune back to ground every third
                                                               year. Can also prune after spring bloom
                                                               to encourage fall blooms
                                                              Propagate new plants from cuttings to
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/miau.htm       replace old plants

                                                                                          © Project SOUND
Fantastic flower colors
                                                Blooms: year-round in S. Bay;
                                                 most profuse in summer

                                                Flowers:
                                                   Clusters of small tubular flowers
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College        with the usual monkey face
                                                    appearance.
                                                   Flower color range is salmon to
                                                    brick-red to crimson.

                                                Good nectar source:
                                                   Hummingbird pollinated; but also
                                                    attracts bees, butterflies (esp.
                                                    Checkerspots & Buckeyes)

                                                Seeds:
                                                   many small, in dry capsule
You can also grow Shrubby
Monkeyflowers from tip cuttings                    Easy to grow from seed
                                                                       © Project SOUND
Buckwheats like sun – and are great habitat plants




                                          © Project SOUND
California Buckwheat - Eriogonum fasciculatum




                                       © Project SOUND
California Buckwheat - Eriogonum fasciculatum
                                                                                                                        Southwestern U.S.
                                                                                                                           to Utah, Arizona, nw Mexico
                                                                                                                           s Sierra Nevada, Central
                                                                                                                            Western California,
                                                                                                                            Southwestern California,
                                                                                                                            East of Sierra Nevada,
                                                                                                                            Desert
                                                                                                                        Common. Dry slopes, washes,
                                                                                                                         canyons in scrub < 2300 m.
var. fasciculatum
                                                                                                                        fasciculatum : derived from
                           var. foliolosum                                                                               a Latin word meaning
                                                                                                                         "bundles" and describing the
                                                                                                                         way the leaves are attached
                                                                                                                         to the leaf stem in little
                                                                                                                         bunches or 'fascicles'


                                                                        http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/dendrology/Syllab
                                                                        us2/factsheet.cfm?ID=639
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994,6045
                                                                                                                                         © Project SOUND
Characteristics of California Buckwheat

                                                       Size: similar to Dune Buckwheat
                                                          2-5 ft tall
                                                           3-5 ft wide

                                                       Growth form:
                                                           low mounded semi-evergreen
http://www.newportbay.org/plants/index.html
                                                            shrub
                                                           Many-branched

                                                 Foliage:
                                                    Leave alternate, but densely clustered
                                                     at nodes, evergreen, narrow lanceolate
                                                     (nearly needle-like)


                                                                                © Project SOUND
  http://www.birdmom.net/wildflowerspink.html
http://www.newportbay.org/plants/index.html




Dune Buckwheat – E. parvifolium   CA Buckwheat – E. fasciculatum
                                                                                © Project SOUND
CA Buckwheat:      Great for summer color: May-
showy for months     Nov. possible

                    As an alternative to the non-
                     native Rosemary

                    In perennial beds

                    On parking strips & bordering
                     paths and driveways

                    For erosion control

                    Larval foodsource for Morman
                     Metalmark, Bramble Hairstreak,
                     Common Hairstreak, Avalon Hairstreak


                     Shrubby Buckwheats can even be
                     sheared to shape for a more formal
                     look
                                           © Project SOUND
CA Buckwheat cultivars make good
groundcovers  ‘Dana Point’ - brighter green leaf, more
                      mounding than species

                     'Bruce Dickinson' – good for
                      groundcover; stays close to the ground,
                      spreads nicely, and holds good form
                      throughout the year.




    ‘Dana Point’            http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/erfabd.htm


                                 ‘Bruce Dickinson’
                                                                                         © Project SOUND
CA Buckwheat cultivars make good
                                                               groundcovers
                                                                             ‘Theodore Payne' – low groundcover
                                                                              (1 ft high; 1-3 ft spread)
                                                                             'Warriner Lytle' - A sprawling low
                                                                              growing California buckwheat; can
                                                                              grow to 2 feet tall but is often more
                                                                              prostrate, hugging the ground like a
http://www.theodorepayne.org/gallery/pages/E/Eriogonum_fasciculatum_Th        mat
eodorePayne.htm

                       ‘Theodore Payne’




  http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=3070

               ‘Warriner Lytle’                                                     ‘Warriner Lytle’   © Project SOUND
Cultivars & species: choose carefully..




                                                                                      ‘Warriner Lytle’


   http://www.letsgoseeit.com/index/county/la/claremont/loc01/cultivar/cultivar.htm




 Buckwheats produce hybrids readily; plant only locally
  obtained plants if you live near natural stands
                                                                                                         © Project SOUND
 CA Buckwheat looks its best in full sun
 Occasional summer water to keep it looking good – but
  very drought tolerant
                                                 © Project SOUND
Managing shrubby    Most are low maintenance
                    By fall, the flowers turn a
  buckwheats         reddish-brown
                        Easily deadheaded, if desired
                        Or (better) retained for the
                         change of color and for bird
                         habitat.

                    Cut back in late fall to mid-winter
                     to encourage herbaceous growth
                     over woody look
                        Leave several inches of woody
                         growth

                    Cutting it back to 6” in late fall
                     keeps the woody growth to a
                     minimum and the plant looking its
                     best the year round.

                    When the shrub is becoming too
                     leggy, it needs to be replaced.
                                           © Project SOUND
Make sure you can
                                                                        enjoy your butterfly
                                                                              garden
                                                                         Comfortable seating,
                                                                          strategically placed
                                                                         Plan your planting based
http://lobojosden.blogspot.com/2007/12/butterfly-garden.html              on your most likely views




                                                                                         © Project SOUND
 http://www.dunedingov.com/home.aspx?page=departments/library/library
Many butterflies use CA native
                             Milkweeds




                                                  http://www.laspilitas.com/butterfl_files/Acmon_blue
http://www.gardeningwithnatives.com/articles/su   _on_narrow-leaf_milkweed.jpg
mmerplants.html




             Tiger swallowtail
             Acmon Blue
             Monarch

                                                                                                        © Project SOUND
                                                     http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-
                                                     california/plants/asclepias-fascicularis
Place milkweeds in a slightly shadier area




                          Buckwheats




                  grass



                                       © Project SOUND
The Milkweed family (Asclepidaceae)
             Very large family - ~ 2,000 species
             Includes perennial herbs, vines, shrubs
             The common name "milkweed" refers to
              the milky, white sap produced when the
              stem is broken.
             Many are poisonous if eaten by
              humans/animals
             The term "weed" refers to the fact that
              milkweed grows in poor soil
             The   principal genus in California is
              Asclepias, of which there are 11 species.


                                           © Project SOUND
Narrow-leaf Milkweed - Asclepias fascicularis




                        http://www.insectnet.com/photos/flora1/milkweed1.htm
                                                                      © Project SOUND
Showy Milkweed – Asclepias speciosa




© 2004 George W. Hartwell

                               © Project SOUND
Milkweeds
                        Milkweeds are found in
                         many areas of CA
                           In the South Bay, Narrow-
                            leaf Milkweed found only
 Showy Milkweed             in S. Channel Islands

                        Sites are typically
                           Winter wet/summer dry
                           Sunny to light shade
                           Barren soil (bare areas in
                            chaparral/Oak woodlands;
                            streambeds; alluvial areas)

Narrow-leaf Milkweed
                                           © Project SOUND
Milkweed family has unusual flowers
            and seeds
                                                           The petals of the 5-parted
                                                            flowers are reflexed and the
                                                            anthers unite to the stigma in
                                                            the form of a crown with 5
                                                            hood-like appendages.

                                                           The numerous seeds bear tufts
                                                            of silky hairs at their tips for
                                                            efficient wind dispersal.




     http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/pictures/a100.jpg

                                                                              © Project SOUND
Milkweed pods and seeds


                                                                                                                   seeds




http://www.keiriosity.com/asclepiadaceae/asclepias_f
ascicularis02.jpg                                      http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/PLANTS2/A
                                                       sclepiadaceae/Asclepias_fascicularis.htm




        How do you think these seeds are dispersed?
                                                                                                             © Project SOUND
Consider Using Milkweeds

             For butterfly gardens:
              nectar source for many
              species; larval food for
              Monarchs
             For showy white-pink
              flowers in summer
             Along paths and
              walkways
             In mid-beds – would look
              nice with brighter pinks
              and purple flowers
                             © Project SOUND
Tricks to gardening with Milkweeds
                  Easy to grow
                  Plant (seeds) in place if
                   possible
                  Does best in well-drained soil
                   – but can tolerate clay if not
                   over-watered
                  Full to part sun
                  Average water needs – keep
                   somewhat dry. Can tolerate
                   winter flooding
                  Cut back to ground in winter
                   (native Californians burned it
                   to encourage healthy growth)

                                      © Project SOUND
Let’s add some other flowering plants for interest




            Perennials & annuals    Buckwheats




                            grass



                                                 © Project SOUND
Common Sandaster - Corethrogyne filaginifolia
                                         vars. californica and filaginifolia




http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiaaster.html
                                                                               © Project SOUND
Common Sandaster - Corethrogyne filaginifolia
           vars. californica and filaginifolia

                                                 common and widespread plant in coastal
                                                  sage scrub, southern oak woodlands and
                                                  grasslands, and on dry, brushy
                                                  chaparral slopes
         var. californica
                                                 Taxonomy is confusing:
                                                      Many still use the old name for the
                                                       species: Lessingia filaginifolia
                                                      Highly variable species; now lumped
                                                       them all together under variant
                                                       filaginifolia - variants need further
                                                       research
                                                 var. californica – adapted to slightly
                                                  wetter, ocean-influenced habitats
         var. filaginifolia                      var. filaginifolia – adapted to slightly
                                                  drier habitats


                                                                                                                           © Project SOUND
                       http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Lessingia+filaginifolia+var.+filaginifolia
 Common Sandaster varies
                                                                greatly depending on the
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiaaster.html
                                                                amount of water it gets


                                                                              © Project SOUND
Common Sandaster is typical of plants in
  the sunflower family (Asteraceae)

                     Compound floral heads
                        Ray flowers (outer)
                            Brightly colored (usually
                             yellow (bee pollinated) or
                             blue-purple
                            Serve to direct the
                             pollinator to the nectar

                        Disk flowers (central)
                            Small; often yellow or dark-
                             colored
                            Make nectar to attract
                             pollinators
                            Form the seeds


                                           © Project SOUND
Growing native perennial sunflowers is
                          usually easy
                                                               Choose a sunny location: most
                                                                need full or near-full sun
                                                               Plant seed in place in fall
                                                                   Prepare soil; lightly rake seed
                                                                    in
                                                                   use fresh, locally-collected
                                                                    seed if possible
                                                               Insure adequate winter/spring
                                                                rain
                                                               Withhold water after
                                                                flowering to promote seed
                                                                production
                                                               Many will self-seed; or collect
                                                                and store the seed in a cool
                                                                dry place
http://www.coestatepark.com/lessingia_filaginifolia_coe.htm

                                                                                       © Project SOUND
Many Sunflower species
                                                               are “two-in-one plants
http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/nocut.html
                                                               Sand Asters are good nectar
                                                                producers:
                                                                  Good food plant for native bees
                                                                   and other pollinators
                                                                  Provide nectar for many
                                                                   butterflies from Skippers to
                                                                   Swallowtails

                                                               They are also good butterfly
                                                                larval plants
                                                                  Gabb’s Checkerspot – endangered
                                                                  Moths

     http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/pictures/a1142.jpg


                                                                                        © Project SOUND
Don’t like this look?


  http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/PLANTS2/Asteraceae/C
  orethrogyne%20filaginifolia%20v.htm




Then how about this?


                                                                              http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/astercu3.htm


                                                                                          © Project SOUND
‘Silver Carpet’ Sandaster
      (var. californica)

 A Santa Barbara Botanic Garden
  Introduction
 From coastal bluffs exposed to
  ocean spray in Monterey County
 Attractive foliage
    Silver-white; looks nice all year
     long
    blends well with other plants

 Pretty flowers – late summer
    summer blossoms provide
     welcome cool color in a season
     when warmer-toned natives
     prevail.

                         © Project SOUND
‘Silver Carpet’
                                                                              Sandaster
                                                                       Low-growing – makes a nice
                                                                        low groundcover
                                                                           spilling down a slope or over a
                                                                            low wall.
http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantphotos/SilvCarp_ws_400dm.jpg
                                                                           Even in native grasses

                                                                       Fast-growing (3-5 ft/yr) but
                                                                        not invasive
                                                                       More tolerant of average
                                                                        garden watering regimens
                                                                       Hardy
                                                                       Readily available

                                                                      Nectar plant only – but a good one!
                                                                                            © Project SOUND
Other good generalist perennials to add
                     Achillea – Yarrow
                     Eriophyllum – Wallflowers
                     Sidalcea – Checkermallow
                     Vetches & Lotus
                     Lupines
                     Add other perennials, annuals & grasses
                      depending on butterfly species




                                                  © Project SOUND
S. CA Ladies – how to attract them




American Lady   Painted Lady   West Coast Lady

                                 © Project SOUND
Food fit for a Lady……       Adult food – many native (and non-
                             native) flowering plants

                            Larval food
                               Sunflower family
                                   Thistles – Cirsium species
                                    [Painted Lady]
                                   Others
                               Everlastings - Pseudognaphalium
                                (Gnaphalium) [American Lady]
                               Borage Family
     Cirsium occidentale           Amsinckia
                                   Cryptantha
                               Nettle Family - Urtica species
                               Bedstraws – Galium species
                               Mallow Family [Painted & West
                                Coast Ladies]
                                   Lavatera
                                   Malacothamnus
                                   Sidalcea
         Sidalcea                                     © Project SOUND
Finally, add some low species at the front…




         Perennials & annuals    Buckwheats




                         grass



                                              © Project SOUND
Some possible low species
          Evergreen
            Carex species – sedges

          Seasonal
              Smaller grasses
              Clovers (Trifolium)
              Checkerbloom
              Annual wildflowers




                          © Project SOUND
Bull clover/ Sour Clover – Trifolium fucatum




© 2004 Carol W. Witham


                                             © Project SOUND
Bull clover – Trifolium fucatum

                             West coast of N. America from
                              OR to Baja

                             In CA either:
                                Foothills of Sierras and other
                                 ranges
                                Coastally-influenced areas <
                                 3000 ft. elevation

                             Locally abundant. Moist, open
                              grassland, ditches, marshes,
                              roadsides, sometimes saline or
                              serpentine soils
                             fucatum: painted, dyed

© 2005 George W. Hartwell
                                                   © Project SOUND
Bull Clover is a fairly typical native annual clover
                          Size:
                             < 1 ft tall
                                1-3 ft wide; slightly spreading

                          Growth form:
                              Mounded; low-lying
                              Typical for clovers

                          Foliage:
                              Leaves typical ‘clover-leaf’ – often
                               white-patterned
                              Stems robust, hollow

                          Roots:
                              Have symbiotic relationship with
                               nitrogen-fixing bacteria
                              Leave roots in soil to improve soil
                               fertility
                                                      © Project SOUND
Flowers are among the prettier clover flowers
                     Blooms:
                        Usually Apr-June in S. CA ; after
                         weather warms up
                        Long bloom period with
                         supplemental water

                     Flowers:
                        Typical for clover; small pea-type
                         flowers in a ball-like head
                        Cream-colored tinged with
                         pink/mauve
                        Edible

                     Seeds:
                        Small
                        Edible fresh

                                              © Project SOUND
Clovers – not hard to grow once you know
                                              the trick
                                 Soils:
                                     Texture: any well-drained
                                     pH: any, including alkali
                                     Even takes salty soils

                                 Light: full sun to part-shade; good
                                   under deciduous trees

                                 Water:
                                     Winter: needs moist soils
                                     Summer: needs regular water
                                      until flowering ceases – then cut
                                      back

                                 Fertilizer: not needed, but
                                   probably won’t hurt

                                 Other: to start seeds give them a
© 2007 Aaron Schusteff
                                   hot-water treatment
                                                           © Project SOUND
Foothill Clover – Trifolium ciliolatum




http://www.kenbowles.net/sdwildflowers/FamilyIndexes/FabaceaeClover/FabaceaeCloverKey.htm   © Project SOUND
Pin-point Clover – Trifolium gracilentum




© 2006 Doreen L. Smith

                                      © Project SOUND
Rancheria Clover – Trifolium albopurpureum




  http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/clovera.htm


                                               © Project SOUND
Now we’ve got a plan for what we’ll plant next fall




            Perennials & annuals    Buckwheats




                            grass

               Low                         Low

                                                 © Project SOUND
What butterflies might visit our garden?
   Swallowtails: Anise, Western Tiger, Giant
   Cabbage White
   Orange Sulphur
   Gray Hairstreak
   Blues: Acmon, Marine, Western Pygmy
   Fatal Metalmark
   Mourning Cloak
   Ladies: American, West Coast
   Common Buckeye
   Red Admiral
   Monarch
   Funereal Duskywing
   Skippers: Western Checkered, Sandhill, Fiery, Umber + others


    And some of these species might raise their families!
                                                          © Project SOUND
Suggestions for creating a butterfly-
            friendly garden
                           Include important nectar and
                            larval food plants; when possible
                            from local sources
                           Mass/group plants
                           Include plants that bloom at
                            different times
                           Consider including some good non-
                            native food plants

                           Use safe methods of insect
                            control – no pesticides
                           Encourage others in your
Research & experiment       neighborhood to plant butterfly-
                            friendly plants


                                                © Project SOUND
Visit local butterfly
                                                                                                   gardens



http://www.visitusa.com/california/photos/orangecounty-beaches/dohenystatebeach.htm


                   Doheny State Beach




 http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-butterflies18nov18-pg,0,4856731.photogallery?index=12

                                                                                                           © Project SOUND
                  Shipley Nature Center
Let’s go look at some butterfly plants




                                © Project SOUND

More Related Content

Similar to Butterfly Gardening 2009

Planning for Pollinators-2013 notes
Planning for Pollinators-2013 notesPlanning for Pollinators-2013 notes
Planning for Pollinators-2013 notescvadheim
 
Weeds 2009
Weeds   2009Weeds   2009
Weeds 2009cvadheim
 
Perfect Perennials 2012
Perfect Perennials   2012Perfect Perennials   2012
Perfect Perennials 2012cvadheim
 
Fabulous ferns 2011
Fabulous ferns   2011 Fabulous ferns   2011
Fabulous ferns 2011 cvadheim
 
Promoting pollinators 2010
Promoting pollinators   2010Promoting pollinators   2010
Promoting pollinators 2010cvadheim
 
Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012
Native plants & the vegetable garden   2012Native plants & the vegetable garden   2012
Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012cvadheim
 
Herps 2017
Herps   2017Herps   2017
Herps 2017cvadheim
 
Hospitable Habitat - Notes
Hospitable Habitat - NotesHospitable Habitat - Notes
Hospitable Habitat - Notescvadheim
 
Bird habitat 2017
Bird habitat   2017Bird habitat   2017
Bird habitat 2017cvadheim
 
Simply succulent 2009
Simply succulent    2009Simply succulent    2009
Simply succulent 2009cvadheim
 
Seeds for birds 2009
Seeds for birds   2009Seeds for birds   2009
Seeds for birds 2009cvadheim
 
Herps 2017-notes
Herps   2017-notesHerps   2017-notes
Herps 2017-notescvadheim
 
First two years 2011
First two years   2011First two years   2011
First two years 2011cvadheim
 
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful Solution
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful SolutionKY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful Solution
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful SolutionSotirakou964
 
Gardening for Bee Pollinators 2011
Gardening for Bee Pollinators   2011Gardening for Bee Pollinators   2011
Gardening for Bee Pollinators 2011cvadheim
 
Bird habitat 2017-notes
Bird habitat   2017-notesBird habitat   2017-notes
Bird habitat 2017-notescvadheim
 
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notes
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - NotesFirst Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notes
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notescvadheim
 
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - final
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - finalPlanning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - final
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - finalcvadheim
 
Planning for Pollinators 2013
Planning for Pollinators   2013Planning for Pollinators   2013
Planning for Pollinators 2013cvadheim
 
Pollinators 2017
Pollinators   2017Pollinators   2017
Pollinators 2017cvadheim
 

Similar to Butterfly Gardening 2009 (20)

Planning for Pollinators-2013 notes
Planning for Pollinators-2013 notesPlanning for Pollinators-2013 notes
Planning for Pollinators-2013 notes
 
Weeds 2009
Weeds   2009Weeds   2009
Weeds 2009
 
Perfect Perennials 2012
Perfect Perennials   2012Perfect Perennials   2012
Perfect Perennials 2012
 
Fabulous ferns 2011
Fabulous ferns   2011 Fabulous ferns   2011
Fabulous ferns 2011
 
Promoting pollinators 2010
Promoting pollinators   2010Promoting pollinators   2010
Promoting pollinators 2010
 
Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012
Native plants & the vegetable garden   2012Native plants & the vegetable garden   2012
Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012
 
Herps 2017
Herps   2017Herps   2017
Herps 2017
 
Hospitable Habitat - Notes
Hospitable Habitat - NotesHospitable Habitat - Notes
Hospitable Habitat - Notes
 
Bird habitat 2017
Bird habitat   2017Bird habitat   2017
Bird habitat 2017
 
Simply succulent 2009
Simply succulent    2009Simply succulent    2009
Simply succulent 2009
 
Seeds for birds 2009
Seeds for birds   2009Seeds for birds   2009
Seeds for birds 2009
 
Herps 2017-notes
Herps   2017-notesHerps   2017-notes
Herps 2017-notes
 
First two years 2011
First two years   2011First two years   2011
First two years 2011
 
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful Solution
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful SolutionKY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful Solution
KY: Rain Garden: A Beautiful Solution
 
Gardening for Bee Pollinators 2011
Gardening for Bee Pollinators   2011Gardening for Bee Pollinators   2011
Gardening for Bee Pollinators 2011
 
Bird habitat 2017-notes
Bird habitat   2017-notesBird habitat   2017-notes
Bird habitat 2017-notes
 
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notes
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - NotesFirst Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notes
First Two Years in Water-wise Garden - Notes
 
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - final
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - finalPlanning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - final
Planning 'Hummingbird Heaven' with water- wise hummingbird plants - 2014 - final
 
Planning for Pollinators 2013
Planning for Pollinators   2013Planning for Pollinators   2013
Planning for Pollinators 2013
 
Pollinators 2017
Pollinators   2017Pollinators   2017
Pollinators 2017
 

More from cvadheim

Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdfGardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdfcvadheim
 
Through the Years-2022.pdf
Through the Years-2022.pdfThrough the Years-2022.pdf
Through the Years-2022.pdfcvadheim
 
Journey Through the Seasons.pdf
Journey Through the Seasons.pdfJourney Through the Seasons.pdf
Journey Through the Seasons.pdfcvadheim
 
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolata
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolataGardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolata
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolatacvadheim
 
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdfGardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdfcvadheim
 
Gardening sheet cornus sericea
Gardening sheet   cornus sericeaGardening sheet   cornus sericea
Gardening sheet cornus sericeacvadheim
 
Krascheninnikovia lanata photo show
Krascheninnikovia lanata    photo showKrascheninnikovia lanata    photo show
Krascheninnikovia lanata photo showcvadheim
 
Gardening sheet krascheninnikovia lanata
Gardening sheet   krascheninnikovia lanataGardening sheet   krascheninnikovia lanata
Gardening sheet krascheninnikovia lanatacvadheim
 
Bouteloua gracilis web show
Bouteloua gracilis   web showBouteloua gracilis   web show
Bouteloua gracilis web showcvadheim
 
Gardening sheet bouteloua gracilis
Gardening sheet   bouteloua gracilisGardening sheet   bouteloua gracilis
Gardening sheet bouteloua graciliscvadheim
 
Philadelphus lewisii web show-2020
Philadelphus lewisii    web show-2020Philadelphus lewisii    web show-2020
Philadelphus lewisii web show-2020cvadheim
 
Water zone gardening
Water zone gardeningWater zone gardening
Water zone gardeningcvadheim
 
Garden tips planting native plants
Garden tips   planting native plants Garden tips   planting native plants
Garden tips planting native plants cvadheim
 
Epilobium canum garden photos
Epilobium canum    garden photosEpilobium canum    garden photos
Epilobium canum garden photoscvadheim
 
Gardening sheet epilobium canum
Gardening sheet   epilobium canumGardening sheet   epilobium canum
Gardening sheet epilobium canumcvadheim
 
Gardening sheet berlandiera lyrata
Gardening sheet   berlandiera lyrataGardening sheet   berlandiera lyrata
Gardening sheet berlandiera lyratacvadheim
 
Mentha arvensis photo show
Mentha arvensis   photo showMentha arvensis   photo show
Mentha arvensis photo showcvadheim
 
Gardening sheet mentha arvensis
Gardening sheet   mentha arvensisGardening sheet   mentha arvensis
Gardening sheet mentha arvensiscvadheim
 
Ribes aureum photo show
Ribes aureum   photo showRibes aureum   photo show
Ribes aureum photo showcvadheim
 
Shepherdia argentea photo show
Shepherdia argentea   photo showShepherdia argentea   photo show
Shepherdia argentea photo showcvadheim
 

More from cvadheim (20)

Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdfGardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Agastache foeniculum.pdf
 
Through the Years-2022.pdf
Through the Years-2022.pdfThrough the Years-2022.pdf
Through the Years-2022.pdf
 
Journey Through the Seasons.pdf
Journey Through the Seasons.pdfJourney Through the Seasons.pdf
Journey Through the Seasons.pdf
 
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolata
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolataGardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolata
Gardening Sheet - Coreopsis lanceolata
 
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdfGardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdf
Gardening Sheet - Eriogonum umbellatum.pdf
 
Gardening sheet cornus sericea
Gardening sheet   cornus sericeaGardening sheet   cornus sericea
Gardening sheet cornus sericea
 
Krascheninnikovia lanata photo show
Krascheninnikovia lanata    photo showKrascheninnikovia lanata    photo show
Krascheninnikovia lanata photo show
 
Gardening sheet krascheninnikovia lanata
Gardening sheet   krascheninnikovia lanataGardening sheet   krascheninnikovia lanata
Gardening sheet krascheninnikovia lanata
 
Bouteloua gracilis web show
Bouteloua gracilis   web showBouteloua gracilis   web show
Bouteloua gracilis web show
 
Gardening sheet bouteloua gracilis
Gardening sheet   bouteloua gracilisGardening sheet   bouteloua gracilis
Gardening sheet bouteloua gracilis
 
Philadelphus lewisii web show-2020
Philadelphus lewisii    web show-2020Philadelphus lewisii    web show-2020
Philadelphus lewisii web show-2020
 
Water zone gardening
Water zone gardeningWater zone gardening
Water zone gardening
 
Garden tips planting native plants
Garden tips   planting native plants Garden tips   planting native plants
Garden tips planting native plants
 
Epilobium canum garden photos
Epilobium canum    garden photosEpilobium canum    garden photos
Epilobium canum garden photos
 
Gardening sheet epilobium canum
Gardening sheet   epilobium canumGardening sheet   epilobium canum
Gardening sheet epilobium canum
 
Gardening sheet berlandiera lyrata
Gardening sheet   berlandiera lyrataGardening sheet   berlandiera lyrata
Gardening sheet berlandiera lyrata
 
Mentha arvensis photo show
Mentha arvensis   photo showMentha arvensis   photo show
Mentha arvensis photo show
 
Gardening sheet mentha arvensis
Gardening sheet   mentha arvensisGardening sheet   mentha arvensis
Gardening sheet mentha arvensis
 
Ribes aureum photo show
Ribes aureum   photo showRibes aureum   photo show
Ribes aureum photo show
 
Shepherdia argentea photo show
Shepherdia argentea   photo showShepherdia argentea   photo show
Shepherdia argentea photo show
 

Recently uploaded

DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...AKSHAYMAGAR17
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...Sandy Millin
 
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designQuantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designBalelaBoru
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024bsellato
 
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptxmary850239
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptxmary850239
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptxGOWSIKRAJA PALANISAMY
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandDr. Sarita Anand
 
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptx
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptxPlant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptx
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptxHimansu10
 
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxBBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 

Recently uploaded (20)

DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
 
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research MethodologyANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
 
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designQuantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
 
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx
3.14.24 The Selma March and the Voting Rights Act.pptx
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
 
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptx
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptxPlant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptx
Plant Tissue culture., Plasticity, Totipotency, pptx
 
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research MethodologyLeast Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptxBBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
BBA 205 BE UNIT 2 economic systems prof dr kanchan.pptx
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
 
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodologyt-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard DeviationProblems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
 

Butterfly Gardening 2009

  • 1. Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants Project SOUND - 2009 © Project SOUND
  • 2. Butterfly Flights in Your Yard C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve July 7 & 11, 2009 © Project SOUND
  • 3. Our assignment: get rid of lawn & create butterfly habitat © Project SOUND
  • 4. First Question: What are our assets?  Well-draining loam soil – can plant most native plants  Already have some good ‘heritage plants’  Several small citrus trees  Catalina Island Cherry hedge/screen nearby  Dense non-native screen provides shelter, perches  Flexible watering system: grass area somewhat dry in summer © Project SOUND
  • 5. Location is key for butterfly gardens  In a sunny protected area of your yard – we need to check the sun/shade patterns  Away from traffic - not a good choice for parking strips.  Out of heavy winds. Butterflies won't stay where they are being blown around. Dense screen is perfect for this. © Project SOUND
  • 6. Winter sun & shade pattern – about 11:00 a.m. © Project SOUND
  • 7. Summer sun & shade pattern – about 11:00 a.m. © Project SOUND
  • 8. Citrus – Zone 2 Roses & existing screen are Zone 3 Water Zones – the challenge of ‘heritage plants’ © Project SOUND
  • 9. Zone 3 in winter/ Zone 2/3 summer Zone 2/3 © Project SOUND
  • 10. What do we need for a Butterfly Garden? Checkered Skipper © Project SOUND
  • 11. Two important first questions  What butterfly species do I want to attract?  Are there particular butterflies we really want to attract?  What butterflies occur commonly in my area?  Do I want to just attract adult butterflies, or do I want to create true butterfly habitat (provide everything the butterflies need to live in my yard)? © Project SOUND
  • 12. Participating in the annual July Butterfly Count is a great way to learn about butterflies © Project SOUND
  • 13. The ‘S. Bay Butterflies & Their Native Food Sources’ list is another place to start © Project SOUND
  • 14. We’ll be e-mailing you some other resources  Nectar Sources list  Larval Food Sources list  List of good butterfly resources  Books focused on our area  Internet resources © Project SOUND
  • 15. We decide we really want to attract the following butterflies – and we want them to stay  Swallowtails  Monarchs  Ladies  Blue Butterflies  Skippers (several species already found in the garden) © Project SOUND
  • 16. First we need to understand the life cycle of butterflies  If we want to provide habitat, we’ll have to provide for all stages of the life cycle http://basrelief.org/NewFiles/lifecyc.html © Project SOUND
  • 17. What butterflies need: keys to providing butterfly habitat  Adult food: nectar plants, fruit, sap  Larval food plants: often quite specific  Water  Minerals and salt (mud)  Perching/sunning places; protection from wind  Hiding places for larvae (caterpillars) & pupae (cocoons) © Project SOUND
  • 18.  Butterflies need sunlight. They are cold-blooded, so they use the sun to warm up their bodies. Pick a sunny spot for your garden and place a few flat stones around so the butterflies can rest while warming up. © Project SOUND
  • 19.  Butterflies need shelter from wind and rain, and a place to rest at night. Planting your garden near shrubs and trees will give them the shelter they need. © Project SOUND
  • 20. Butterflies also need a source of water  Butterflies cannot drink from deep water sources such as a birdbath  Provide water as:  Damp or muddy areas of the garden – around the roses  A shallow dish filled with sand or gravel & refilled each morning – on a post or hung from a tree  A birdbath or fountain with gravel/rocks to provide shallow water © Project SOUND
  • 21. Confusion about ‘butterfly plants’  Many ‘butterfly plants’ and ‘butterfly bushes’ are from http://butterflybush.net/blog/ other parts of the country:  May not grow so well here  May not be appropriate for our local butterflies http://www.soonerplantfarm.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=plants.plantDetail&plant_id=158 © Project SOUND http://www.evelynsgardens.net/Gardens/Garden_Hummingbird_Butterfly.htm
  • 22. The delicate dance between food plants and butterflies  Co-evolution of plants and insects  ‘food’ is specially formulated for our species – and for our climate  Some non-native ‘butterfly plants’ don’t provide all the requirements – native vs. non- native Milkweeds  Impact of non-native horticultural plants – all show and no nutrition  Impact of loss of habitat – our yards are important habitat © Project SOUND
  • 23. If you were a butterfly, what kind of plant would you like?  Lots of little flowers filled with nectar  Sunflower family (Asteraceae)  Buckwheat genus (Eriogonum )  Milkweed genus (Asclepias )  Fiddleneck genus (Phacelia)  Pea family (Fabaceae)  Grasses © Project SOUND
  • 24. Caterpillars are born to eat…. It takes a huge amount of energy (food) to grow & metamorphose into a butterfly © Project SOUND
  • 25.  Decide what your gardening philosophy is  Remember that providing larval food is more important (for survival of a species) than providing nectar plants © Project SOUND
  • 26. If you were a caterpillar what would you like to eat?  Readily accessible  Succulent  Easy to digest  Non-toxic  Not too protected: hairs, secretions, etc. Larval (caterpillar) food plants are often very specific – you need to plant the larval food plants for the species you want to attract © Project SOUND
  • 27. You become fascinated with the Fatal Metalmark Butterfly - Calephelis nemesis  Habitat: brushy or weedy areas along roadsides, washes, ditches, and streams  Adult food – any nectar plant  Larval food – very specific  Mule Fat – Baccharis salicifolia  ? Virgin’s Bower – native Clematis species http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1637 © Project SOUND
  • 28. First, draw a base map © Project SOUND
  • 29. Then add the large plants © Project SOUND
  • 30. Mule Fat – Baccharis salicifolia © Project SOUND
  • 31. Mule Fat – Baccharis salicifolia  Western Hemisphere  Ca to S. America, Texas  Much of CA: Northwestern California, Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Central Western California, Southwestern California, Desert  Canyon bottoms, moist http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,781,789 streamsides, irrigation ditches, often forming thickets  Common name: Mule Fat; Mulefat; Mule-fat; Mule’s Fat; Water-Willy; Sticky Baccharis © Project SOUND
  • 32. Mule Fat – a large bush sunflower!  Size:  8-10 ft tall  8-10 ft wide  Growth form:  Shrubby; many stems  Evergreen to drought deciduous  Can be pruned and shaped to fit needs  Foliage:  Shiny green leaves, becoming darker with age  Characteristic scent  Food for Fatal Metalmark larva  Roots:  Netlike – very good for erosion control © Project SOUND
  • 33. Mule Fat’s “Willow-like” Leaves http://wc.pima.edu/Bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/shrubs_sewi.htm  An example of “convergent evolution”  Leaf shape helps protect riparian plants from water damage © Project SOUND
  • 34. Flowers are definitely Sunflower  Blooms:  Long bloom season  Year-round, but most heavy bloom periods spring and fall in western L.A. Co.  Flowers:  Separate male & female plants  Nectar attracts many insects, including butterflies  Seeds:  Small seeds with fluffy ‘parachute’  Vegetative reproduction: common and easy © Project SOUND
  • 35. Mule Fat flowers are clearly sunflowers – even without the ray flowers Willow “catkin” for comparison © Project SOUND
  • 36. Mule Fat provides important resources to the community  Habitat considerations  Butterfly and bee nectar plant  Browse for deer and elk  Shelter/nest site for birds, small mammals and reptiles  Human uses  Young shoots – famine food  Stem - charcoal (gun power and fire starting)  Stems – arrow shafts, paint brushes and building material http://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/whites/white21.html (sturdy but bend) © Project SOUND
  • 37.  Soils: Mule Fat is Adaptable  Texture: any  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to light shade  Water:  Winter: flooding to fairly dry  Summer:  Fine with Zone 1-3 once established (after first summer)  Will grow faster with more water  Fertilizer: adaptable; fine with an organic mulch, light fertilizer  Can be pruned – even radically – to shape or renew © Project SOUND
  • 38. Mule Fat: one of our best habitat plants  Hedges & screens  Trained as a small tree  Espaliered along a wall  Always good habitat for insects, birds http://www.flickr.com/photo s/pcoin/99549969/ © Project SOUND http://www.flickr.com/photos/73431753@N00/278039992
  • 39. Inspiration from the pros: butterfly gardens  Provide easy access  Provide places to sit and enjoy the butterflies & other wildlife  The garden can be either formal or informal in style  The garden should look pretty – at least much of the year http://backtonatives.blogspot.com/2008/03/bird-of-prey-talk-hike.html © Project SOUND http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/48550aea-257e-4adf-83e6-d2548e740dea.jpg
  • 40. When you replace a lawn, access becomes an issue © Project SOUND
  • 41. Additional inspiration  Mass plantings – pretty & affective  Provide some grass areas  ? Signage (if you wanted your garden to serve an educational role) ‘functional art’ – butterfly http://www.uky.edu/Arboretum/membership.html  water source http://www.yerbabuenagardens.com/features/gardens.html http://a2zhomeschool.com/homeschoolmouse/category/events/ © Project SOUND
  • 42. How to attract more Skippers  Several native species of Skippers we might attract – see the list  Need all the normal amenities:  Water http://www.flickr.com/photos/9428166@N03/2687279040/  Perching places Sandhill Skipper  Etc.  Adult (nectar) sources:  Milkweeds  Clovers  Plants in Sunflower family (Yarrow; Asters; many others)  Buckwheats  Larval food sources:  Native and non-native grasses – no wonder we already have Skippers http://www.bixby.org/parkside/multimedia/butterflies/ Wandering Skipper © Project SOUND
  • 43. Let’s add a little grass for Skippers… © Project SOUND
  • 44. Saltgrass – Distichlis spicata © Project SOUND
  • 45.  Widely distributed – western North America  Found through much of CA in Coastal salt marshes Moist alkaline areas Vernal alkaline areas © Project SOUND
  • 46. Saltgrass  Stiff perennial grass with numerous long stems  Warm-season grass  Sod-forming – spreads by rhizomes  May grow flat or more erect (4-16 inches tall)  Looks somewhat like Bermuda Grass © Project SOUND
  • 47. Pretty left to grow – or can be mowed © Project SOUND
  • 48. Benefits of Saltgrass  Can withstand harsh conditions – salt/alkali soils, seasonal flooding, seasonal drought  Good habitat for birds (seeds and cover) and butterflies (Skippers)  Good for controlling wind or water erosion  Highly resistant to trampling – even for playing fields, golf courses  Looks like Bermuda Grass – and can be treated like it © Project SOUND
  • 49. Keys to a successful Saltgrass lawn  Lawns usually started from plugs or cut sections of rhizomes  Best done in winter  Bury rhizomes 1-2 inches  Keep ground moist until established  Needs full sun  Needs winter moisture; can water in summer to keep green  Mow infrequently  Needs no/little added fertilizer © Project SOUND
  • 50. Saltgrass at end of dry season – no water © Project SOUND
  • 51. Now let’s add a little color…  Flowering perennials and sub- shrubs make sense in a small garden  Choose wisely:  Some plants provide both adult and larval food  Some plants are showier than others  Some plants are better suited to our local conditions © Project SOUND
  • 52. Sticky Monkeyflowers – like a little shade © Project SOUND
  • 53. Sticky (Bush) Monkey Flower - Mimulus/Diplacus aurantiacus http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Mimulus-aurantiacus/ © Project SOUND
  • 54. Sticky (Bush) Monkey Flower - Mimulus/Diplacus aurantiacus  Much debate about what genus it should belong to  Much debate about how many species – may just be a few with much variability  Much of western & southern CA to Baja http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7386,7390 © Project SOUND
  • 55. Sticky Monkeyflower in the wild  rocky hillsides  cliffs  canyon slopes  disturbed areas  borders of coastal sage scrub, chaparral, open forest http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/monkeyb2.htm Dry, open areas with poor soils http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/diplacus-aurantiacus © Project SOUND
  • 56. Growth habit and other characteristics  Size: 2-4 ft tall and wide  Narrow glossy sticky dark green leaves  Summer-deciduous in hot climates/gardens  Attractive mounding to sprawling shape  Lives to 10 years – slightly less in gardens, particularly if given summer water  Young leaves can be eaten (a bit bitter, tho’) and were used as an antiseptic for cuts, rope burns, etc. © Project SOUND
  • 57. Many uses for Sticky Monkeyflower in the garden  On hillsides or banks  In rock gardens  In garden beds with other native plants that thrive on a dry period  In large pots or planters  As an accent plant – showy flowers  In a “hummingbird” or “butterfly garden” © Project SOUND
  • 58. Succeeding with Sticky Monkeyflower  Does best in sandy or rocky soils – soil needs to be well-drained; too much water, particularly in winter leads to fungal disease, short life  Full sun to part-shade (best for most gardens)  Give plants a dormant period at the end of summer – no water; can give some summer water before that  Prune back each fall to 18 inches or so; or prune back to ground every third year. Can also prune after spring bloom to encourage fall blooms  Propagate new plants from cuttings to http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/miau.htm replace old plants © Project SOUND
  • 59. Fantastic flower colors  Blooms: year-round in S. Bay; most profuse in summer  Flowers:  Clusters of small tubular flowers © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College with the usual monkey face appearance.  Flower color range is salmon to brick-red to crimson.  Good nectar source:  Hummingbird pollinated; but also attracts bees, butterflies (esp. Checkerspots & Buckeyes)  Seeds:  many small, in dry capsule You can also grow Shrubby Monkeyflowers from tip cuttings  Easy to grow from seed © Project SOUND
  • 60. Buckwheats like sun – and are great habitat plants © Project SOUND
  • 61. California Buckwheat - Eriogonum fasciculatum © Project SOUND
  • 62. California Buckwheat - Eriogonum fasciculatum  Southwestern U.S.  to Utah, Arizona, nw Mexico  s Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Southwestern California, East of Sierra Nevada, Desert  Common. Dry slopes, washes, canyons in scrub < 2300 m. var. fasciculatum  fasciculatum : derived from var. foliolosum a Latin word meaning "bundles" and describing the way the leaves are attached to the leaf stem in little bunches or 'fascicles' http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/dendrology/Syllab us2/factsheet.cfm?ID=639 http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994,6045 © Project SOUND
  • 63. Characteristics of California Buckwheat  Size: similar to Dune Buckwheat  2-5 ft tall  3-5 ft wide  Growth form:  low mounded semi-evergreen http://www.newportbay.org/plants/index.html shrub  Many-branched  Foliage:  Leave alternate, but densely clustered at nodes, evergreen, narrow lanceolate (nearly needle-like) © Project SOUND http://www.birdmom.net/wildflowerspink.html
  • 64. http://www.newportbay.org/plants/index.html Dune Buckwheat – E. parvifolium CA Buckwheat – E. fasciculatum © Project SOUND
  • 65. CA Buckwheat:  Great for summer color: May- showy for months Nov. possible  As an alternative to the non- native Rosemary  In perennial beds  On parking strips & bordering paths and driveways  For erosion control  Larval foodsource for Morman Metalmark, Bramble Hairstreak, Common Hairstreak, Avalon Hairstreak Shrubby Buckwheats can even be sheared to shape for a more formal look © Project SOUND
  • 66. CA Buckwheat cultivars make good groundcovers  ‘Dana Point’ - brighter green leaf, more mounding than species  'Bruce Dickinson' – good for groundcover; stays close to the ground, spreads nicely, and holds good form throughout the year. ‘Dana Point’ http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/erfabd.htm ‘Bruce Dickinson’ © Project SOUND
  • 67. CA Buckwheat cultivars make good groundcovers  ‘Theodore Payne' – low groundcover (1 ft high; 1-3 ft spread)  'Warriner Lytle' - A sprawling low growing California buckwheat; can grow to 2 feet tall but is often more prostrate, hugging the ground like a http://www.theodorepayne.org/gallery/pages/E/Eriogonum_fasciculatum_Th mat eodorePayne.htm ‘Theodore Payne’ http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=3070 ‘Warriner Lytle’ ‘Warriner Lytle’ © Project SOUND
  • 68. Cultivars & species: choose carefully.. ‘Warriner Lytle’ http://www.letsgoseeit.com/index/county/la/claremont/loc01/cultivar/cultivar.htm  Buckwheats produce hybrids readily; plant only locally obtained plants if you live near natural stands © Project SOUND
  • 69.  CA Buckwheat looks its best in full sun  Occasional summer water to keep it looking good – but very drought tolerant © Project SOUND
  • 70. Managing shrubby  Most are low maintenance  By fall, the flowers turn a buckwheats reddish-brown  Easily deadheaded, if desired  Or (better) retained for the change of color and for bird habitat.  Cut back in late fall to mid-winter to encourage herbaceous growth over woody look  Leave several inches of woody growth  Cutting it back to 6” in late fall keeps the woody growth to a minimum and the plant looking its best the year round.  When the shrub is becoming too leggy, it needs to be replaced. © Project SOUND
  • 71. Make sure you can enjoy your butterfly garden  Comfortable seating, strategically placed  Plan your planting based http://lobojosden.blogspot.com/2007/12/butterfly-garden.html on your most likely views © Project SOUND http://www.dunedingov.com/home.aspx?page=departments/library/library
  • 72. Many butterflies use CA native Milkweeds http://www.laspilitas.com/butterfl_files/Acmon_blue http://www.gardeningwithnatives.com/articles/su _on_narrow-leaf_milkweed.jpg mmerplants.html  Tiger swallowtail  Acmon Blue  Monarch © Project SOUND http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of- california/plants/asclepias-fascicularis
  • 73. Place milkweeds in a slightly shadier area Buckwheats grass © Project SOUND
  • 74. The Milkweed family (Asclepidaceae)  Very large family - ~ 2,000 species  Includes perennial herbs, vines, shrubs  The common name "milkweed" refers to the milky, white sap produced when the stem is broken.  Many are poisonous if eaten by humans/animals  The term "weed" refers to the fact that milkweed grows in poor soil  The principal genus in California is Asclepias, of which there are 11 species. © Project SOUND
  • 75. Narrow-leaf Milkweed - Asclepias fascicularis http://www.insectnet.com/photos/flora1/milkweed1.htm © Project SOUND
  • 76. Showy Milkweed – Asclepias speciosa © 2004 George W. Hartwell © Project SOUND
  • 77. Milkweeds  Milkweeds are found in many areas of CA  In the South Bay, Narrow- leaf Milkweed found only Showy Milkweed in S. Channel Islands  Sites are typically  Winter wet/summer dry  Sunny to light shade  Barren soil (bare areas in chaparral/Oak woodlands; streambeds; alluvial areas) Narrow-leaf Milkweed © Project SOUND
  • 78. Milkweed family has unusual flowers and seeds  The petals of the 5-parted flowers are reflexed and the anthers unite to the stigma in the form of a crown with 5 hood-like appendages.  The numerous seeds bear tufts of silky hairs at their tips for efficient wind dispersal. http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/pictures/a100.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 79. Milkweed pods and seeds seeds http://www.keiriosity.com/asclepiadaceae/asclepias_f ascicularis02.jpg http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/PLANTS2/A sclepiadaceae/Asclepias_fascicularis.htm How do you think these seeds are dispersed? © Project SOUND
  • 80. Consider Using Milkweeds  For butterfly gardens: nectar source for many species; larval food for Monarchs  For showy white-pink flowers in summer  Along paths and walkways  In mid-beds – would look nice with brighter pinks and purple flowers © Project SOUND
  • 81. Tricks to gardening with Milkweeds  Easy to grow  Plant (seeds) in place if possible  Does best in well-drained soil – but can tolerate clay if not over-watered  Full to part sun  Average water needs – keep somewhat dry. Can tolerate winter flooding  Cut back to ground in winter (native Californians burned it to encourage healthy growth) © Project SOUND
  • 82. Let’s add some other flowering plants for interest Perennials & annuals Buckwheats grass © Project SOUND
  • 83. Common Sandaster - Corethrogyne filaginifolia vars. californica and filaginifolia http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiaaster.html © Project SOUND
  • 84. Common Sandaster - Corethrogyne filaginifolia vars. californica and filaginifolia  common and widespread plant in coastal sage scrub, southern oak woodlands and grasslands, and on dry, brushy chaparral slopes var. californica  Taxonomy is confusing:  Many still use the old name for the species: Lessingia filaginifolia  Highly variable species; now lumped them all together under variant filaginifolia - variants need further research  var. californica – adapted to slightly wetter, ocean-influenced habitats var. filaginifolia  var. filaginifolia – adapted to slightly drier habitats © Project SOUND http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Lessingia+filaginifolia+var.+filaginifolia
  • 85.  Common Sandaster varies greatly depending on the http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiaaster.html amount of water it gets © Project SOUND
  • 86. Common Sandaster is typical of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae)  Compound floral heads  Ray flowers (outer)  Brightly colored (usually yellow (bee pollinated) or blue-purple  Serve to direct the pollinator to the nectar  Disk flowers (central)  Small; often yellow or dark- colored  Make nectar to attract pollinators  Form the seeds © Project SOUND
  • 87. Growing native perennial sunflowers is usually easy  Choose a sunny location: most need full or near-full sun  Plant seed in place in fall  Prepare soil; lightly rake seed in  use fresh, locally-collected seed if possible  Insure adequate winter/spring rain  Withhold water after flowering to promote seed production  Many will self-seed; or collect and store the seed in a cool dry place http://www.coestatepark.com/lessingia_filaginifolia_coe.htm © Project SOUND
  • 88. Many Sunflower species are “two-in-one plants http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/nocut.html  Sand Asters are good nectar producers:  Good food plant for native bees and other pollinators  Provide nectar for many butterflies from Skippers to Swallowtails  They are also good butterfly larval plants  Gabb’s Checkerspot – endangered  Moths http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/pictures/a1142.jpg © Project SOUND
  • 89. Don’t like this look? http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/PLANTS2/Asteraceae/C orethrogyne%20filaginifolia%20v.htm Then how about this? http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/astercu3.htm © Project SOUND
  • 90. ‘Silver Carpet’ Sandaster (var. californica)  A Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Introduction  From coastal bluffs exposed to ocean spray in Monterey County  Attractive foliage  Silver-white; looks nice all year long  blends well with other plants  Pretty flowers – late summer  summer blossoms provide welcome cool color in a season when warmer-toned natives prevail. © Project SOUND
  • 91. ‘Silver Carpet’ Sandaster  Low-growing – makes a nice low groundcover  spilling down a slope or over a low wall. http://www.wildscaping.com/plants/plantphotos/SilvCarp_ws_400dm.jpg  Even in native grasses  Fast-growing (3-5 ft/yr) but not invasive  More tolerant of average garden watering regimens  Hardy  Readily available Nectar plant only – but a good one! © Project SOUND
  • 92. Other good generalist perennials to add  Achillea – Yarrow  Eriophyllum – Wallflowers  Sidalcea – Checkermallow  Vetches & Lotus  Lupines  Add other perennials, annuals & grasses depending on butterfly species © Project SOUND
  • 93. S. CA Ladies – how to attract them American Lady Painted Lady West Coast Lady © Project SOUND
  • 94. Food fit for a Lady……  Adult food – many native (and non- native) flowering plants  Larval food  Sunflower family  Thistles – Cirsium species [Painted Lady]  Others  Everlastings - Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalium) [American Lady]  Borage Family Cirsium occidentale  Amsinckia  Cryptantha  Nettle Family - Urtica species  Bedstraws – Galium species  Mallow Family [Painted & West Coast Ladies]  Lavatera  Malacothamnus  Sidalcea Sidalcea © Project SOUND
  • 95. Finally, add some low species at the front… Perennials & annuals Buckwheats grass © Project SOUND
  • 96. Some possible low species  Evergreen  Carex species – sedges  Seasonal  Smaller grasses  Clovers (Trifolium)  Checkerbloom  Annual wildflowers © Project SOUND
  • 97. Bull clover/ Sour Clover – Trifolium fucatum © 2004 Carol W. Witham © Project SOUND
  • 98. Bull clover – Trifolium fucatum  West coast of N. America from OR to Baja  In CA either:  Foothills of Sierras and other ranges  Coastally-influenced areas < 3000 ft. elevation  Locally abundant. Moist, open grassland, ditches, marshes, roadsides, sometimes saline or serpentine soils  fucatum: painted, dyed © 2005 George W. Hartwell © Project SOUND
  • 99. Bull Clover is a fairly typical native annual clover  Size:  < 1 ft tall  1-3 ft wide; slightly spreading  Growth form:  Mounded; low-lying  Typical for clovers  Foliage:  Leaves typical ‘clover-leaf’ – often white-patterned  Stems robust, hollow  Roots:  Have symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria  Leave roots in soil to improve soil fertility © Project SOUND
  • 100. Flowers are among the prettier clover flowers  Blooms:  Usually Apr-June in S. CA ; after weather warms up  Long bloom period with supplemental water  Flowers:  Typical for clover; small pea-type flowers in a ball-like head  Cream-colored tinged with pink/mauve  Edible  Seeds:  Small  Edible fresh © Project SOUND
  • 101. Clovers – not hard to grow once you know the trick  Soils:  Texture: any well-drained  pH: any, including alkali  Even takes salty soils  Light: full sun to part-shade; good under deciduous trees  Water:  Winter: needs moist soils  Summer: needs regular water until flowering ceases – then cut back  Fertilizer: not needed, but probably won’t hurt  Other: to start seeds give them a © 2007 Aaron Schusteff hot-water treatment © Project SOUND
  • 102. Foothill Clover – Trifolium ciliolatum http://www.kenbowles.net/sdwildflowers/FamilyIndexes/FabaceaeClover/FabaceaeCloverKey.htm © Project SOUND
  • 103. Pin-point Clover – Trifolium gracilentum © 2006 Doreen L. Smith © Project SOUND
  • 104. Rancheria Clover – Trifolium albopurpureum http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/clovera.htm © Project SOUND
  • 105. Now we’ve got a plan for what we’ll plant next fall Perennials & annuals Buckwheats grass Low Low © Project SOUND
  • 106. What butterflies might visit our garden?  Swallowtails: Anise, Western Tiger, Giant  Cabbage White  Orange Sulphur  Gray Hairstreak  Blues: Acmon, Marine, Western Pygmy  Fatal Metalmark  Mourning Cloak  Ladies: American, West Coast  Common Buckeye  Red Admiral  Monarch  Funereal Duskywing  Skippers: Western Checkered, Sandhill, Fiery, Umber + others And some of these species might raise their families! © Project SOUND
  • 107. Suggestions for creating a butterfly- friendly garden  Include important nectar and larval food plants; when possible from local sources  Mass/group plants  Include plants that bloom at different times  Consider including some good non- native food plants  Use safe methods of insect control – no pesticides  Encourage others in your Research & experiment neighborhood to plant butterfly- friendly plants © Project SOUND
  • 108. Visit local butterfly gardens http://www.visitusa.com/california/photos/orangecounty-beaches/dohenystatebeach.htm Doheny State Beach http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-butterflies18nov18-pg,0,4856731.photogallery?index=12 © Project SOUND Shipley Nature Center
  • 109. Let’s go look at some butterfly plants © Project SOUND