Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting 2011: Mali Poultry Project Update (M. Lacy)

Mali Poultry Project
Jack Houston
Catherine Keske
Mike Lacy

Purpose
Enhance income of women
Improve nutrition of children
Reduce impact of climate change
Make poultry production efficient

Poultry Production in Mali
95% “village” chicken
Disease
Nutrition, husbandry, genetics
50% mortality
6 months to 1 kg

Newcastle Disease
Viral disease, resp., intest., neur.
Affects poultry worldwide
Vaccine problems in West Africa

Supply and demand
Marketing
Infrastructure
Potential for improvements
Challenges and opportunities

Challenges
Flock philosophy
Bank account
Eggs – replication
Death inevitable
Crop philosophy
Grow, sell, grow, sell, … invest
Domestic source of chicks

Opportunities
Chick stock
Disease prevention
Housing
Nutrition
Management
Marketing – flock versus crop
Allied services
Capacity building, educational, coops, etc.

Egg production andMeat production

Nutrition
Vitamin A 24%
Fe 25%
Choline 25%
Calcium 13%
Phosphorous
Vitamin B12
Selenium

Nutrition
Dancing with Skeletons – K. Dettwyler
Protein deficit
22 grams for children 4-8 yrs
56 grams for teenagers
71 grams for pregnant women
One egg = 31 grams quality protein

Nutrition
Protein deficit
10 grams for infants

Nutrition
Protein deficit

Nutrition“Automatic for the People”

Climate Change
Concentration/management of manure
Adaptability of poultry to varied climates
Diversification of livestock types
Stimulation of cereal grain production

1800’s
The 1st census to count poultry was in 1880. It recorded 102 million chickens in the US.
These were small flocks of chickens often used to provide those legendary farm breakfasts. Any additional eggs produced would provide the necessary spending money for the women in the family.
It was a deceptively large business due to the high % of farms that kept chickens.

1800’s
Tending chickens took practically no time and often it was the women of the house who were the caretakers.
Considered all profit the only cash outlay being the cost of the chicks and wire to repair the pens.
The chicken business was a sideline.

1900-1940
Fittingly, a woman, Mrs. Wilma Steele is considered a pioneer in the poultry industry.
1923, 500 chickens, $0.62 per pound.
1924, 1000 chickens, $0.57 per pound.
1925, Mr. S. quit his job to work for Mrs. S.
By 1934 seven million meat type chickens were being grown on the Delmarva peninsula.

History of Poultry
European breed, small, aggressive, flighty

History of Poultry
When we talk about the history and development of the poultry industry we are talking about an American agricultural success story.

Jesse Jewell
Jesse Jewel’s mother owned a feed mill in Gainesville, Georgia.
Struggling because farmers were too poor to buy feed.
So Jesse gave chicks and feed to farmers and when they were grown the farmer kept a portion of the flock for his labor. Jesse received the rest as payment for the feed and chicks.
Chickens were shipped for processing.
Jessie decided to have the hatchery and processors closer to home ->Vertical Integration.

Chickens in Georgia
Broilers 1.4 billion birds/yr
$13 billion /yr
Breeders 13 million birds/yr 1.5 billion/yr
Layers 3 billion eggs/yr $600 million/yr
100,000 Georgia jobs

1800’s
It was not until late in the 19th century that poultry received recognition as an integral part of agriculture.
During the 1870’s and 1880’s the increasing market demands for poultry focused attention on utility type fowls.
Plymouth Rock
American Brahma
American Leghorn

1900’s
The majority of agricultural leaders in the early 1900’s never thought poultry would develop as an industry.
The farm experts reckoned that you could not compete with a system in which labor was free, feed was free, and the farm wife was counting on the chickens for her spending money.

Early Poultry Industry
Compared to the rest of the nation, Georgia was not a major poultry area before 1920.
The boll weevil swept through Georgia’s cotton in 1920.
In South Georgia farmers turned to peanuts and tobacco.
In the mountains and foothills of North Georgia farmers were literally starving, depleted soil, hilly terrain, small farms.

Today’s Industry
Jewell’s “vertical integration” spread throughout Georgia and the South.
Georgia and Southern states were able to produce and sell for less than other areas.
Jesse Jewell set the mold for which today’s poultry industry is based.

Chickens in Georgia
Broilers 1.4 billion birds/yr
$13 billion /yr
Breeders 13 million birds/yr 1.5 billion/yr
Layers 3 billion eggs/yr $600 million/yr
100,000 Georgia jobs

Chickens in Industry
Broiler—meat type chicken
W. Plymouth Rock and Cornish
Layer—egg producer
European

This presentation was made possible by the United States Agency for International Development Bilateral Mission in Mali and the generous support of the American people through Grant No. 688-A-00-10-00131-00.The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International
Development or the U.S. government.

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting 2011: Mali Poultry Project Update (M. Lacy)

by Colorado State University

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