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Persian Wars
The Timeline              Battle of Plataea

Ionian    Battle of
                      Battle of
Revolt    Marathon
                      Thermopylae,
Begins
                      Battle of
                      Salamis Strait



499 BCE                                     479 BCE
  War                                       War Ends
 Begins

           490
           BCE


                        480
                        BCE
Information about Greeks
 Were not allies at
  beginning of the war
 Athens and Sparta most
  powerful city states of the
  many throughout the
  Mediterranean
                                         Athens
 Sparta excels at land         Sparta
  combat
 Athens, while having
  many soldiers, has a very
  strong navy
Greek Warfare
 Naval Warfare
   Greek Ships called
    Triremes- rowed ship with
    heavy Iron Ram on front

 Land Warfare
   Uses Phalanx Tactics
   metal shields
   Spears and swords (close
    range weapons)
The Persians
 Began as a small tribe in Iran
 Expanded quickly into the largest empire in
  history

 King Darius allowed conquered nations to keep
  their religions and kings in exchange for tribute
  (money or goods) and troops for the army
Persian Empire
Persian Weapons
 Leather and wood shields


 Short Swords
 Depended on large
  number of archers

 Had larger navy than
  Athens
Event 1: Ionians Revolt
 The Persians had taken
  over Greek Settlements in
  Ionia- on the coast of Asia
  Minor
 The Greeks had moved
  there after the collapse of
  Mycenae and the beginning
  of the Greek Dark Ages
 They had to contribute
  soldiers and tribute to
  Persians in exchange for
  being a part of the empire-
  they had be conquered.
The Persian Wars
The Reaction
 Athens sends troops to
  Ionia as well as ships.
 The Persians are defeated
  in one battle
 The Athenians leave
 Persia comes back, burns
  city of Miletus to the ground
 People are sold into
  slavery- normal at the time
 Persia now mad at the
  Athenians
Event 2: Battle of Marathon
Darius decides to invade the
  Greek mainland and take
  it over.

Sends messengers to ask
  for surrender

Greeks- according to legend
  throw messengers into a
  pit
Video
 Take detailed notes on:
     Lead up to the battle
     Important military leaders
     Details of the battle
     Outcome of the battle
     Significance/Importance of the battle
Reactions
 Darius is furious
 Sends troops to Marathon, a city
   outside of Athens (about 26.2
   miles)

 Marathon myth/confusion
 Sparta is having a religious festival
   and can’t help until tomorrow

 Athenians meet them with their
   allies- led by Militades

 Sweep around the Persians,
   surround them and defeat them

 Greeks form an Alliance to protect
   against further Persian Aggression
Event 3: Battle of
              Thermopylae
 Darius has died
 Xerxes, his son decides that
  the time has come to try to
  invade again
 Marches on Greece with
  largest army and navy ever
  assembled
 Army marches across a
  man made bridge over the
  Hellespont toward Greece
 Navy sails through a man
  made canal to avoid storms
What Actually Happened
 The Greeks use their
  alliance
 Athens and Sparta lead
  army and fleet to fight
  against Persians- anyone
  who can possibly fight, even
  the poor of Athens are
  brought in
 Sparta makes a stand at
  Thermopylae
 Athens makes stand at
  Salamis- a strait (narrow
  point in water)                Hold on, I lost my contact. Has
                                 anyone seen it? Seriously guys?
                                 Just one second and we can get
                                 back to it.
Video
 Take detailed notes on:
     Lead up to the battle
     Important military leaders
     Details of the battle
     Outcome of the battle
     Significance/Importance of the battle
Thermopylae
 Small passage between mountains- makes it hard for
  Archers to shoot, hard for troops in come in large numbers-
  Xerxes loses his biggest advantage
 A traitor shows the way around
 The Spartans decide to stay and defend- “give us your
  arms” “Come and get them”
 About 1300 men (300 were Spartans- fought to the death to
  stop the Persians
 Athens panics and abandons the city- only women, children,
  elderly left while all others are off fighting
 Xerxes burns it to the ground
The Persian Wars
Event 4: Salamis Strait
 Athenian navy commander-
   Themistocles thought of way to
   defeat the larger Persian navy
 Used similar tactics to
   Spartans- Salamis strait was a
   small channel between two
   areas of land.
 Told Persians that he wanted to
   switch sides
 Persians came to join him,
   Greeks retreat, suddenly attack
   and ram 300 ships down
   before the Persians retreat
Athens is that way
a few miles
Event 5: Battle of Plataea
 Xerxes retreats back to Asia
  Minor

 Bridges at Hellespont have
  been destroyed- weather is
  not a fan of Xerxes

 Leaves an army to attack in
  the Spring

 Greeks have to decide
  whether or not to continue
  their alliance
What Happened
 Greeks Continue their alliance
 Xerxes attacks in the Spring
 80,000 allied Greek soldiers
  defeat the Persian Army

 Athens has been destroyed,
  but comes out as the city state
  that defeated the Persian
  Navy, and created the alliance.

 They are poised to become the
  most powerful city state in
  Athens- a Golden Age

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The Persian Wars

  • 2. The Timeline Battle of Plataea Ionian Battle of Battle of Revolt Marathon Thermopylae, Begins Battle of Salamis Strait 499 BCE 479 BCE War War Ends Begins 490 BCE 480 BCE
  • 3. Information about Greeks  Were not allies at beginning of the war  Athens and Sparta most powerful city states of the many throughout the Mediterranean Athens  Sparta excels at land Sparta combat  Athens, while having many soldiers, has a very strong navy
  • 4. Greek Warfare  Naval Warfare  Greek Ships called Triremes- rowed ship with heavy Iron Ram on front  Land Warfare  Uses Phalanx Tactics  metal shields  Spears and swords (close range weapons)
  • 5. The Persians  Began as a small tribe in Iran  Expanded quickly into the largest empire in history  King Darius allowed conquered nations to keep their religions and kings in exchange for tribute (money or goods) and troops for the army
  • 7. Persian Weapons  Leather and wood shields  Short Swords  Depended on large number of archers  Had larger navy than Athens
  • 8. Event 1: Ionians Revolt  The Persians had taken over Greek Settlements in Ionia- on the coast of Asia Minor  The Greeks had moved there after the collapse of Mycenae and the beginning of the Greek Dark Ages  They had to contribute soldiers and tribute to Persians in exchange for being a part of the empire- they had be conquered.
  • 10. The Reaction  Athens sends troops to Ionia as well as ships.  The Persians are defeated in one battle  The Athenians leave  Persia comes back, burns city of Miletus to the ground  People are sold into slavery- normal at the time  Persia now mad at the Athenians
  • 11. Event 2: Battle of Marathon Darius decides to invade the Greek mainland and take it over. Sends messengers to ask for surrender Greeks- according to legend throw messengers into a pit
  • 12. Video  Take detailed notes on:  Lead up to the battle  Important military leaders  Details of the battle  Outcome of the battle  Significance/Importance of the battle
  • 13. Reactions  Darius is furious  Sends troops to Marathon, a city outside of Athens (about 26.2 miles)  Marathon myth/confusion  Sparta is having a religious festival and can’t help until tomorrow  Athenians meet them with their allies- led by Militades  Sweep around the Persians, surround them and defeat them  Greeks form an Alliance to protect against further Persian Aggression
  • 14. Event 3: Battle of Thermopylae  Darius has died  Xerxes, his son decides that the time has come to try to invade again  Marches on Greece with largest army and navy ever assembled  Army marches across a man made bridge over the Hellespont toward Greece  Navy sails through a man made canal to avoid storms
  • 15. What Actually Happened  The Greeks use their alliance  Athens and Sparta lead army and fleet to fight against Persians- anyone who can possibly fight, even the poor of Athens are brought in  Sparta makes a stand at Thermopylae  Athens makes stand at Salamis- a strait (narrow point in water) Hold on, I lost my contact. Has anyone seen it? Seriously guys? Just one second and we can get back to it.
  • 16. Video  Take detailed notes on:  Lead up to the battle  Important military leaders  Details of the battle  Outcome of the battle  Significance/Importance of the battle
  • 17. Thermopylae  Small passage between mountains- makes it hard for Archers to shoot, hard for troops in come in large numbers- Xerxes loses his biggest advantage  A traitor shows the way around  The Spartans decide to stay and defend- “give us your arms” “Come and get them”  About 1300 men (300 were Spartans- fought to the death to stop the Persians  Athens panics and abandons the city- only women, children, elderly left while all others are off fighting  Xerxes burns it to the ground
  • 19. Event 4: Salamis Strait  Athenian navy commander- Themistocles thought of way to defeat the larger Persian navy  Used similar tactics to Spartans- Salamis strait was a small channel between two areas of land.  Told Persians that he wanted to switch sides  Persians came to join him, Greeks retreat, suddenly attack and ram 300 ships down before the Persians retreat
  • 20. Athens is that way a few miles
  • 21. Event 5: Battle of Plataea  Xerxes retreats back to Asia Minor  Bridges at Hellespont have been destroyed- weather is not a fan of Xerxes  Leaves an army to attack in the Spring  Greeks have to decide whether or not to continue their alliance
  • 22. What Happened  Greeks Continue their alliance  Xerxes attacks in the Spring  80,000 allied Greek soldiers defeat the Persian Army  Athens has been destroyed, but comes out as the city state that defeated the Persian Navy, and created the alliance.  They are poised to become the most powerful city state in Athens- a Golden Age