An OER action research project, OportUnidad, founded by the European Commission is presented. This study, lead by a partnership of European and Latin American universities, aims to increase the awareness and institutional support of OER in Latin American HE. Based in this action-research project, this article analyses the impact of digital technologies in education, particularly regarding the generation, adoption and dissemination of educational content.

1. http://www.flickr.com/photos/bsteele/380197909/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Open Education Conference 2012, Vancouver, BC
Strategies to foster OER and OER
OportUnidad initiatives in developing regions
Info at: www.oportUnidadproject.eu

2. OportUnidad
PROJECT OportUnidad
PROGRAMME ALFA III - Lot 1: Joint Projects
DURATION 30 months (starting date: 1 Jan 2012)
PARTNERS 12 Partners
AIM Foster openness in Higher Education

3. The 4 R's of Openness
www.opencontent.org/definition
Reuse—The most basic level of openness. Redistribute—People can share
People are allowed to use all or part of the the work with others
(e.g. email a digital article to a colleague).
work for their own purposes
(e.g. download an educational video to watch at a later time).
Revise—People can adapt, modify, translate,
or change the form the work
(e.g. take a book written in English and turn it into a Spanish audio
book).
Remix—People can take two or more existing
resources and combine them to create a new resource
(e.g. take audio lectures from one course and combine them with
slides from another course to create a new derivative work).
Hilton, J. W. (2010, January 11). The 4 R's of Openness and the ALMS Analysis: Frameworks for Open Educational Resources.

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2012). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2085585 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2085585

7. We will need to do more than merely
making learning materials available.
Potential barriers: The language of instruction; contextualization and localization;
access to technologies other regions (cultural & social norms; languages).
The technological divide might be narrower but it is deeper.

8. The language gap is a significant
obstacle. Yet even if OER is translated
to the local language an adaptation
would still be needed.
English is considered an
international language due to its
usage in knowledge dissemination.
However, the majority of learners
worldwide come from non-English-
speaking backgrounds.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
http://www.flickr.com/photos/osx/4331239071/sizes/l/

9. Beyond access there are also cultural and
institutional issues.
Contextualization of resources presents significant
obstacles, where local content development is crucial.
Law Faculty at University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

10. “The simple existence of free
and open material is
necessary but
not sufficient for
wide scale
adoption
and use”
Pontifical Catholic
University of Chile

11. Scopus
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total per language
Spanish 3 8 5 8 5
Total per language
English 550 606 726 888 1308
Total per language
Portuguese 0 0 0 0 0

12. YouTube
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total per language
Spanish 18 66 143 264 524
Total per language
English 611 1366 1951 2530 5302
Total per language
Portuguese 15 37 46 65 127

13. Big - visibility
Visible reuse & production of
licensed (institutional) OER.
“preferential attachment”
Institutional repositories.
(Barabási, 2000) Governments
Little - visibility
Staff &students reuse of digital
resources in /around the curriculum.
Folksonomies (co-creation)
{UGC in flickr, scribd, slideshare, youtube}
“White, D. Manton, M. JISC-funded OER Impact Study, University of Oxford, 2011”
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/elearning/oer/OERTheValueOfReuseInHigherEducation.pdf

14. Almost 600 M. inhabita
nts
Over 2,500 universities
7,000 HE institutions (1)
15 million students (2)
70 Latin American Ues 1
0 countries
(OCW Universia) over 200
course
Temoa - 30,000 ER
SciELO- REDALYC (20 art
. OER)
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education - Web of Knowledge - Science - Thomson Reuters
1.Brunner, J.J. 2007. Universidad y sociedad en América Latina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación. Universidad Veracruzana.
2.Cruz González, D.E., D.J.L. García Cuevas, and D.E. González Suárez. (2010). “Las universidades de América Latina y El Caribe y el avance de las sociedades a
través de la innovación y la gestión tecnológica.” Universidad y Sociedad 2(1).

15. LA Partners
Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF, Brazil) (candidate)
Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Ecuador
Fundación Uvirtual, Bolivia
Universidad Virtual del Tecnológico de Monterrey (UVTM),
Mexico
Universidad de la Empresa, Uruguay
Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (UIGV), Peru
Universidad EAFIT, Colombia

16. EU Partners
Università degli Studi “Guglielmo Marconi” (USGM), Italy
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
University of Oxford (UOXF), United Kingdom

17. OportUnidad
Regional Agenda
General objective:
Strengthen the EU-LA
Common Higher
Education Area, through
a bottom-up approach, by
the increasing the use of
open educational
practices and resources
(OEP & OER)
Cooperation
to contribute in the
economical and
social development
of HE 60 organisations in LA.

18. http://www.flickr.com/photos/anaelisa2/2965802560/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Compendium of EU-LA OER practices
• LA OEP awareness state-of-the-art
• Local OEP awareness baseline
• Interviews + case studies (EU+LA)
Definition of OER Agenda
Institutional roadmap
Pilot OER training course (educators)
Start-up of OEP
http://www.flickr.com/photos/fil/3151423/

19. Nomination form
Self- Nomination form
OEP State of the Art in LA
OER
Compendium

20. Guatemala (2)
Honduras (2)
Mexico (8)
Nicaragua (2)
Costa Rica (3)
Panama (1)
Colombia (7)
Ecuador (8)
Peru (1)
Bolivia
Brazil (3)
Paraguay (1)
Chile (3)
Uruguay (1)
Our original idea of Argentina (7)
the OER network *(Partners countries)

21. Our current OER EU-LA network
Campus Tec Guatemala Universidad Austral Argentina
Universidad Tecnologica De Honduras Honduras Universidad Católica De Santa Fe Argentina
Universidad José Cecilio Del Valle Honduras Universidad De Palermo Argentina
Conectando Pasos Ac Mexico Universidad Del Salvador Argentina
Instituto Tecnológico De Morelia Mexico Universidad Del Salvador Argentina
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Mexico Universidad Nacional De San Luis Argentina
Instituto De Inv.En Educación De La U. Universidad De Ciencias Empresariales Y
Mexico Argentina
Veracruzana Sociales
Escuela Normal Superior Oficial De
Mexico Universidd De Santiago De Chile Chile
Guanajuato
Facultad De Ciencias Políticas Y Sociales De
Mexico Universidad De Los Lagos Chile
La Unam
Universidad Virt. Estado De Guanajuato Mexico Universidad Católica Del Norte Chile
Universidad De Montemorelos Mexico Universidad MetroCiencias De La Educación Chile
Universidad De Colima Mexico Universidad Del Magdalena Colombia
Cetys Universidad Mexico Universidad Externado De Colombia Colombia
Universidad Auto,Del Estado De Morelos Mexico Universidad De La Sabana Colombia
Universidad Veracruzana Mexico Institución Universitaria De Envigado Colombia
Universidad Autónoma De Sinaloa Mexico Instituto De Tecnologías Abiertas En Educación Colombia
Centro De Comunicación Educ.Audiovisual -
Universidad Autónoma De San Luis Potosi Mexico Colombia
Cedal
Universidad Católica Redemptoris Mater Nicaragua Fundación Universitaria Del Area Andina Colombia
Universidad Tecnológica De El Salvador Salvador Universidad Del Quindío Colombia
Universidad La Luz Peru Universidad Del Norte Colombia
Universidad Colegio Mayor De Nuestra Señora
Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae Peru Colombia
Del Rosario
Universidad Señor De Sipan Peru Universidad Autónoma De Manizales Colombia
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Peru Corporacion Politecnico Marco Fidel Suarez Colombia

22. Universidad Andina Del Cusco Peru Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Peru Peru
Universidad Católica Boliviana, Santa Cruz Bolivia Universidad Técnica De Ambato Ecuador
Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador
Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora Brazil Ecuador
Sede Ibarra
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil Universidad Catòlica De Santiago De Guayaquil Ecuador
Universidade Estadual De Maringá Brazil Escuela Superior Politécnica Del Litoral Ecuador
Universidade Do Sul De Santa Catarina Brazil Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador Ecuador
Pontificia Universidad Catolica Del Ecuador
Universidade Estácio De Sá Brazil Ecuador
Sede Santo Dom
Universidade Federal De Itajubá - Unifei Brazil Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial Ecuador
Universidad Nacional De Villarrica Del Espíritu
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil Paraguay
Santo (Unve)
Universidad Católica "Ntra, Sra. De La
Universidade Federal Do Pará Brazil Paraguay
Asunción" Campus Itap
Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná Brazil Universidad Central De Venezuela Venezuela
Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Ecuador Universidad Simón Bolívar Venezuela
Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos
Facultad De Filosofía - Universidad Central Ecuador Peru
(Unmsm)

23. 10
Universities.
translated in
Spanish,
Portuguese
and English
Eds. Andreia Inamorato dos Santos, Cristobal Cobo and Celso Costa
Universidade Federal Fluminense - Oxford Internet Institute

24. OER Compendium
English-Spanish-Portuguese
Unicycle OER Project, Leeds Metropolitan University (UK)
OpenER, Open Universiteit (Netherlands)
Openlearn, Open University (UK)
University of Alicante's Open Knowledge Strategy (Spain)
Open Educational Practices, UTPL (Ecuador)
TEMOA, Tecnológico de Monterrey (México)
CEDERJ - TECA, (Brazil)
Institucional Policy Of Open Access, OUC (Spain)
OpenSpires, Oxford University (UK)
David Kernohan, Programme Manager, e-Learning, JISC
Faraón Llorens and Juan José Bayona, University of Alicante's,
Fred Mulder, UNESCO Chair in OER.
Mary Lou Forward, Executive Director OpenCourseWare Consortium.
Pedro Aranzadi, Managing Director of Universia Spain
Robert Schuwer, Associate Professor at the Open University of the
Netherlands.

25. multilingual online focus groups
+ context
• To foster better articulated institutional
policies (managerial level)
• Training teachers in the use of OER and
digital skills
• To facilitate the collaborative work (as well
as time).
• To develop consistent OER research.
• Aim for national and international funding.
• To consider incentives the faculty.
• Promote a better understanding about
copyright and other licenses
• To adopt institutional criteria for quality
assurance in OER
• To develop a federated OER solutions

26. National OER State of the Art OER Compendium
Online Focus Groups
OER Guidelines
Latin America OEP Agenda

27. Open Educational Practice Agenda
42 Recommendations [51 Universities]
- Pedagogical approaches for OER, including teaching and
learning aspects and links to social learning, constructive learning;
- Technological solutions for OER, including key technologies,
standards, specifications (i.e. metadata, publishing, querying);
- Organisational frameworks and procedures: roles of
different actors in institutions to build OER, to re-use and remix OER
and cost-effective procedures for OER;
- Institutional business models: how do OER affect the
institutional business models;
- Cooperative models for OER between institutions and
communities of interest.

28. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncreedplayer/6194043404/sizes/z/in/photostream/
+
http://www.flickr.com/photos/agirregabiria/3499503013/
OportUnidad
Compendium
Agenda of OER re-use
Institutional roadmap(s) EU-LA’s strategy for
Consultations
-Mid-term strategic plan: OEP in HE
(managerial
Implementation of OEP Agenda Policies/actions to level) of the LA
at local/institutional level. boost the benefit partner
of the use and re- universities
-Shaped by local, cultural and use of OER in HE.
institutional framework.
-In consultation with the managerial
level of the (60) universities.

29. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Stages of the on-line training course (approx. 80 hrs)
Understanding
Repurposing
Implementing
Identifying
Engaging
Creating
Defining
Aligning
http://www.flickr.com/photos/5tein/2176406692/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Start-up of OER
Participants will start-up OEP in their
universities as part of the implementation
of the institutional roadmap
Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica

30. www.oportunidadproject.eu

31. More information:
www.oportunidadproject.eu
Cristina Stefanelli,
Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi
@c_stefanelli
Daniel Villar Onrubia,
University of Oxford
@villaronrubia
Cristobal Cobo,
University of Oxford
@cristobalcobo This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0
Unported License.