Growth, Development And Behavior

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    Growth, Development And Behavior - Presentation Transcript

    1. GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR
      • Newborn ( neonatal) period: begins at birth and include the 1 st month of life.
    2. Physical examination: term newborn
      • Average weights: 3.4 kg (7 ½ lb)
      • Average length: 50cm (20 in)
      • head circumference: 35 cm (14 in)
      • Hearing is well developed
    3. Behavioral state:
      • Quite sleep
      • Active sleep
      • Drowsy
      • Alert
      • Fussy
      • Crying
      • Behavioral state determines an infant’s muscle tone, spontaneous movement, electroencephalogram pattern and response to stimuli.
    4. Developmental milestones in the first 2 yr of life
    5. Gross motor:
      • Hold head steady while sitting
      • Pulls to sit, with no head lag
      • Brings hands together in midline
      • Sits without support
      • Rolls back to stomach
      • Walks alone
      • Runs
      • 2 mos
      • 3mos
      • 3mos
      • 6mos
      • 6.5mos
      • 12mos
      • 16m0s
    6. Fine motor:
      • grasps rattle
      • Reaches for object
      • Palmar grasp done
      • Transfers object from hand to hand
      • Thumb-finger grasp
      • 3.5mos
      • 4mos
      • 4mos
      • 5.5mos
      • 8mos
    7. Communication and language:
      • Smiles in response to face, voice
      • Monosyllabic babble
      • Inhibits to NO
      • Follows one-step command w/ gesture
      • Follows one-step command w/o gesture
      • Say mama or dada
      • Points to object
      • Speaks first real word
      • Speaks 4-6 words
      • Speaks 10-15 words
      • Speaks 2 word sentences
      • 1.5mos
      • 6mos
      • 7mos
      • 7mos
      • 10mos
      • 10mos
      • 10mos
      • 12mos
      • 15mos
      • 18mos
      • 19mos
    8. cognitive:
      • Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
      • Stares at own hand
      • Uncovers toys
      • Egocentric symbolic play
      • Uses stick to reach toy
      • Pretend plays with doll
      • 2mos
      • 4mos
      • 8mos
      • 12mos
      • 17mos
      • 17mos
    9. The first year of life
      • Age 0-2 months:
        • Tremendous growth
        • Effective feeding routines
        • Predictable sleep-wake cycle
    10. Physical development:
      • Weight decrease 10% below birthweight in the first week as a result of excretion of excess extravascular fluid and limited intake.
      • Infant regain or exceed birth weight by 2 weeks of age and should grow at approx 30 gms/day during the first month.
      • Period of fastest postnatal growth.
      • Smiling occurs involuntarily.
      • Recognition memory.
      • Sleep and wakefulness are evenly distributed throughout the 24hr day
      • Learning also occurs.
    11. Cognitive development:
      • Infants habituate to the familiar, attending less and less to repeated stimuli and increasing their attention when the stimulus changes.
      • Infant can differentiate among patterns, colors and consonants.
      • Recognize facial expression
    12. Emotional development:
      • Dependent on the environment to meet his or her need.
    13. Age 2-6 month:
      • Voluntary social smile.
      • Increasing eye contact
    14. Physical development:
      • Between 3 and 4 months of age, the rate of growth slows to approx 20gm/day.
      • By 4 month, birth weight is doubled.
      • Grasp reflex
      • Roll over
      • Regular sleep wake cycle
    15. Cognitive development:
      • Qualitative change
      • 4 months of age infants are described as hatching socially
      • Explore their own bodies
      • Sense of self – first stage of personality development
    16. Emotional development and communication:
      • Distinct facial expressions
      • Initiating games, increases social development.
    17. Ages 6-12 months
      • Shows advances in cognitive understanding and communicative competence.
      • Develop will and intentions
    18. Physical development:
      • Growth slows more
      • By the first bday, birth weight has tripled, length has increased by 50%, and head circumference has increased by 10cm.
      • Sit unsupported (6-7mos)
      • Pivot while sitting (9-10mos)
      • Thumb finger grasp (8-9mos)
      • Neat finger grasp by 12 mos
      • Pulling to stand by 8mos
      • Walk by 1yr
      • Motor achievements correlate with increasing myelinization and cerebellar growth.
      • Tooth eruption occurs, usually starting with the mandibular central incisors
      • Tooth development reflects skeletal maturation and bone age.
    19. Cognitive development:
      • At first everything goes into the mouth.
      • A major milestone is the achievement at about 9 mos. Of object permanence (constancy)
    20. Emotional development:
      • Stranger anxiety
      • Poor weight gain
      • Tantrums
    21. Communication:
      • 7mos adept of non verbal communication
      • 9mos aware of the emotions
      • 8 and 10mos babbling takes
      • Social interaction
      • First true word
    22. The second year
      • Age 12-18mos:
        • Physical development:
          • Growth rate slows further in the 2 nd yr of life
          • Appetite decline
          • Increase in head circumference of 2cm over the yr.
    23. Cognitive development:
      • Exploration of the environment increases and mobility
      • Playthings
      • Imitation of parents and older children
      • Symbolic play
    24. Emotional development:
      • Predominant mood changes
      • Tantrum
    25. Linguistic development:
      • Infants speak their first words
      • Respond appropriately to several simple statement
      • Points to major body parts and uses 4-6 words spontaneously and correctly
    26. Age 18-24 months:
      • Physical development:
        • Height and weight increase at a steady rate, w/ gain of 5in and 5lb.
        • By 24mos, children are about ½ of their ultimate adult height.
        • Head growth slows slightly
        • 90% of adult head circumference is achieved by age 2 yrs.
    27. Cognitive development:
      • Object permanence is firmly established
      • Cause and effect are better understood
    28. Emotional development:
      • Separation anxiety
      • Self-conscious awareness
    29. Linguistic development:
      • Most dramatic development
      • Childs vocabulary balloons, the beginning of grammar
      • Understand 2-step commands

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