Manuel de Landa: species and ecosystems

species and ecosystems Manuel de Landa

species and ecosystems

structure generating processes species and ecosystems

structure generating processes species and ecosystems [gene pool of species]

structure generating processes species and ecosystems [gene pool of species] historical outcome of a sorting process

structure generating processes species and ecosystems [gene pool of species] accumulation of historical outcome of a sorting process genetic materials by selection pressures

structure generating processes species and ecosystems [gene pool of species] accumulation of historical outcome of a sorting process genetic materials by selection pressures consolidation

structure generating processes species and ecosystems [gene pool of species] accumulation of historical outcome of a sorting process genetic materials by selection pressures consolidation reproductive isolation

reproductive isolation

reproductive isolation external causes

reproductive isolation external internal causes causes

ﬂow of genes reproductive isolation external internal causes causes

ﬂow of genes reproductive isolation barriers external internal causes causes

ﬂow of genes reproductive isolation barriers external internal causes causes encapsulated in packets

ﬂow of genes reproductive isolation barriers external internal causes causes encapsulated in packets stratiﬁed system

ﬂow of genes Organisms and genomes may thus be regarded as compartments of the biosphere through which genes in general circulate at various rates and in which individual genes and operons may be incorporated if of sufficient advantage. KWJeon & JFDanielli, 1971

3 abstract machines

3 abstract machines hierarchies

3 abstract machines hierarchies meshworks

3 abstract machines hierarchies searching device /probe head meshworks

3 abstract machines hierarchies searching device /probe head meshworks } ≈geological world

3 abstract machines hierarchies searching device /probe head meshworks } ≈geological world ≉ biological species

evolution

evolution descent with modiﬁcation

evolution descent with modiﬁcation any variable replicator [no just genetic]

evolution descent with modiﬁcation any variable replicator + any sorting device [no just genetic] [no just ecological selection pressures]

evolution descent with modiﬁcation any variable replicator + any sorting device [no just genetic] [no just ecological selection pressures] } ≈searching device / probe head explores a space of possible forms

evolution descent with modiﬁcation any variable replicator + any sorting device [no just genetic] [no just ecological selection pressures] } ≈searching device / probe head explores a space of possible forms characteristic of life forms / but doesn’t constitute an essence of life [language]

life ﬂow of genes through replication

life ﬂow of genes through ﬂow of biomass replication

life ﬂow of genes through ﬂow of biomass replication individuals

life ﬂow of genes through ﬂow of biomass replication individuals members of a species

life ﬂow of genes through ﬂow of biomass replication individuals members of a members of a species reproductive community /particular ecosystem // participating in the exchange of energy

// energy

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states]

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states] [static] [cyclical] [chaotic] [autopoietic* self-created and autonomous]

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states] } pre- [static] conﬁgurations of [cyclical] space explored [chaotic] by the probe [autopoietic* self-created and autonomous] head

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states] } pre- [static] conﬁgurations of [cyclical] space explored [chaotic] by the probe [autopoietic* self-created and autonomous] head adaptative landscapes

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states] } pre- [static] conﬁgurations of [cyclical] space explored [chaotic] by the probe [autopoietic* self-created and autonomous] head interacting adaptative species landscapes in a ecosystem

// energy attractors [own dynamic stable states] } pre- [static] conﬁgurations of [cyclical] space explored [chaotic] by the probe [autopoietic* self-created and autonomous] head interacting adaptative species landscapes in a ecosystem conditions/ hierarchies change in time

organic evolution cultural evolution [genetic determinism] [cultural relativism]

organic evolution cultural evolution [genetic determinism] [cultural relativism] } interactionist approach

organic evolution cultural evolution [genetic determinism] [cultural relativism] } interactionist approach /organic and cultural change involve replicators /new structures arise by retention of variants

organic evolution cultural evolution [genetic determinism] [cultural relativism] } interactionist approach /organic and cultural change involve replicators /new structures arise by retention of variants organic and cultural constraints are contingent historical products

organic evolution cultural evolution [genetic determinism] [cultural relativism] } interactionist approach /organic and cultural change involve replicators /new structures arise by retention of variants organic and cultural constraints are contingent historical products [different time- scale]

genetic replicants cultural replicants

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction [sorting device]

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device]

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints guiding accumulation of cultural replicators

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints cultural materials guiding inﬂuence accumulation of accumulation of cultural replicators genes

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints cultural materials guiding inﬂuence cultural materials accumulation of accumulation of accumulated cultural replicators genes > institutional values > selection pressures for cultural accumulation > self-selecting

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints cultural materials guiding inﬂuence cultural materials accumulation of accumulation of accumulated cultural replicators genes > institutional values > selection pressures for cultural accumulation > self-selecting enhancemen t

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints cultural materials guiding inﬂuence cultural materials accumulation of accumulation of accumulated cultural replicators genes > institutional values > selection pressures for cultural accumulation > self-selecting enhancemen t opposition

genetic replicants cultural replicants direct interaction indirect interaction [sorting device] genetic constraints cultural materials guiding inﬂuence cultural materials accumulation of accumulation of accumulated cultural replicators genes > institutional values > selection pressures for cultural accumulation > self-selecting enhancemen neutrality t opposition

cultural evolution ﬂow of memes

cultural evolution ﬂow of genes large animals microorganisms ﬂow of memes

cultural evolution ﬂow of genes large animals microorganisms cultural replicators one-to-one ﬂow of memes one-to-many

cultural evolution ﬂow of genes large animals microorganisms cultural replicators more than one searching device: one-to-one imitation ﬂow of memes enforced repetition one-to-many bodies> organic sustratum of cultural replicators

ﬂow of replicators genes, memes, norms, routines

ﬂow of + ﬂow of energy replicators genes, memes, biomass norms, routines

An autopoietic machine is a machine organized (deﬁned as a unity) as a network of processes of production (transformation and destruction) of components which: (i) through their interactions and transformations continuously regenerate and realize the network of processes (relations) that produced them; and (ii) constitute it (the machine) as a concrete unity in space in which they (the components) exist by specifying the topological domain of its realization as such a network. h. maturana - f. varela

Manuel de Landa: species and ecosystems

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