Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis & Respiration By Rory, Adam, Kyle, Natasha, & Christopher

Photosynthesis
Ever seen a calculator with a small solar panel and no batteries? That is because it is using light from the sun; like all kinds of plants and some bacteria. The word comes from Photo, or light, and synthesis, which means putting together. Photosynthesis literally means “Light to make food”.

The Two Stages
There are two stages in photosynthesis. The first is capturing the suns energy, and the second is producing sugars. Plants and other organisms use water, carbon dioxide, and sun light to create oxygen and glucose, a sugar.

Capturing The Suns Energy
This is the first stage of photosynthesis, this occurs in the chloroplasts which give the plant it’s green color. The chloroplasts have a material in it called stomata, which water and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The Pigments that capture the light are colored yellow orange and green but the green ones (chlorophylls) are so greater in number plants are usually green.

Using Energy To Make Food
The second stage of photosynthesis is turning sun light, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. These materials are obtained varies ways. Water is obtained from stomata, stomata are small openings in the underside of leaves. They control the entrance and leaving of carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen. Like large cell membranes.

Using Energy To Make Food Part Two
After the water and carbon dioxide enter the stomata, they travel to the chloroplasts and other pigments. Where they go through complex sequences of chemical reactions with energy captured from the sun. Like baking a cake, There is a desired product of glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Photosynthesis Equation
The photosynthesis equation is:
6 CO2 + 6 HO2  C6H12O6 + 602
Carbon dioxide + water  (sunlight) glucose + Oxygen
The product in this case is one molecule of glucose and six of oxygen. The leave will then release the oxygen and keep the glucose for food or carry out cell functions.

Photosynthesis & Life
Eat any kind of food. Did you know, that no matter the food, that is would not have survived with out sun light? Think of a food chain. With out energy, the food chain would crumble and all parts would die. Don’t believe me? Think about steak. The cow would have died if it didn’t have grass. The grass would have died with out sunlight. Organisms that get food from the sun directly are autotrophs, an energy makes it’s own food.

Photosynthesis & Life Part Two
An organism that gets it’s energy indirectly from the sun is a heterotroph or something that can’t get energy from the sun. If you don’t believe me that you are a heterotroph, go out side in the sun and lay down. Yes you might get a good tan but you won’t get any less hungry (and if you do it in the middle of the winter people will think your crazy) See? We were right!

RESPIRATION CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2

Respiration
If you have ever gone on a long hike, then you know that you need energy to go accomplish that hike. Almost everyone knows that you need energy to work properly and live. But not everyone knows how that works. You usually do not get energy from food for quite a long time, because it has to go through the digestion, and then travels through cells to different cells in your body. Hopefully in this section you will learn how your body obtains energy from the food you eat

Storing and Releasing
The easiest way of thinking about how cells use energy is like a bank. You can put money in the bank, or eat food. You then take money out when you use energy. If you run out of money a.k.a anorexia, your body starts using other sources for energy like bones and muscles. In a bank you might refinance your house, or other things like that.

Storing and Releasing Part Two
Unlike animals and humans who need physical matter for food, plants can use photosynthesis to make glucose, a sugar.

Respiration
After eating any kind of food, your body converts the carbohydrates into sugars and glucose, a type of sugar. During respiration, cells break down simple food like glucose and release the energy they contain.

Respiration Equation
The respiration equation is-
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Like the equation of photosynthesis, the respiration equation is almost opposite.

The Two Stages
Again like photosynthesis, respiration is a two stage process. The first step of respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. This stage does not need oxygen, until the remaining glucose that weren’t used for this stage is to be used in the mitochondrion. In the next stage, located in the mitochondrion the remaining glucose is made into energy that is then transported to other parts of the body.

The Yin Yang Effect
If you look at the two equations,
Photosynthesis- 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H1206 + 6O2
Respiration – C6H1206 + 602  6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
They are opposites except both procedures create energy. With out plants their would be no oxygen. Without humans their would be no carbon dioxide.

The Yin Yang Effect (cont.)
This is the problem with destroying the rain forest with so many plants being cut down they is not enough oxygen being made for the many people of earth.

Fermentation
Have you ever wondered how there are cells in areas with no oxygen like deep ocean and under lakes and swamps. This is called Fermentation, or how cells get energy from sugar that doesn’t have oxygen. The energy released in this stage is much smaller from each molecule then with oxygen. There are two kinds of fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and lactic-acid fermentation.

Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation happens in yeast and is essential for bakers and brewers. It is named thus because it creates another material, alcohol. When the carbon dioxide in yeast makes bread rise, it also makes beers and wine bubbly and alcoholic.

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Photosynthesis and Respiration

by computer7guy on Mar 26, 2008

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Photosynthesis and Respiration — Presentation Transcript