The organization of living things

The Organization of Living Things
By
Carla Bridges

Why can’t you use your teeth to breathe?
Why can’t you use your arm muscles to digest food?

What is a Multicellular organism?
You Are!!!!!!!!!!
An organism made of many cells.
Made by making more small cells, not by making cells larger.
For example: Elephant vs. human

What are the benefits of being multicellular?
Larger Size
Larger than single celled organisms
Prey for less predators
Wider variety of prey

More benefits
Longer Life
Is not limited to the lifespan of a single cell

Even more benefits
Specialization
Each cell has a specific job.
Makes organism more efficient

Cells working together

Tissue-group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
Material around and between the cells is also part of the tissue.

Types of tissue

Animals have four types of tissue
Nerve tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Protective tissue

Plants have three types of tissue:
Transport tissue-moves water and nutrients through a plant
Protective tissue- covers the plant; helps the plant retain water, protection
Ground tissue- photosynthesis takes place here

Tissues Working Together

Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

Stomach
Has several kinds of tissue.
Muscle tissue makes food move in and through the stomach.
Special tissues make chemicals that help digest your food.
Connective tissue holds the stomach together.
Nervous tissue carries messages back and forth between the stomach and the brain.

List three advantages of being multicellular

Larger Size
Longer Life
Cell Specialization

What is an organ?

Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

Organs Working Together

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function is called an organ system.
Each organ system has a specific job to do in the body.

Plants have organ systems also:
Leaf system
Stem system
Root system

For Example
Digestive system
Stomach and Intestines
Job is to break down food into small particles.
The rest of the body depends on the digestive system for fuel.
The digestive system depends on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems for oxygen.
Cardiovascular System
Heart and Blood Vessels
Carries fuel to the rest of the body

Organisms

Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.
2 types
Unicellular and multicellular

Unicellular organisms
Bacteria
Protists
Some Fungi
Live in colonies but all of the cells are single cells
Each cell must carry out all life processes to survive

In Contrast:
Even the simplest multicellular organism has specialized cells that depend on each other for the survival of the organism.

What are the levels of organization in living things?

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Structure and function in organisms

Structureis the arrangement of parts in an organism.
Includes the shape of a part and the material of which the part is made.
Example:
The structure of the lungs is a large spongy sac.

Function is the job the part does
Example:
The function of the lungs is to carry oxygen to the rest of the body.
Connection;
The structure of the lungs enables them to perform a function.

Activity
Break into pairs according to shoe color

Works cited
Holt Science and Technology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Harcourt Education Company. Austin, Texas 2005.

National Science Education Standards Covered
UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization
UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation
UCP 5: Form and function
LS 1a: Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.
LS 1b: All organisms are composed of cells—the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular.
LS 1d: Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, or organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serves the organism as a whole.

The organization of living things

by coebridges

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The organization of living things Presentation Transcript