Age of Exploration
“Europeans Set Sail”
Week 1
1

Key Terms
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Christopher Columbus
• Vasco da Gama
• caravel
• astrolabe
• cartography
2

Main Ideas
1.What was the Age of Exploration? What reasons did European nations
have for wanting to explore new worlds?
2. Why did European leaders and explorers want to find a sailing trade
route to Asia instead of continuing to use the overland trade route?
3.Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of the
world at his time.
4.What technological inventions and improvements promoted the Age of
Exploration?
5.Identify Christopher Columbus and explain his significance to the
events of the world at his time
3

Main Idea #1
4

Main Idea #1
• How would you define the Age of
Exploration?
4

Main Idea #1
• How would you define the Age of
Exploration?
• What reasons did European nations
have for wanting to explore new
worlds?
4

Age of Exploration
Reasons
• Gain economic wealth
• Spread the Christian Religion
• Intellectual Curiosity
5

Main Idea #2
• Why did European leaders and
explorers want to find a sailing trade
route to Asia instead of continuing to
use the overland trade route?
6

7

SPICES
7

SPICES
In the 1400s, there was no
refrigeration. To prevent meat
from spoiling, people would
drown their meat in salt to
preserve and dry it (like beef
jerky). They also used a lot of
spices like pepper to cover up the
taste of the salted or spoiled
meat.
7

SPICES
In the 1400s, there was no
refrigeration. To prevent meat
from spoiling, people would
drown their meat in salt to
preserve and dry it (like beef
jerky). They also used a lot of
spices like pepper to cover up the
taste of the salted or spoiled
meat.
Ancient Romans used to pay
$125 for 12 ounces of
pepper. The pepper in your
local supermarket would
have paid for a year's rent.
7

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/Europe1400.jpg
8

http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/nwgif/nwottom.gif
9

Main Idea #3 & #4
10

Main Idea #3 & #4
• Identify Prince Henry and explain his
significance to the events of the world at his
time.
10

Main Idea #3 & #4
• Identify Prince Henry and explain his
significance to the events of the world at his
time.
• What technological inventions and
improvements promoted the Age of
Exploration?
10

11

Caravel
11

Thttp://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/bojador.GIFext
Men believed the currents south of Cape Bojador were so
strong that no ship would ever return and that the sun would
burn so hot that no life could survive on the land. From 1424 to
1434 Henry sent out 15 expeditions, all of which did not dare
to pass the Cape.
12

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imagevoy/Africa1.jpg
13

Vasco da Gama
14

Main Idea #5
15

Main Idea #5
• Identify Christopher Columbus and explain his
significance to the events of the world at his
time.
15

La Pinta
La Nina
Santa Maria
16

Columbus Voayge: http://www.mrnussbaum.com/columbustrip.gif
17

Week 2 Seminar
The Southern Colonies
Main Ideas
18

Main Idea #1
19

Main Idea #1
• What is a joint-stock company?
19

Main Idea #1
• What is a joint-stock company?
19

Main Idea #1
• What is a joint-stock company?
• What did the owners of the Virginia Company of
London hope to achieve by financing the creation of a
permanent settlement in Virginia?
19

- Charter -
a document, issued by a sovereign
or state, outlining the conditions
under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is
organized, and defining its rights
and privileges.
20

Main Idea #2
• Identify the factors that contributed to the success/
failure of early colonial settlements in the New
World.
21

Main Idea #3
22

Main Idea #3
• Compare and contrast each of the Southern
colonies political, economic, religious, and social
situations.
22

•South Carolina
•Virginia(Jamestown)
•Maryland
•North Carolina
•Georgia (Savannah)
23

Main Idea #4
24

Main Idea #4
• What caused Southern colonists to favor slaves
over indentured servants?
24

Main Idea #4
• What caused Southern colonists to favor slaves
over indentured servants?
• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather
than indentured servants?
24

Main Idea #4
• What caused Southern colonists to favor slaves
over indentured servants?
• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather
than indentured servants?
• How did Southern Colonists maintain control over
their slaves?
24

Indentured Servants
25

Indentured Servants
• Both white and black
indentured servants
lived, worked, & had
families together.
• 100,000 out of 130,000
people in Virginia were
indentured servants
25

Indentured Servants
26

Indentured Servants
• Contracted workers (4 -7
years) purchased by rich
aristocrats who agreed to
pay off their debt.
• Master fed, clothed, &
housed the servant.
• Servant received money,
tools, & rights to a few
acres of land at the end
of their contract.
26

Indentured Servants
27

Indentured Servants
• Problems - Leave after a
few years, not used to
heavy farming or hot
weather.
27

Indentured Servants
• Problems - Leave after a
few years, not used to
heavy farming or hot
weather.
• England’s economy
improves in the late half
of the 17th century.
Fewer indentured
servants for hire.
27

Rise of Slavery
• Strong, in-expensive, no
government protection,
black skin keeps them
from blending in with the
rest of the crowd,
permanent workers.
• Black skin became
synonymous with being a
slave.
28

Establishing White
Supremacy
“How could the ruling class break the bonds
between the white and black servant class? How
could the nobles enslave one race - the blacks -
forever?”
-- Slavery and Miscegenation[inter-racial marriage] in America
by: Linda Allen Bryant
Answer: Slave Codes
29

Carolina Slave Codes
“Carolina authorities
developed laws to keep the
African American population
under control. Whipping,
branding, dismembering,
castrating, or killing a slave
were legal under many
circumstances. Freedom of
movement, to assemble at a
funeral, to earn money, even
to learn to read and write,
became outlawed.”
--http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html
A Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows
30

31

Triangular Trade Route
Triangular Trade Route - fueled the growth of slavery in the
Americas.
• Slave traders brought Africans to the Americas
• Rum and sugar cane from the Americas went to Europe
• Sales of these products provided money to European
slave traders to capture and transport more Africans to
the Americas.
[Engaging Students in American History]
32

33

34

35

36

Week 3 Seminar
The New England Colonies
Main Ideas
37

38

Main Idea #1
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
- Europe’s improving economy after 1650
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
- Europe’s improving economy after 1650
- Easy availability of slaves
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
- Europe’s improving economy after 1650
- Easy availability of slaves
- Advantages of Blacks over Whites
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
- Europe’s improving economy after 1650
- Easy availability of slaves
- Advantages of Blacks over Whites
- Church and slave codes
39

Main Idea #1
What factors led to the
development of slavery in the
colonies?
- Lack of indentured servants
- Europe’s improving economy after 1650
- Easy availability of slaves
- Advantages of Blacks over Whites
- Church and slave codes
Reference: Slaves vs Indentured Servants PDF
39

40

Main Idea #2
Describe the conditions and
common practices aboard a
typical slave ship bound for the
middle passage?
40

41

Main Idea #3
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith
test.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith
test.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith
test.
42

Main Idea #3
Explain the role religion played in the
establishment of the New England colonies
and in daily colonial life.
- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was
to escape religious persecution.
- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.
- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith
test.
Reference: Holt Chp.3/Sec.2 PDF
42

Mayflower
Compact
43

Mayflower
Compact
Settlers consented to follow the
rules & regulations of the gov’t
for the sake of survival.
43

Mayflower
Compact
Settlers consented to follow the
rules & regulations of the gov’t
for the sake of survival.
43

Mayflower
Compact
Settlers consented to follow the
rules & regulations of the gov’t
for the sake of survival.
Gov’t gets its power from the
people it is governing.
43

Mayflower
Compact
Settlers consented to follow the
rules & regulations of the gov’t
for the sake of survival.
Gov’t gets its power from the
people it is governing.
43

Mayflower
Compact
Settlers consented to follow the
rules & regulations of the gov’t
for the sake of survival.
Gov’t gets its power from the
people it is governing.
Foundation of the United States
Constitution
43

General Court
44

Main Idea #4
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies
compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern
colonies?
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies
compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern
colonies?
• Did the first colonists in New England suffer hardships and conflicts similar to
those suffered by the people at Jamestown?
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies
compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern
colonies?
• Did the first colonists in New England suffer hardships and conflicts similar to
those suffered by the people at Jamestown?
• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities?
Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?
45

Main Idea #4
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social
situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern
colonies. What similarities and differences exist?
• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies
compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern
colonies?
• Did the first colonists in New England suffer hardships and conflicts similar to
those suffered by the people at Jamestown?
• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities?
Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?
• How does New England’s colonial economic system compare to the Southern
colonial economic system?
45

Compare & Contrast
46

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
46

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive
(Squanto)
46

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive
(Squanto)
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
46

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive
(Squanto)
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Pilgrim women had the
right to sign contracts &
own land.
46

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive
(Squanto)
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Pilgrim women had the
right to sign contracts &
own land.
46

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive Puritans came well
(Squanto) prepared & faced little
resistance from local
• American Indians.
Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Pilgrim women had the
right to sign contracts &
own land.
46

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive Puritans came well
(Squanto) prepared & faced little
resistance from local
• American Indians.
Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Healthful climate
• Pilgrim women had the
right to sign contracts &
own land.
46

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive Puritans came well
(Squanto) prepared & faced little
resistance from local
• American Indians.
Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Healthful climate
• Pilgrim women had the
•
right to sign contracts & Bad soil, furs, fish,
own land. shipbuilding
46

Compare & Contrast
47

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
47

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
47

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
• Schools to be founded in
every township of 50
families.
47

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
• Schools to be founded in
every township of 50
families.
• William Bradford & John
Winthrop
47

Compare & Contrast
• •
Apprentices Mayflower Compact &
the General Court
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
• Schools to be founded in
every township of 50
families.
• William Bradford & John
Winthrop
47

John Winthrop
1st Governor of Massachusetts
“We shall be a city set on a hill.”
A holy city that would be a
model for the world.
Harmonious and selfless
Christian community.
Reference:
Massachusetts Bay Colony Video
48

William Bradford
John Smith like?
http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/portrait/bradford.jpg
49

William Bradford
John Smith like?
• Established a rationing system.
• Implemented fishing, trade, and
agricultural programs.
• Negotiated peaceful relations
with Narragansett Indians
• Kept the colony financially
supported
Reference: ABC-CLIO, “William Bradford”
http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/portrait/bradford.jpg
49

Squanto
http://www.mccarterfamily.com/mccarterpage/stories/stephen_hop
50

Puritan Life
The life of the colony
and of its people, the
clothes they should
wear, the length of their
hair, their labors and
pastimes, were all
supervised and regulated
in accordance with the
clergy's interpretation of
the scriptures.
Reference:
Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/
Pilgrims2.html>.
51

Puritan Life
Because Christmas, New Years
and other holidays were holy
days in the Catholic Church,
their observance was
prohibited.
Since the ministers said that
they could find no authority in
the Bible for church weddings
or church funerals, marriages
were performed by civil
magistrates, and the dead were
buried with a sermon, a song or
a prayer.
Reference:
Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/
Pilgrims2.html>.
52

Compare & Contrast
53

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
53

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive.
53

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive.
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
53

Compare & Contrast
• Pilgrims struggled
through the first winter.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive.
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Women had the right to
sign contracts & own
land.
53

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
natives to survive.
• Pilgrims made little $, but
were a strong community.
• Women had the right to
sign contracts & own
land.
53

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive. Came well prepared,
faced little resistance
• from local American
Pilgrims made little $, but
Indians.
were a strong community.
• Women had the right to
sign contracts & own
land.
53

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive. Came well prepared,
faced little resistance
• from local American
Pilgrims made little $, but
Indians.
were a strong community.
•
• Healthful climate
Women had the right to
sign contracts & own
land.
53

Compare & Contrast
• •
Pilgrims struggled Massachusetts Bay
through the first winter. Company finances
Puritan trip.
• Dependent on local
•
natives to survive. Came well prepared,
faced little resistance
• from local American
Pilgrims made little $, but
Indians.
were a strong community.
•
• Healthful climate
Women had the right to
sign contracts & own
•
land. Bad soil, furs, fish,
shipbuilding
53

Compare & Contrast
54

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
54

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
54

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
• Schools to be founded in
every township of 50
families.
54

Compare & Contrast
• Apprentices
• Male church members
are the only ones who
could vote.
• Schools to be founded in
every township of 50
families.
• William Bradford & John
Winthrop
54