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Chapter:  Earthquakes    and Volcanoes Table of Contents Section 3:  Earthquakes, Volcanoes,   and Plate Tectonics Section 1:  Earthquakes Section 2:  Volcanoes
[object Object],[object Object],What causes earthquakes?— Elastic Rebound Earthquakes 1
[object Object],[object Object],What causes earthquakes?— Elastic Rebound Earthquakes 1
[object Object],[object Object],Types of Faults Earthquakes 1
[object Object],[object Object],Types of Faults Earthquakes 1
[object Object],[object Object],Making Waves Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],Click image to view movie.
[object Object],Earthquake Focus and Epicenter Earthquakes 1
Earthquake Focus and Epicenter Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Seismic Waves Earthquakes 1
Seismic Waves Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Seismic Waves Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Seismic Waves Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Learning from Earthquakes— Earthquake Measurements Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],record of seismic waves from all over the world is called a  seismograph .
Learning from Earthquakes— Earthquake Measurements Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Epicenter Location Earthquakes 1
Epicenter Location Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
Epicenter Location Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],How strong are earthquakes? Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],The Richter Scale Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Earthquake Damage Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Earthquake Damage Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],destruction to human-built structures and Earth’s surface.
[object Object],Tsunamis Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Earthquake Safety—  Is your home seismic safe? Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Earthquake Safety—  Is your home seismic safe? Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Seismic-Safe Structures Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Seismic-Safe Structures Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Predicting Earthquakes Earthquakes 1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check 1 Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a type of stress in rock? A. compression B. epicenter C. shearing D. tension NC: 3.01
1 Section Check Answer The answer is B. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface located directly above the earthquake’s center. NC: 3.01
Section Check 1 Question 2 Where do P- and S-waves occur in relation to surface waves? NC: 3.01
1 Section Check Answer Seismic waves travel away from the epicenter in all directions. P-waves travel the fastest through rock material. S-waves move through the rock and cause particles to vibrate. Both P- and S-waves travel through the Earth’s interior while surface waves move along Earth’s surface. NC: 3.01
Section Check 1 Question 3 Why is it difficult to predict earthquakes? NC: 3.02
1 Section Check Answer Geologists can monitor changes in Earth that are associated with earthquakes. Measuring devices have been developed to assess changes in groundwater level and rock layers; however, no single change in Earth occurs for all earthquakes.  NC: 3.02
How do volcanoes form? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Where Plates Collide ,[object Object],[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Where Plates Collide ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Eruptions on a Caribbean Island ,[object Object],[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Eruptions on a Caribbean Island ,[object Object],[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Eruptions on a Caribbean Island ,[object Object],[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
Volcanic Risks ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Forms of Volcanoes ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
What determines how a volcano erupts? ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
What determines how a volcano erupts? ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
Shield Volcanoes ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
Cinder Cone Volcanoes ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object],a relatively small cone of volcanic material called a  cinder cone volcano .
Cinder Cone Volcanoes Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
Composite Volcanoes ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Composite Volcanoes Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fissure Eruptions ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object]
Fissure Eruptions ,[object Object],Volcanoes 2
Fissure Eruptions Volcanoes 2 ,[object Object],15 million years ago when several fissures erupted and the flows built up layer upon layer.
Section Check 2 Question 1 Where do most volcanoes occur?  Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries where huge pieces of the crust pull apart or push together. As a result, the crust often fractures, allowing magma to reach the surface. Answer NC: 3.01
Section Check 2 Question 2 What type of volcano is formed by an explosive eruption followed by a quiet eruption? A. cinder cone volcano B. composite volcano C. fissure eruption D. shield volcano NC: 3.02
Section Check 2 Answer The correct answer is B. Composite volcanoes erupt explosively releasing large quantities of gas and ash. They are followed by quieter eruptions that form a lava layer over the ash. NC: 3.02
Section Check 2 Question 3 What is a pyroclastic flow and why are they so dangerous to people who may live near volcanoes? NC: 3.01
Section Check 2 Answer Pyroclastic flows consist of hot, glowing rock that flows with intensely hot gases. The speed of a pyroclastic flow can reach 200 km/h, which does not allow time for someone living nearby to escape. NC: 3.01
Earth’s Moving Plates ,[object Object],[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object]
Where Volcanoes Form ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3
Divergent Plate Boundaries ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Convergent Plate Boundaries ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object]
Hot Spots ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object],upward through Earth’s mantle and crust.
Hot Spots Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object]
Hot Spots ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object]
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object]
Moving Plates Cause Earthquakes ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3
Earthquake Locations ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3
Earth’s Plates and Interior ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3
What is driving Earth’s plates? ,[object Object],Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3
What is driving Earth’s plates? Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 3 ,[object Object],which then produces the conditions that cause volcanoes and earthquakes.
Section Check 3 Question 1 How does a hot spot volcano form? A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface. Hot spot volcanoes may lie in the middle of plates far from any plate boundaries or near or on plate boundaries.  Answer NC: 3.02
Section Check 3 Question 2 What type of eruption occurs along a diverging plate boundary? Answer Fissure eruptions often occur along a divergent plate boundary. Divergent plate boundaries create rifts or cracks between boundaries allowing magma to flow onto Earth’s surface.  NC: 3.01
Section Check 3 Question 3 Where are damaging earthquakes most likely to occur?  NC: 3.02
Section Check 3 Answer Damaging earthquakes are most likely to occur along plate boundaries or coastlines.  NC: 3.02
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05 Chapter1

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  • 2. Chapter: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Table of Contents Section 3: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics Section 1: Earthquakes Section 2: Volcanoes
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  • 29. Section Check 1 Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a type of stress in rock? A. compression B. epicenter C. shearing D. tension NC: 3.01
  • 30. 1 Section Check Answer The answer is B. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface located directly above the earthquake’s center. NC: 3.01
  • 31. Section Check 1 Question 2 Where do P- and S-waves occur in relation to surface waves? NC: 3.01
  • 32. 1 Section Check Answer Seismic waves travel away from the epicenter in all directions. P-waves travel the fastest through rock material. S-waves move through the rock and cause particles to vibrate. Both P- and S-waves travel through the Earth’s interior while surface waves move along Earth’s surface. NC: 3.01
  • 33. Section Check 1 Question 3 Why is it difficult to predict earthquakes? NC: 3.02
  • 34. 1 Section Check Answer Geologists can monitor changes in Earth that are associated with earthquakes. Measuring devices have been developed to assess changes in groundwater level and rock layers; however, no single change in Earth occurs for all earthquakes. NC: 3.02
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  • 53. Section Check 2 Question 1 Where do most volcanoes occur? Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries where huge pieces of the crust pull apart or push together. As a result, the crust often fractures, allowing magma to reach the surface. Answer NC: 3.01
  • 54. Section Check 2 Question 2 What type of volcano is formed by an explosive eruption followed by a quiet eruption? A. cinder cone volcano B. composite volcano C. fissure eruption D. shield volcano NC: 3.02
  • 55. Section Check 2 Answer The correct answer is B. Composite volcanoes erupt explosively releasing large quantities of gas and ash. They are followed by quieter eruptions that form a lava layer over the ash. NC: 3.02
  • 56. Section Check 2 Question 3 What is a pyroclastic flow and why are they so dangerous to people who may live near volcanoes? NC: 3.01
  • 57. Section Check 2 Answer Pyroclastic flows consist of hot, glowing rock that flows with intensely hot gases. The speed of a pyroclastic flow can reach 200 km/h, which does not allow time for someone living nearby to escape. NC: 3.01
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  • 71. Section Check 3 Question 1 How does a hot spot volcano form? A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface. Hot spot volcanoes may lie in the middle of plates far from any plate boundaries or near or on plate boundaries. Answer NC: 3.02
  • 72. Section Check 3 Question 2 What type of eruption occurs along a diverging plate boundary? Answer Fissure eruptions often occur along a divergent plate boundary. Divergent plate boundaries create rifts or cracks between boundaries allowing magma to flow onto Earth’s surface. NC: 3.01
  • 73. Section Check 3 Question 3 Where are damaging earthquakes most likely to occur? NC: 3.02
  • 74. Section Check 3 Answer Damaging earthquakes are most likely to occur along plate boundaries or coastlines. NC: 3.02
  • 75. To advance to the next item or next page click on any of the following keys: mouse, space bar, enter, down or forward arrow. Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Help Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation.
  • 76. End of Chapter Summary File