Conditionals

CONDITIONALS 0, 1, 2 AND 3

A conditional sentence has two basic clauses:
the if-clause
(this states the condition or hypothesis )
the main clause
(this states the result )

PAY ATTENTION TO THE
OF THE VERB IN EACH CLAUSE
T E N S E

We put a comma in all conditional sentences when the if-clause (hypothesis) comes before the main clause (result). When the main clause comes first, we do not put a comma. e.g.
If you break the law, the police arrest you.
The police arrest you if you break the law.

We use it to talk about:
things that are always true, general ideas,
scientific facts
Form: Present Simple -> Present Simple
e.g. If you cook butter, it melts.
I feel ill if I run three kilometres.
Sometimes we can replace if with when .
e.g. Snow melts when the temperature rises.
ZERO CONDITIONAL

FIRST CONDITIONAL

FIRST CONDITIONAL
Use: 1)This describes something that is possible in the present or future . 2) We can also give advice or 3) issue a threat/ warning .
Form: (result)
-> Simple Future
( hypothesis)
If + Present Simple -> Modal (can, may,
might, must, should)
-> Imperative

FIRST CONDITIONAL
Examples: If you want it, I will buy it.
If you want it, you can have it.
If you want it, buy it yourself.
e.g. Unless you go now, you will miss the bus.
UNLESS = IF NOT (used instead of if)

FIRST CONDITIONAL
NOTE : so long as , as long as ,
provided (that) , providing (that) ->
can be used instead of if in 1 st conditional clauses
EXAMPLES:
As long as you promise to be careful,
you can use my computer.
Provided I finish work early tomorrow,
I’ll come with you.

LISTEN TO A SONG! If I let you go By Westlife

IF I LET YOU GO by WESTLIFE
But if I let you go,
I will never know
what my life would be
holding you close to me.
Will I ever see
you smiling back at me?
How will I know
if I let you go?

Think about it!
e.g. Will she come with you if you ask her?
Will you stay with the baby this evening if we can get tickets for the theatre?
When we make a question , the question form appears in the main clause , not in the if clause.

SECOND CONDITIONAL
Use: This describes: 1) a hypothetical or imaginary situation = something that is not true or real, 2) a situation contrary to the present situation, 3) a hypothetical, but possible situation. It refers to the present or future .
Form: if+ Simple Past -> would/ could/
(hypothesis) might + bare
infinitive (result)
e.g. If you asked, she would/could/might help you.

SECOND CONDITIONAL
REMEMBER!
If I were you is often used to give advice .
e.g. If I were you, I wouldn’t ask him that.
We usually say if I/he/she/it were instead of I/he/she/it was.
e.g. If he were rich, he would buy a castle.

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Use: 1) This describes an imaginary or untrue situation in the past . It may have been possible in the past, but did not happen.
2) We can also express regret or criticism .
Form: If+ Past Perfect -> would/could/
(hypothesis) might have+
past participle
(result)

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Examples : If you had helped me, I could have finished the work earlier.
(but you didn’t)
If he had known that I was in the town, he would have phoned me.
(but he didn’t)

MIXED CONDITIONALS
USE: This conditional type shows the present results of a past action .
If-clause : PAST PERFECT (same as 3 rd type)
Main clause : WOULD + bare inf. (2 nd type)
If you had been more careful (in the past), you wouldn’t be in trouble now (in the present).
If we had gone to bed earlier (in the past) , we wouldn’t feel so tired now (in the present) .

How will you feel if you study the whole chapter on the Conditionals?

The sleepy kitten

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Conditionals

by Maria Markaki School of Foreign Languages on Jan 31, 2010

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Conditionals — Presentation Transcript