HBaseCon 2012 | HBase Coprocessors – Deploy Shared Functionality Directly on the Cluster - Cloudera

HBaseCon, May 2012HBase CoprocessorsLars George | Solutions Architect

Revision HistoryVersion Revised By Description of RevisionVersion 1 Lars George Initial version2 ©2011 Cloudera, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential. Reproduction or redistribution without written permission is prohibited.

Overview•  Coprocessors were added to Bigtable –  Mentioned during LADIS 2009 talk•  Runs user code within each region of a table –  Code split and moves with region•  Defines high level call interface for clients•  Calls addressed to rows or ranges of rows•  Implicit automatic scaling, load balancing, and request routing

Examples Use-Cases•  Bigtable uses Coprocessors –  Scalable metadata management –  Distributed language model for machine translation –  Distributed query processing for full-text index –  Regular expression search in code repository•  MapReduce jobs over HBase are often map- only jobs –  Row keys are already sorted and distinct ➜ Could be replaced by Coprocessors

HBase Coprocessors•  Inspired by Google’s Coprocessors –  Not much information available, but general idea is understood•  Define various types of server-side code extensions –  Associated with table using a table property –  Attribute is a path to JAR file –  JAR is loaded when region is opened –  Blends new functionality with existing•  Can be chained with Priorities and Load Order➜ Allows for dynamic RPC extensions

Coprocessor Classes and Interfaces•  The Coprocessor Interface –  All user code must inherit from this class•  The CoprocessorEnvironment Interface –  Retains state across invocations –  Predefined classes•  The CoprocessorHost Interface –  Ties state and user code together –  Predefined classes

Coprocessor Priority•  System or User/** Highest installation priority */static final int PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 0;/** High (system) installation priority */static final int PRIORITY_SYSTEM = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 4;/** Default installation prio for user coprocessors */static final int PRIORITY_USER = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2;/** Lowest installation priority */static final int PRIORITY_LOWEST = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

Coprocessor Environment•  Available Methods

Coprocessor Host•  Maintains all Coprocessor instances and their environments (state)•  Concrete Classes –  MasterCoprocessorHost –  RegionCoprocessorHost –  WALCoprocessorHost•  Subclasses provide access to specialized Environment implementations

Control Flow

Coprocessor Interface•  Base for all other types of Coprocessors•  start() and stop() methods for lifecycle management•  State as defined in the interface:

Observer Classes•  Comparable to database triggers –  Callback functions/hooks for every explicit API method, but also all important internal calls•  Concrete Implementations –  MasterObserver •  Hooks into HMaster API –  RegionObserver •  Hooks into Region related operations –  WALObserver •  Hooks into write-ahead log operations

Region Observers•  Can mediate (veto) actions –  Used by the security policy extensions –  Priority allows mediators to run first•  Hooks into all CRUD+S API calls and more –  get(), put(), delete(), scan(), increment(),… –  checkAndPut(), checkAndDelete(),… –  flush(), compact(), split(),…•  Pre/Post Hooks for every call•  Can be used to build secondary indexes, filters

Endpoint Classes•  Define a dynamic RPC protocol, used between client and region server•  Executes arbitrary code, loaded in region server –  Future development will add code weaving/ inspection to deny any malicious code•  Steps to add your own methods –  Define and implement your own protocol –  Implement endpoint coprocessor –  Call HTable’s coprocessorExec() or coprocessorProxy()

Coprocessor Loading•  There are two ways: dynamic or static –  Static: use configuration files and table schema –  Dynamic: not available (yet)•  For static loading from configuration: –  Order is important (defines the execution order) –  Special property key for each host type –  Region related classes are loaded for all regions and tables –  Priority is always System –  JAR must be on class path

Loading from Configuration•  Example: <property>! <name>hbase.coprocessor.region.classes</name> ! <value>coprocessor.RegionObserverExample, ! coprocessor.AnotherCoprocessor</value>! </property>  <property> ! <name>hbase.coprocessor.master.classes</name> ! <value>coprocessor.MasterObserverExample</value>! </property>  <property> ! <name>hbase.coprocessor.wal.classes</name> ! <value>coprocessor.WALObserverExample, ! bar.foo.MyWALObserver</value> ! </property> ! !

Coprocessor Loading (cont.)•  For static loading from table schema: –  Definition per table –  For all regions of the table –  Only region related classes, not WAL or Master –  Added to HTableDescriptor, when table is created or altered –  Allows to set the priority and JAR path COPROCESSOR$<num> ➜ ! <path-to-jar>|<classname>|<priority> !

Loading from Table Schema•  Example:COPROCESSOR$1 => ! hdfs://localhost:8020/users/leon/test.jar| ! coprocessor.Test|10 !!COPROCESSOR$2 => ! /Users/laura/test2.jar| ! coprocessor.AnotherTest|1000 !!

Example: Add Coprocessorpublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ! Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); ! FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);  Path path = new Path(fs.getUri() + Path.SEPARATOR +! "test.jar"); ! HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor("testtable");! htd.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("colfam1"));! htd.setValue("COPROCESSOR$1", path.toString() +! "|" + RegionObserverExample.class.getCanonicalName() +! "|" + Coprocessor.PRIORITY_USER); ! HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);! admin.createTable(htd); ! System.out.println(admin.getTableDescriptor(! Bytes.toBytes("testtable"))); !} !

Example Output{NAME => testtable, COPROCESSOR$1 =>!file:/test.jar|coprocessor.RegionObserverExample|1073741823, FAMILIES => [{NAME => colfam1,BLOOMFILTER => NONE, REPLICATION_SCOPE => 0,COMPRESSION => NONE, VERSIONS => 3, TTL =>2147483647, BLOCKSIZE => 65536, IN_MEMORY =>false, BLOCKCACHE => true}]} !!

Region Observers•  Handles all region related events•  Hooks for two classes of operations: –  Lifecycle changes –  Client API Calls•  All client API calls have a pre/post hook –  Can be used to grant access on preGet() –  Can be used to update secondary indexes on postPut()

Handling Region Lifecycle Events•  Hook into pending open, open, and pending close state changes•  Called implicitly by the framework –  preOpen(), postOpen(),…•  Used to piggyback or fail the process, e.g. –  Cache warm up after a region opens –  Suppress region splitting, compactions, flushes

Region Environment

Special Hook Parameterpublic interface RegionObserver extends Coprocessor {!! /**! * Called before the region is reported as open to the master.! * @param c the environment provided by the region server! */! void preOpen(final! ObserverContext<RegionCoprocessorEnvironment> c);!! /**! * Called after the region is reported as open to the master.! * @param c the environment provided by the region server! */! void postOpen(final ! ObserverContext<RegionCoprocessorEnvironment> c);!!

ObserverContext

Chain of Command•  Especially the complete() and bypass() methods allow to change the processing chain –  complete() ends the chain at the current coprocessor –  bypass() completes the pre/post chain but uses the last value returned by the coprocessors, possibly not calling the actual API method (for pre-hooks)

Example: Pre-Hook Complete@Override !public void preSplit(ObserverContext! <RegionCoprocessorEnvironment> e) {! e.complete(); !}!

Master Observer•  Handles all HMaster related events –  DDL type calls, e.g. create table, add column –  Region management calls, e.g. move, assign•  Pre/post hooks with Context•  Specialized environment provided

Master Environment

Master Services (cont.)•  Very powerful features –  Access the AssignmentManager to modify plans –  Access the MasterFileSystem to create or access resources on HDFS –  Access the ServerManager to get the list of known servers –  Use the ExecutorService to run system-wide background processes•  Be careful (for now)!

Example: Master Post Hookpublic class MasterObserverExample ! extends BaseMasterObserver { ! @Override public void postCreateTable( ! ObserverContext<MasterCoprocessorEnvironment> env, ! HRegionInfo[] regions, boolean sync) ! throws IOException { ! String tableName = ! regions[0].getTableDesc().getNameAsString(); ! MasterServices services =! env.getEnvironment().getMasterServices();! MasterFileSystem masterFileSystem =! services.getMasterFileSystem(); ! FileSystem fileSystem = masterFileSystem.getFileSystem();! Path blobPath = new Path(tableName + "-blobs");! fileSystem.mkdirs(blobPath); ! }!} !!

Example Output hbase(main):001:0> create testtable, colfam1‘! 0 row(s) in 0.4300 seconds ! ! $ bin/hadoop dfs -ls  Found 1 items  drwxr-xr-x - larsgeorge supergroup 0 ... /user/ larsgeorge/testtable-blobs !

Endpoints•  Dynamic RPC extends server-side functionality –  Useful for MapReduce like implementations –  Handles the Map part server-side, Reduce needs to be done client side•  Based on CoprocessorProtocol interface•  Routing to regions is based on either single row keys, or row key ranges –  Call is sent, no matter if row exists or not since region start and end keys are coarse grained

Custom Endpoint Implementation•  Involves two steps: –  Extend the CoprocessorProtocol interface •  Defines the actual protocol –  Extend the BaseEndpointCoprocessor •  Provides the server-side code and the dynamic RPC method

Example: Row Count Protocolpublic interface RowCountProtocol! extends CoprocessorProtocol {! long getRowCount() ! throws IOException; ! long getRowCount(Filter filter)! throws IOException; ! long getKeyValueCount() ! throws IOException; !} !!

Example: Endpoint for Row Countpublic class RowCountEndpoint !extends BaseEndpointCoprocessor !implements RowCountProtocol { !! private long getCount(Filter filter, ! boolean countKeyValues) throws IOException {  Scan scan = new Scan();! scan.setMaxVersions(1); ! if (filter != null) { ! scan.setFilter(filter); ! } !

Example: Endpoint for Row Count RegionCoprocessorEnvironment environment = ! (RegionCoprocessorEnvironment)! getEnvironment();! // use an internal scanner to perform! // scanning.! InternalScanner scanner =! environment.getRegion().getScanner(scan); ! int result = 0;!

Example: Endpoint for Row Count try { ! List<KeyValue> curVals = ! new ArrayList<KeyValue>(); ! boolean done = false;! do { ! curVals.clear(); ! done = scanner.next(curVals); ! result += countKeyValues ? curVals.size() : 1; ! } while (done); ! } finally { ! scanner.close(); ! } ! return result; ! } !!

Example: Endpoint for Row Count @Override! public long getRowCount() throws IOException {! return getRowCount(new FirstKeyOnlyFilter()); ! } !! @Override ! public long getRowCount(Filter filter) throws IOException {! return getCount(filter, false); ! } !! @Override! public long getKeyValueCount() throws IOException {! return getCount(null, true); ! } !}  ! !!

Endpoint Invocation•  There are two ways to invoke the call –  By Proxy, using HTable.coprocessorProxy() •  Uses a delayed model, i.e. the call is send when the proxied method is invoked –  By Exec, using HTable.coprocessorExec() •  The call is send in parallel to all regions and the results are collected immediately•  The Batch.Call class is used be coprocessorExec() to wrap the calls per region•  The optional Batch.Callback can be used to react upon completion of the remote call

Exec vs. Proxy

Example: Invocation by Execpublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ! Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); ! HTable table = new HTable(conf, "testtable");! try { ! Map<byte[], Long> results = ! table.coprocessorExec(RowCountProtocol.class, null, null,! new Batch.Call<RowCountProtocol, Long>() { ! @Override! public Long call(RowCountProtocol counter) ! throws IOException { ! return counter.getRowCount(); ! } ! }); ! !

Example: Invocation by Exec long total = 0;! for (Map.Entry<byte[], Long> entry : ! results.entrySet()) { ! total += entry.getValue().longValue();! System.out.println("Region: " + ! Bytes.toString(entry.getKey()) +! ", Count: " + entry.getValue()); ! } ! System.out.println("Total Count: " + total); ! } catch (Throwable throwable) { ! throwable.printStackTrace(); ! } !} !

Example OutputRegion: testtable,, 1303417572005.51f9e2251c...cbcb 0c66858f., Count: 2 !Region: testtable,row3, 1303417572005.7f3df4dcba...dbc9 9fce5d87., Count: 3 !Total Count: 5 !!

Batch Convenience•  The Batch.forMethod() helps to quickly map a protocol function into a Batch.Call•  Useful for single method calls to the servers•  Uses the Java reflection API to retrieve the named method•  Saves you from implementing the anonymous inline class

Batch Convenience Batch.Call call =! Batch.forMethod(! RowCountProtocol.class,! "getKeyValueCount"); ! Map<byte[], Long> results =! table.coprocessorExec(! RowCountProtocol.class, ! null, null, call); ! !

Call Multiple Endpoints•  Sometimes you need to call more than one endpoint in a single roundtrip call to the servers•  This requires an anonymous inline class, since Batch.forMethod cannot handle this

Call Multiple Endpoints Map<byte[], Pair<Long, Long>> ! results = table.coprocessorExec( ! RowCountProtocol.class, null, null,! new Batch.Call<RowCountProtocol,! Pair<Long, Long>>() { ! public Pair<Long, Long> call(! RowCountProtocol counter) ! throws IOException {  return new Pair(! counter.getRowCount(), ! counter.getKeyValueCount()); ! }! }); !

Example: Invocation by Proxy RowCountProtocol protocol =! table.coprocessorProxy(! RowCountProtocol.class,! Bytes.toBytes("row4")); ! long rowsInRegion =! protocol.getRowCount(); ! System.out.println(! "Region Row Count: " +! rowsInRegion); ! !

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HBaseCon 2012 | HBase Coprocessors – Deploy Shared Functionality Directly on the Cluster - Cloudera

by Cloudera, Inc. on May 30, 2012

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HBaseCon 2012 | HBase Coprocessors – Deploy Shared Functionality Directly on the Cluster - Cloudera Presentation Transcript