The Rise of Fascism Glorification of Power

Etymology of Fascism Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term in 1919, referring to the Roman symbol for “power through unity” – a bundle of reeds called “fasces,” individually weak but collectively strong.

Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term in 1919, referring to the Roman symbol for “power through unity” – a bundle of reeds called “fasces,” individually weak but collectively strong.

What is Fascism? a form of nationalistic and authoritarian government initially emerged in Italy under Benito Mussolini in 1919

a form of nationalistic and authoritarian government

initially emerged in Italy under Benito Mussolini in 1919

More About Fascism supremacy of the nation and its leader above all else demands discipline and devotion from the individual members of society extremely militaristic adopt aggressive policies toward other countries

supremacy of the nation and its leader above all else

demands discipline and devotion from the individual members of society

extremely militaristic

adopt aggressive policies toward other countries

Fascism and Totalitarianism Fascist ideology is totalitarian, which means a political system that controls every aspect of life, so that there is no private sphere or independent organizations.

Fascist ideology is totalitarian, which means a political system that controls every aspect of life, so that there is no private sphere or independent organizations.

Fascism Throughout History typically, fascism has appeared in countries with turbulent economic, social, and political conditions in addition to limited experience with democratic institutions and traditions

typically, fascism has appeared in countries with turbulent economic, social, and political conditions in addition to limited experience with democratic institutions and traditions

Fascism in Power M arginalizing and demonizing racial and religious minority groups Linking elites and dominant religious institutions and ideals Promoting sexist attitudes Promoting militarism and obsession with national security; dismissing ignoring, or violating “human rights” Centralizing control of mass media by eliminating oppositional media, rewarding compliant media, and censoring/controlling media content

M arginalizing and demonizing racial and religious minority groups

Linking elites and dominant religious institutions and ideals

Promoting sexist attitudes

Promoting militarism and obsession with national security; dismissing ignoring, or violating “human rights”

Centralizing control of mass media by eliminating oppositional media, rewarding compliant media, and censoring/controlling media content

Fascism in Power Consolidating economic control by promoting plutocracy*, state support of corporate interests, and suppression of labor organization. Consolidating ‘cultural’ control by suppression of intellectual and artistic freedoms, attacking higher education, standardizing public school curricula. plutocracy = A government or state in which the wealthy rule

Consolidating economic control by promoting plutocracy*, state support of corporate interests, and suppression of labor organization.

Consolidating ‘cultural’ control by suppression of intellectual and artistic freedoms, attacking higher education, standardizing public school curricula.

plutocracy = A government or state in which the wealthy rule

Fascism in Power Consolidating political power through widespread use of corruption and cronyism* Use of fraudulent election and plebiscite* practices that support elite interests cronyism = Favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office plebiscite = A vote in which a population exercises the right of national self-determination

Consolidating political power through widespread use of corruption and cronyism*

Use of fraudulent election and plebiscite* practices that support elite interests

cronyism = Favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office

plebiscite = A vote in which a population exercises the right of national self-determination

Fascism in Power Imposing draconian criminal justice practices, including expanding the definition of ‘crime,’ instituting harsher punishment practices, and eliminating alternatives to incarceration Draconian = Exceedingly harsh; very severe

Imposing draconian criminal justice practices, including expanding the definition of ‘crime,’ instituting harsher punishment practices, and eliminating alternatives to incarceration

Draconian = Exceedingly harsh; very severe

Fascist Principles Anti-individualistic Anti-democratic Anti-egalitarian Anti-capitalist Anti-pacifist Anti-internationalist Anti-conservative Anti-intellectual

Anti-individualistic

Anti-democratic

Anti-egalitarian

Anti-capitalist

Anti-pacifist

Anti-internationalist

Anti-conservative

Anti-intellectual

Examples of Fascism Italy under Mussolini (1919-1943) Portugal under Salizar (1922-1968) Germany under Hitler (1933-1945) Spain under Franco (1938-1975) Argentina under Juan Peron (1946-55) Chile under Pinochet (1973-1990) Iraq under Saddam Hussein (1970s – 2003) South Africa apartheid regime for blacks (1945-1990)

Italy under Mussolini (1919-1943)

Portugal under Salizar (1922-1968)

Germany under Hitler (1933-1945)

Spain under Franco (1938-1975)

Argentina under Juan Peron (1946-55)

Chile under Pinochet (1973-1990)

Iraq under Saddam Hussein (1970s – 2003)

South Africa apartheid regime for blacks

(1945-1990)