SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 24
Download to read offline
DSLR Beginner’s Course
Taking Control of Your Camera
The Basics of Exposure
• What is photography?
• Capturing light.
• Correct exposure is achieved by capturing the
  correct quantity of light.
What happens when exposure is incorrect?

Underexposed                      Overexposed
Three Controls of Exposure

• Shutter speed
   –    The duration of time that the shutter opens to allow light into the camera (e.g. 1/60th of a second).

• Aperture
   –    The size of the lens opening through which light can enter. Like the pupils in our eyes, it can open
        bigger or smaller to allow or restrict the amount of light. The setting for the aperture is expressed as
        a ratio (e.g. f/4 or f/8). This is also called the “f-stop”.
• ISO
   –    The sensitivity setting of the digital sensor. Most DSLRs have a “base” ISO of 100 or 200. When a
        higher setting is used, the incoming light is amplified electronically to give a brighter image. The
        advantage of high ISO settings is the ability to achieve the same exposure when there is less light
        available. The disadvantage is that the resulting image will be grainy or noisy.
Getting to know your camera
Understanding your settings
What do all of these boxes mean?
The Light Meter
• As the name implies, it measures the amount of light in a given
  scene.
• In-camera meters take reflective readings of a scene.
• A reflective light meter assumes that the world is gray, and
  therefore, it can easily be fooled.
    – Example: In the same environment, a white piece of paper will reflect a lot
      more light than a black t-shirt.

• A reflective reading must be interpreted to ensure a correct
  exposure.
The Light Meter, cont.
• Metering Modes
   – Evaluative/Matrix (default mode)
       • The camera divides the scene into several zones, and uses its knowledge of common
         situations to choose the best exposure. This mode is the most effective in the
         majority of situations, but can fail in backlit or other challenging lighting conditions.
   – Center-weighted average
       • Similar to evaluative/matrix mode, but gives more weight to the exposure in the
         center of the frame than the edges.
   – Partial and Spot
       • These are two separate modes, but are very similar. Partial and spot metering only
         reads a portion of the scene, and ignores the rest. This setting is useful for those
         challenging situations where evaluative/matrix might not do a good job.
The Light Meter, cont.
• Comparison of partial vs. spot metering:
The Light Meter, cont.
• Metering settings in menus:
“Zero” out your exposure
• Set cameras to manual (M) mode.
    – In manual exposure mode, all the exposure settings (shutter speed, aperture, ISO) are
      controlled by you.
    – The light meter is still active, but the camera no longer uses it to set the exposure.

• Learn to read the light meter in manual mode.
    – The scale is usually a range from -2 to +2 or -3 to +3.
    – When the meter is in the middle, or at zero, this is the recommended exposure.
    – Each number in the scale is a factor of 2, i.e. +1 is twice the exposure as 0, while -2 is
      half the exposure of -1. This is also called a “stop”, i.e. +1 is one stop more than 0.
    – If the meter is blinking at the edge of the scale, it means that the meter reading is off
      the scale, and the current exposure value is more than 2 stops from the recommended
      setting.
“Zero” out your exposure, cont.
• Change the exposure settings to “zero” the meter out.
    – If the meter is on the negative side, zero it by increasing the exposure. Likewise, if the
      meter is on the positive side, zero it by decreasing the exposure.
    – Using what we know about the three controls of exposure, we can increase exposure by:

         1. Slowing down the shutter speed
               • Changing the shutter speed from 1/100th to 1/50th will increase the exposure by a stop.
         2. Opening up the aperture
               • A smaller F-number means a bigger aperture. f/4 is a bigger aperture setting than f/8. Try
                  making your F-numbers as small as possible.
         3. Increasing the ISO setting
               • Indoor settings are typically much darker than outdoor settings, and very high ISO
                  settings are necessary to get an adequate shutter speed. Try 1600 or 3200 to start.
Shutter speed, in detail
• In most situations, there is a minimum shutter speed required to achieve a
  sharp image.
    – Two rules to remember:
        1.   When handholding the camera, the shutter speed should be at least “1/focal length”, i.e. for a
             50mm lens, the minimum shutter speed is 1/50th, while a 200mm lens needs to be 1/200th or faster.

        2.   For moving objects, such as moving people, the minimum shutter speed is 1/125th. For faster moving
             objects, such as athletes or cars, the minimum shutter speed is 1/250th or even higher depending on
             their speed and direction of movement.

    – Both rules should be applied together, and the higher minimum speed should be
      the one used. Remember that these speeds are only guidelines. If you still see
      unwanted motion blur, the easiest solution is to increase the shutter speed.
Shutter speed comparison




1/20th                   1/2500th
Aperture, in detail
•   Also called the f-stop, and is expressed as a ratio, where “f” stands for “focal
    length”.
     – For example, when using a 50mm lens, f/4 means an aperture size of 50mm/4, or
       12.5mm.
•   The f-number is the denominator in the fraction. Therefore, a smaller f-number
    means a bigger aperture, and vice versa.




•   Lenses have a maximum aperture and a minimum aperture, which is the largest
    and smallest that the aperture can be set to, respectively.
Aperture, in detail, cont.
• Lingo: “open up” means to increase the aperture, while “stop down”
  means to make the aperture smaller.
• The aperture setting will affect both the sharpness and the depth of field
  of the an image.
    –   Sharpness: most lenses will produce the sharpest images when set 2 stops down from the maximum
        aperture. For a lens with a maximum aperture of f/5.6, the lens will be sharpest around f/11. Using a
        smaller aperture also increases the margin of error for focusing.
    –   Depth of Field: using a large aperture will result in images with shallow depth of field. This allows
        selective focus on a certain element, while leaving the rest of the frame out of focus. Conversely,
        using a small aperture results in images with a deep depth of field, allowing both foreground and
        background elements to be in focus.
Depth of Field
•   Defined as the distance between the nearest and farthest points in a scene that
    appear acceptably sharp.
•   Two factors determine the effective depth of field in an image:
     1. The physical size of the aperture.
         •    A bigger aperture will result in a shallower depth of field. With everything else being equal, an
              image shot with a 200mm lens at f/4 will have less depth of field than one shot with a 50mm
              lens at f/4, since the first image used an aperture size of 50mm, while the second used an
              aperture size of 12.5mm. For this reason, telephoto lenses tend to produce images with shallow
              depth of field, while wide-angle lenses tend to produce images with deep depth of field.
     2. The focus distance.
         •    Focusing on something inches away will put the background more out of focus than focusing on
              something a few feet away. This is due to the relative distance between the focus point and the
              background. A bigger relative distance means less depth of field. Visualize this effect by closing
              one eye and focus on a finger at different distances.
Depth of Field examples




85mm lens, f/1.4          400mm lens, f/2.8   14mm lens, f/16
ISO sensitivity, in detail
•   Since high ISO settings produce unwanted noise, it should be kept as low as
    possible.
     – When shooting outdoors in daylight, stick to ISO 100 or 200, as there is an abundance of
       light to achieve the minimum shutter speed, or a reasonable depth of focus.
     – Change to ISO 400 or 800 for very bright or fairly bright interiors. Remember to pay
       attention to the shutter speed, and adjust the ISO value according.
     – In dim interiors or shooting at night, ISO 1600 or higher is usually necessary to achieve a
       reasonable shutter speed.

•   In low light situations, high ISO settings are unavoidable, and should be used if
    necessary. While not ideal, a correctly exposed high ISO image will be better than
    one that is underexposed or blurred.
ISO Noise Comparison
White Balance
•   Our eyes are able to quickly adjust to different lighting conditions, and we can
    perceive a wide range of colors as “white”. While the following conditions produce
    significantly different color temperatures, we perceive the color of light to be more or
    less the same:
     –   A clear day with direct sunlight (5000k).
     –   An overcast sky (6000-6500k).
     –   Indoor fluorescent lighting (4000-4200k, with a green cast).
     –   Household lighting with “soft white” bulbs (2700-3100k).

•   Cameras must be given a reference point in order to know what is white. If set to
    sunlight temperature, images taken in overcast conditions will have a prominent blue
    cast, while indoor photos will result in orange/yellow skin tones.
White Balance, cont.
•   By default, the white balance setting is AWB (auto white balance).
•   This mode will set the appropriate white balance most of the time, but it can fail in
    some common situations:
     – When the frame is dominated by a single color, AWB will not be able to find a reference
       to set the correct white balance.
     – AWB has a range of 3000-7000k, which means that there are many lighting conditions
       that fall outside of its range. Most notably, household bulbs are typically 2700k, and
       AWB is unable to render this correctly.
•   When AWB fails, there are two solutions:
     1. Take a photograph of something known to be white, such as a piece of paper and set a
        custom white balance.
     2. Shoot RAW and adjust the white balance in post-processing.
White Balance examples




AWB (3450k)     Corrected (2500k)   AWB (3450k)   Corrected (2500k)
Choosing RAW or JPEG
• Advantages of shooting JPEG:
    – Convenience: ability to view and share photos immediately without additional software.
    – Smaller file size: shoot more images on media card.

• Advantages of shooting RAW:
    – Control: retain the ability to set white balance in post-processing, and the flexibility to
      process the image in multiple ways.
    – More image data: allows significantly more room for exposure corrections and noise
      reduction.

More Related Content

What's hot

Photography course, class 1
Photography course, class 1Photography course, class 1
Photography course, class 1SeppoToikka
 
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal Length
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal LengthPhotography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal Length
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal LengthJennifer Laluna
 
Aperture, zoom and focal length
Aperture, zoom and focal lengthAperture, zoom and focal length
Aperture, zoom and focal lengthAmber Bhaumik
 
Basic photography aperture and depth-of-field
Basic photography  aperture and depth-of-fieldBasic photography  aperture and depth-of-field
Basic photography aperture and depth-of-fieldJimi Kayode
 
Depth Of Field
Depth Of FieldDepth Of Field
Depth Of FieldZ Hoeben
 
Fundamental of lens in photography
Fundamental of lens in photographyFundamental of lens in photography
Fundamental of lens in photographyAnindya Das
 
Types of lenses by Sajjad Kayani
Types of lenses by Sajjad KayaniTypes of lenses by Sajjad Kayani
Types of lenses by Sajjad KayaniPTV
 
Camera Basics - Media Center IMAC
Camera Basics - Media Center IMACCamera Basics - Media Center IMAC
Camera Basics - Media Center IMACMedia Center IMAC
 
DSLR Camera Functions
DSLR Camera FunctionsDSLR Camera Functions
DSLR Camera FunctionsSam Georgi
 
Citizen Classes, Beginners Photography
Citizen Classes, Beginners PhotographyCitizen Classes, Beginners Photography
Citizen Classes, Beginners Photographycitizenspace
 
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close up
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close upCamera controls: Blur, depth of field, close up
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close upjamesbellphotography
 
Photography terminologypowerpoint
Photography terminologypowerpointPhotography terminologypowerpoint
Photography terminologypowerpointmapuk7
 

What's hot (20)

Exposure Triangle
Exposure TriangleExposure Triangle
Exposure Triangle
 
Photography vocabulary
Photography vocabularyPhotography vocabulary
Photography vocabulary
 
Aperture
ApertureAperture
Aperture
 
Basic camera controls
Basic camera controlsBasic camera controls
Basic camera controls
 
Photography course, class 1
Photography course, class 1Photography course, class 1
Photography course, class 1
 
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal Length
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal LengthPhotography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal Length
Photography: Apperture, Depth of Field, Focal Length
 
Aperture, zoom and focal length
Aperture, zoom and focal lengthAperture, zoom and focal length
Aperture, zoom and focal length
 
Basic photography aperture and depth-of-field
Basic photography  aperture and depth-of-fieldBasic photography  aperture and depth-of-field
Basic photography aperture and depth-of-field
 
Depth Of Field
Depth Of FieldDepth Of Field
Depth Of Field
 
Basic DSLR
Basic DSLRBasic DSLR
Basic DSLR
 
Fundamental of lens in photography
Fundamental of lens in photographyFundamental of lens in photography
Fundamental of lens in photography
 
Types of lenses by Sajjad Kayani
Types of lenses by Sajjad KayaniTypes of lenses by Sajjad Kayani
Types of lenses by Sajjad Kayani
 
Basics of Photography
Basics of PhotographyBasics of Photography
Basics of Photography
 
Photography Basics
Photography BasicsPhotography Basics
Photography Basics
 
Camera Basics - Media Center IMAC
Camera Basics - Media Center IMACCamera Basics - Media Center IMAC
Camera Basics - Media Center IMAC
 
DSLR Camera Functions
DSLR Camera FunctionsDSLR Camera Functions
DSLR Camera Functions
 
Citizen Classes, Beginners Photography
Citizen Classes, Beginners PhotographyCitizen Classes, Beginners Photography
Citizen Classes, Beginners Photography
 
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close up
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close upCamera controls: Blur, depth of field, close up
Camera controls: Blur, depth of field, close up
 
Photography terminologypowerpoint
Photography terminologypowerpointPhotography terminologypowerpoint
Photography terminologypowerpoint
 
Camera and dof
Camera and dofCamera and dof
Camera and dof
 

Viewers also liked

Oraganizational structure of the government at the centre
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centreOraganizational structure of the government at the centre
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centreDeepthi Shrikant
 
DSLR Camera Basics
DSLR Camera BasicsDSLR Camera Basics
DSLR Camera BasicsMuhannad
 
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-GhdaibDSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-GhdaibMuhannad
 
Photography Basics
Photography BasicsPhotography Basics
Photography Basicsdillarja
 
Photography 101
Photography 101Photography 101
Photography 101Primacy
 
Basic Photography 101
Basic Photography 101Basic Photography 101
Basic Photography 101Bas Olthoff
 
Introductory Lecture on photography
Introductory Lecture on photographyIntroductory Lecture on photography
Introductory Lecture on photographyAditya Rao
 

Viewers also liked (7)

Oraganizational structure of the government at the centre
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centreOraganizational structure of the government at the centre
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centre
 
DSLR Camera Basics
DSLR Camera BasicsDSLR Camera Basics
DSLR Camera Basics
 
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-GhdaibDSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
DSLR Camera Basics By Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
 
Photography Basics
Photography BasicsPhotography Basics
Photography Basics
 
Photography 101
Photography 101Photography 101
Photography 101
 
Basic Photography 101
Basic Photography 101Basic Photography 101
Basic Photography 101
 
Introductory Lecture on photography
Introductory Lecture on photographyIntroductory Lecture on photography
Introductory Lecture on photography
 

Similar to Citizen space dslr_bryan_tan

THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLR
THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLRTHE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLR
THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLRRanjit Patel
 
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEEDDIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED18dec
 
Going Manual
Going ManualGoing Manual
Going ManualRCB78
 
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITians
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITiansBasic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITians
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITiansFawad Najam
 
Photography Basics
Photography BasicsPhotography Basics
Photography BasicsAwal
 
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9VANESSA PAPALID
 
basicphotography.ppt
basicphotography.pptbasicphotography.ppt
basicphotography.pptjessemaguiya1
 
Digital Photography- Exposure Triangle
Digital Photography- Exposure TriangleDigital Photography- Exposure Triangle
Digital Photography- Exposure Trianglejspeir
 
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)
Sikes Digital photography 1   week 2  exposure (57 slides)Sikes Digital photography 1   week 2  exposure (57 slides)
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)jannasikes
 
Understanding Exposure
Understanding ExposureUnderstanding Exposure
Understanding ExposureNina Subramani
 
Camera Operation
Camera OperationCamera Operation
Camera OperationDrew Loker
 
Understanding exposure
Understanding exposureUnderstanding exposure
Understanding exposurejduchesne
 
clinical photography basic approach
clinical  photography basic approachclinical  photography basic approach
clinical photography basic approachDrArti Sharma
 
Camera parts-and-function
Camera parts-and-functionCamera parts-and-function
Camera parts-and-functiondivya thangaraj
 
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2Martin Franklin
 
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!Gary Phillips
 

Similar to Citizen space dslr_bryan_tan (20)

THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLR
THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLRTHE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLR
THE PERFECT GUIDE TO HELP YOU MASTER YOUR NIKON D-SLR
 
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEEDDIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED
DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED
 
Going Manual
Going ManualGoing Manual
Going Manual
 
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITians
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITiansBasic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITians
Basic DSLR Photography and Videography for AITians
 
Photography Basics
Photography BasicsPhotography Basics
Photography Basics
 
Digital Photo Basics
Digital Photo BasicsDigital Photo Basics
Digital Photo Basics
 
Exposure triangle
Exposure triangleExposure triangle
Exposure triangle
 
Basicphotography
Basicphotography Basicphotography
Basicphotography
 
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9
Basicphotography 1217986159022700-9
 
basicphotography.ppt
basicphotography.pptbasicphotography.ppt
basicphotography.ppt
 
Digital Photography- Exposure Triangle
Digital Photography- Exposure TriangleDigital Photography- Exposure Triangle
Digital Photography- Exposure Triangle
 
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)
Sikes Digital photography 1   week 2  exposure (57 slides)Sikes Digital photography 1   week 2  exposure (57 slides)
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)
 
Understanding Exposure
Understanding ExposureUnderstanding Exposure
Understanding Exposure
 
Camera Operation
Camera OperationCamera Operation
Camera Operation
 
Understanding exposure
Understanding exposureUnderstanding exposure
Understanding exposure
 
clinical photography basic approach
clinical  photography basic approachclinical  photography basic approach
clinical photography basic approach
 
Camera parts-and-function
Camera parts-and-functionCamera parts-and-function
Camera parts-and-function
 
Basics of photography
Basics of photographyBasics of photography
Basics of photography
 
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2
Digital SLR Portraiture Course 2
 
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
Photography - A Sip from a Firehose!
 

Recently uploaded

Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfolio
Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography PortfolioDeondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfolio
Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfoliodxobannon
 
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATION
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATIONMeal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATION
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATIONbilalpakweb
 
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkum
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van BerkumA selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkum
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkumberkumpje1
 
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsx
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsxThe Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsx
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsxguimera
 
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence C
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence CSmudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence C
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence Cmicahhansonart
 
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkum
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van BerkumSchaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkum
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkumberkumpje1
 
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click Through
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click ThroughJurassic Falls StoryBoards Click Through
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click ThroughLillyKocurek
 
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkum
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van BerkumThe Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkum
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkumberkumpje1
 
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024danwonclarinet
 
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)RyanLovett5
 
Alex Matus - Professional Best Photographer
Alex Matus - Professional Best PhotographerAlex Matus - Professional Best Photographer
Alex Matus - Professional Best PhotographerAlex Matus Photography
 
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex Matus
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex MatusAward - Winning Photographer - Alex Matus
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex MatusAlex Matus Photography
 
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, BostonBlack Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, BostonProfessorNordell
 
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptx
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptxppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptx
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptxFitria52
 
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a stroke
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a strokeWhen a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a stroke
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a strokebilalpakweb
 
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2micahhansonart
 
Film Poster for a fictional movie La Mer
Film Poster for a fictional movie La MerFilm Poster for a fictional movie La Mer
Film Poster for a fictional movie La MerAnna Barto
 
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?bilalpakweb
 
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)Anna Barto
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfolio
Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography PortfolioDeondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfolio
Deondre' O'Bannon -Photography Portfolio
 
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATION
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATIONMeal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATION
Meal Planning, Nutrition, and Digestion / TREATING CONSTIPATION
 
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkum
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van BerkumA selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkum
A selection of short panel comics by Petra van Berkum
 
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsx
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsxThe Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsx
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsx
 
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence C
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence CSmudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence C
Smudge Animated Short Storyboards Sequence C
 
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkum
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van BerkumSchaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkum
Schaduw - a short story by Petra van Berkum
 
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click Through
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click ThroughJurassic Falls StoryBoards Click Through
Jurassic Falls StoryBoards Click Through
 
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkum
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van BerkumThe Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkum
The Beach - a short visual story by Petra van Berkum
 
Book_National_Library_of_India_Exclusive Craqdi Library .pdf
Book_National_Library_of_India_Exclusive Craqdi Library  .pdfBook_National_Library_of_India_Exclusive Craqdi Library  .pdf
Book_National_Library_of_India_Exclusive Craqdi Library .pdf
 
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024
Rendezvous Arts on Chicago Tribune March20 2024
 
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)
Ghostectives Storyboard (Work in Progress)
 
Alex Matus - Professional Best Photographer
Alex Matus - Professional Best PhotographerAlex Matus - Professional Best Photographer
Alex Matus - Professional Best Photographer
 
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex Matus
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex MatusAward - Winning Photographer - Alex Matus
Award - Winning Photographer - Alex Matus
 
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, BostonBlack Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Black Art Colonial Spaces at The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptx
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptxppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptx
ppppppppppttttttttttttttby Slidesgo.pptx
 
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a stroke
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a strokeWhen a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a stroke
When a sudden medical emergency occurs—say, a spouse has a stroke
 
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2
Smudge Animated Short Thumbnails Version 2
 
Film Poster for a fictional movie La Mer
Film Poster for a fictional movie La MerFilm Poster for a fictional movie La Mer
Film Poster for a fictional movie La Mer
 
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
04. MEMORY CARE: DEALING WITH DEMENTIA WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
 
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)
Converse Shoe Designs by Anna Barto (Adobe Illustrator)
 

Citizen space dslr_bryan_tan

  • 1. DSLR Beginner’s Course Taking Control of Your Camera
  • 2. The Basics of Exposure • What is photography? • Capturing light. • Correct exposure is achieved by capturing the correct quantity of light.
  • 3. What happens when exposure is incorrect? Underexposed Overexposed
  • 4. Three Controls of Exposure • Shutter speed – The duration of time that the shutter opens to allow light into the camera (e.g. 1/60th of a second). • Aperture – The size of the lens opening through which light can enter. Like the pupils in our eyes, it can open bigger or smaller to allow or restrict the amount of light. The setting for the aperture is expressed as a ratio (e.g. f/4 or f/8). This is also called the “f-stop”. • ISO – The sensitivity setting of the digital sensor. Most DSLRs have a “base” ISO of 100 or 200. When a higher setting is used, the incoming light is amplified electronically to give a brighter image. The advantage of high ISO settings is the ability to achieve the same exposure when there is less light available. The disadvantage is that the resulting image will be grainy or noisy.
  • 5. Getting to know your camera
  • 6. Understanding your settings What do all of these boxes mean?
  • 7. The Light Meter • As the name implies, it measures the amount of light in a given scene. • In-camera meters take reflective readings of a scene. • A reflective light meter assumes that the world is gray, and therefore, it can easily be fooled. – Example: In the same environment, a white piece of paper will reflect a lot more light than a black t-shirt. • A reflective reading must be interpreted to ensure a correct exposure.
  • 8. The Light Meter, cont. • Metering Modes – Evaluative/Matrix (default mode) • The camera divides the scene into several zones, and uses its knowledge of common situations to choose the best exposure. This mode is the most effective in the majority of situations, but can fail in backlit or other challenging lighting conditions. – Center-weighted average • Similar to evaluative/matrix mode, but gives more weight to the exposure in the center of the frame than the edges. – Partial and Spot • These are two separate modes, but are very similar. Partial and spot metering only reads a portion of the scene, and ignores the rest. This setting is useful for those challenging situations where evaluative/matrix might not do a good job.
  • 9. The Light Meter, cont. • Comparison of partial vs. spot metering:
  • 10. The Light Meter, cont. • Metering settings in menus:
  • 11. “Zero” out your exposure • Set cameras to manual (M) mode. – In manual exposure mode, all the exposure settings (shutter speed, aperture, ISO) are controlled by you. – The light meter is still active, but the camera no longer uses it to set the exposure. • Learn to read the light meter in manual mode. – The scale is usually a range from -2 to +2 or -3 to +3. – When the meter is in the middle, or at zero, this is the recommended exposure. – Each number in the scale is a factor of 2, i.e. +1 is twice the exposure as 0, while -2 is half the exposure of -1. This is also called a “stop”, i.e. +1 is one stop more than 0. – If the meter is blinking at the edge of the scale, it means that the meter reading is off the scale, and the current exposure value is more than 2 stops from the recommended setting.
  • 12. “Zero” out your exposure, cont. • Change the exposure settings to “zero” the meter out. – If the meter is on the negative side, zero it by increasing the exposure. Likewise, if the meter is on the positive side, zero it by decreasing the exposure. – Using what we know about the three controls of exposure, we can increase exposure by: 1. Slowing down the shutter speed • Changing the shutter speed from 1/100th to 1/50th will increase the exposure by a stop. 2. Opening up the aperture • A smaller F-number means a bigger aperture. f/4 is a bigger aperture setting than f/8. Try making your F-numbers as small as possible. 3. Increasing the ISO setting • Indoor settings are typically much darker than outdoor settings, and very high ISO settings are necessary to get an adequate shutter speed. Try 1600 or 3200 to start.
  • 13. Shutter speed, in detail • In most situations, there is a minimum shutter speed required to achieve a sharp image. – Two rules to remember: 1. When handholding the camera, the shutter speed should be at least “1/focal length”, i.e. for a 50mm lens, the minimum shutter speed is 1/50th, while a 200mm lens needs to be 1/200th or faster. 2. For moving objects, such as moving people, the minimum shutter speed is 1/125th. For faster moving objects, such as athletes or cars, the minimum shutter speed is 1/250th or even higher depending on their speed and direction of movement. – Both rules should be applied together, and the higher minimum speed should be the one used. Remember that these speeds are only guidelines. If you still see unwanted motion blur, the easiest solution is to increase the shutter speed.
  • 15. Aperture, in detail • Also called the f-stop, and is expressed as a ratio, where “f” stands for “focal length”. – For example, when using a 50mm lens, f/4 means an aperture size of 50mm/4, or 12.5mm. • The f-number is the denominator in the fraction. Therefore, a smaller f-number means a bigger aperture, and vice versa. • Lenses have a maximum aperture and a minimum aperture, which is the largest and smallest that the aperture can be set to, respectively.
  • 16. Aperture, in detail, cont. • Lingo: “open up” means to increase the aperture, while “stop down” means to make the aperture smaller. • The aperture setting will affect both the sharpness and the depth of field of the an image. – Sharpness: most lenses will produce the sharpest images when set 2 stops down from the maximum aperture. For a lens with a maximum aperture of f/5.6, the lens will be sharpest around f/11. Using a smaller aperture also increases the margin of error for focusing. – Depth of Field: using a large aperture will result in images with shallow depth of field. This allows selective focus on a certain element, while leaving the rest of the frame out of focus. Conversely, using a small aperture results in images with a deep depth of field, allowing both foreground and background elements to be in focus.
  • 17. Depth of Field • Defined as the distance between the nearest and farthest points in a scene that appear acceptably sharp. • Two factors determine the effective depth of field in an image: 1. The physical size of the aperture. • A bigger aperture will result in a shallower depth of field. With everything else being equal, an image shot with a 200mm lens at f/4 will have less depth of field than one shot with a 50mm lens at f/4, since the first image used an aperture size of 50mm, while the second used an aperture size of 12.5mm. For this reason, telephoto lenses tend to produce images with shallow depth of field, while wide-angle lenses tend to produce images with deep depth of field. 2. The focus distance. • Focusing on something inches away will put the background more out of focus than focusing on something a few feet away. This is due to the relative distance between the focus point and the background. A bigger relative distance means less depth of field. Visualize this effect by closing one eye and focus on a finger at different distances.
  • 18. Depth of Field examples 85mm lens, f/1.4 400mm lens, f/2.8 14mm lens, f/16
  • 19. ISO sensitivity, in detail • Since high ISO settings produce unwanted noise, it should be kept as low as possible. – When shooting outdoors in daylight, stick to ISO 100 or 200, as there is an abundance of light to achieve the minimum shutter speed, or a reasonable depth of focus. – Change to ISO 400 or 800 for very bright or fairly bright interiors. Remember to pay attention to the shutter speed, and adjust the ISO value according. – In dim interiors or shooting at night, ISO 1600 or higher is usually necessary to achieve a reasonable shutter speed. • In low light situations, high ISO settings are unavoidable, and should be used if necessary. While not ideal, a correctly exposed high ISO image will be better than one that is underexposed or blurred.
  • 21. White Balance • Our eyes are able to quickly adjust to different lighting conditions, and we can perceive a wide range of colors as “white”. While the following conditions produce significantly different color temperatures, we perceive the color of light to be more or less the same: – A clear day with direct sunlight (5000k). – An overcast sky (6000-6500k). – Indoor fluorescent lighting (4000-4200k, with a green cast). – Household lighting with “soft white” bulbs (2700-3100k). • Cameras must be given a reference point in order to know what is white. If set to sunlight temperature, images taken in overcast conditions will have a prominent blue cast, while indoor photos will result in orange/yellow skin tones.
  • 22. White Balance, cont. • By default, the white balance setting is AWB (auto white balance). • This mode will set the appropriate white balance most of the time, but it can fail in some common situations: – When the frame is dominated by a single color, AWB will not be able to find a reference to set the correct white balance. – AWB has a range of 3000-7000k, which means that there are many lighting conditions that fall outside of its range. Most notably, household bulbs are typically 2700k, and AWB is unable to render this correctly. • When AWB fails, there are two solutions: 1. Take a photograph of something known to be white, such as a piece of paper and set a custom white balance. 2. Shoot RAW and adjust the white balance in post-processing.
  • 23. White Balance examples AWB (3450k) Corrected (2500k) AWB (3450k) Corrected (2500k)
  • 24. Choosing RAW or JPEG • Advantages of shooting JPEG: – Convenience: ability to view and share photos immediately without additional software. – Smaller file size: shoot more images on media card. • Advantages of shooting RAW: – Control: retain the ability to set white balance in post-processing, and the flexibility to process the image in multiple ways. – More image data: allows significantly more room for exposure corrections and noise reduction.