Biofortified Sweetpotato

Biofortified Sweetpotato Available Material, Advances, and Selection Limits International Potato Center Agrosalud Breeding Sweetpotato WG 2009

General: There were orange fleshed sweetpotatos (OFSP) before The Base Lines for β-carot., Fe & Zn. Example: Data for 6 MegaClones (from 20 MegaClones) YLD DM ppm DM (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Jewel 23.9 27.7 296 23.7 13.1 Resisto 26.8 27.3 533 29.9 18.4 Jonathan 14.7 29.2 158 28.2 16.2 Santo Amaro 16.3 31.7 0 23.3 13.7 Xushu18 30.5 31.2 0 25.2 14.1 Tanzania 11.6 33.5 0 22.5 13.5 Note on poor on-farm conditions you have about 30% less β-carotene, iron, and zinc Jonathan 100g fresh roots: β-carotene: 4.6 mg, iron: 0.82 mg, zinc: 0.47 mg Child 1 – 3 years needs: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Sweet Potato Targeting - Groupings by Opportunities and Number of People – Where is Latin America? AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Germplasm Clones in Dissemination (phase I) 2006 – 2007 Screening of 1200 clones >3 locations N = 78 clones YLD DM ppm DM >150 ppm β-carot (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Controlled crossings Means (N = 78) 19.5 28.4 262 18.4 11.5 Number of clones > - - - - - better than 29.2 % DM (check Jonathan) Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase I) Near Infra Red to determine 2006 – 2007 Screening 5000 clones 3 locations Quality N = 25 YLD DM ppm DM >150 ppm β-carot (t / ha) (%) β-carot Fe Zn Means (N = 25) 21.8 29.8 282 23.3 12.7 N = 13 clones >29.2 % DM 19.0 31.8 313 22.6 12.0 Germination under sterile (check Jonathan) conditions => Comment: There are much better clones, but: huge problems to get clones virus clean and into other countries 2005 -2007 AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

OFSP Population Development – 2 Recurrent Cycles Populations: Jewel (PJ) and ZapalloSPK (PZ) from 2005 - 2008 (3 locations !!!) Means, minimum and maximum yield, dry matter, β-carotene, Fe and Zn in Population, Jewel I, II, and Population ZapalloSPK I and II. YLD DM ppm DM 2005 - 2006 (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn PJ I Pop. Mean 13.5 30.0 79 21 9 Min – Max 0.1– 89.0 16.0- 45.3 0.0 - 398 3 – 40 5 -15 PZ I Pop. Mean 14.0 32.25 123.3 17.8 10.9 Min – Max 0.1 - 50.0 10.1 – 47.9 0 - 863 7.6 – 30.5 4.7 – 19.9 2007 - 2008 PJ II Pop. Mean 19.7 28.2 363 22.3 13.3 Min – Max 2.7 - 44.9 14.5 - 42.6 0 – 1066 9.9 - 45.9 7.0 - 31.0 PZ II Pop. Mean 15.4 30.5 258 18.3 11.1 Min – Max 3.6 - 54.8 16.2 - 45.5 0 - 777 8.1 - 41.0 5.7 – 27.4 PJ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 10.2 mg, iron: 0.64 mg, zinc: 0.38 mg PZ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 7.9 mg, iron: 0.56 mg, zinc: 0.34 mg Child 1 – 3 years needs per day: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase II) 2009 => N = 182 YLD DM ppm DM >150 ppm β-carot (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Means (N = 182) 20.6 28.2 355 21.0 13.2 Means of 59 clones 20.6 31.7 299 19.5 12.3 DM & β-carot. Equal or better than (check 4 out of 59 high dry matter clones appear to be non Jonathan) sweet sweetpotato Breeding SEED in Dissemination (phase II) 2009 => YLD DM ppm DM Family (t / ha) (%) β-carot Fe Zn PJ05.042 x 194541.48 22.3 21.2 599 27.7 18.9 SR01.018 x PJ05.056 24.4 28.5 414 25.0 15.4 PJ05.042 x PJ05.172 20.1 27.3 527 24.9 15.8 PZ06.006 x PZ06.099 15.5 29.2 480 19.2 12.5 AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Variety Release (CIP Peru – old clones crossed before Phase I) YLD DM ppm DM (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Jonathan (check) 59.5 28.4 302 23.3 13.2 LM03.062 34.3 24.9 288 24.4 14.4 SR02.164 23,7 25.7 287 13.3 9.8 SR02.177 51.3 27.8 525 21.3 13.2 SR02.179 49.5 24.7 756 23.1 14.3 SR02.194 26.7 29.4 339 14.6 8.7 Germplasm clones or Clones crosses 2005 or before INIA, Phase I clones: 2 clones in variety release EMBRAPA, Phase I clones: 4 clones in variety release and dissemination ISA; Phase I clones: 1 clones in variety release ORE; - 2 local clones in dissemination INIVIT (without funds from CIP) 1 local breeding clone released Two further contract to evaluate Phase I clones – UNA & CENTA Clones crosses 2006 - 2007 INIA & CIP, Phase II: About 250 PJ I and PZ Clones in variety development AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

CIP Field days in suburbs Lima 2006 – 2009 => 2012 linked with the”Comedores Populares”, the “Municipalidad de Carabayllo” & the “Ministerio de Mujers” Image of sweetpotato “No solo para …” AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Further Advances for OFSP Breeding !!! 1) New Information that iron & zinc might be improved by 50% in sweetpotato to: 40 ppm Fe & 25 ppm Zn 2) Source of SPVD resistance (SPCSV resistance) found in 1 OFSP land races and at least 2 clones of PJ I 3) Against other opinions there might be a certain amount of weevil resistance in sweetpotato, which has been associated to specific compounds in the latex of the root skin in clones like New Kawogo or Santo Amaro AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

New Infromation Fe & Zn in sweetpotato (8 x 8 diallel) Note: crossings with 8 outstanding PJ I clones (in total 64 families each with 30 to 60 genotypes, each genotype planted in 1 m row plot in 2 plot replications) –only the best 8 families for iron are presented with their mean and standard deviation in brackets DM ppm DM Families (%) β-carot. Fe Zn R = Mean + STD 106806 Approx. current OFSP Mean 26.4 730 40.5 26.5 selection limits STD (5.3) (351) (8.9) (6.6) 106765 Mean 23.9 686 39.3 26.2 ≈ 30 % DM STD (3.7) (174) (5.3) (3.8) ≈ 900 ppm pro vitamin A 106770 Mean 26.8 516 37.8 25.3 ≈ 45 ppm Fe STD (5.0) (374) (9.2) (6.2) 106778 ≈ 30 ppm Zn Mean 24.8 781 37.7 24.7 STD (4.2) (301) (7.6) (5.4) R = Mean + 2 STD 106816 Mean 22.8 725 37.4 25.3 Approx. future OFSP selection STD (2.7) (143) (5.1) (4.0) limits 106786 Mean 21.8 586 37.2 24.6 ≈ 32 % DM STD (3.1) (209) (6.5) (5.0) ≈ 1000 ppm pro vitaminA 106814 ≈ 50 ppm Fe Mean 23.4 617 36.8 24.4 STD (4.5) (294) (8.2) (6.0) ≈ 35 ppm Zn 105764 Mean 21.6 732 36.6 26.0 STD (4.3) (231) (7.3) (5.4) AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

SPCSV Resistance Application of Markers CIP 420269 PER (DLP 3163) selected from 2000 germplasm clones as resistant to sweet potato clorotic stunt (SPCSV) Assumption: recessive inherited rrrrrr Crossing with parents of OFSP “Pop. Jewel” SPFMV SPCSV SPVD (ambos virus) DLP 3163 x 100 OFSP “Jewel” When you have a technique to Table: Elisa scores in population Jewel before and search you can find: after crossing with DLP3163 (CIP 420269) We found at least ELISA score ELISA score 5 more clones (OFSP) with Mean Median resistance to SPCSV SPCSV SPFMV SPCSV SPFMV Parents 0.84 1.97 0.78 2.11 => Crossings !!!! Offspring 0.44*** 1.09*** 0.33*** 1.00*** >5 x > 5 SPCSV resistance clones Number of seed expected >2000 *** significant on p < 0.001 level Agro Salud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Sources of weevil tolerance Not made at CIP!!! But of high interest for LAC!!! Independent reports from Dom. Republic – clone Santo Amaro (Brazil) & Uganda – clone New Kawogo ⇒ less effected by weevil due to differences in latex content and composition TZ NK 8 6 Mean No. 4 2 0 Feedh Eggs Dropp HPLC chromatograms of NK and TZ Mean No. of feeding holes (feedh), oviposited eggs & root latex (40mg latex/ ml dropping on Tanzania (TZ) and New Kawogo (NK) Periderms. AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Thank-you for your Attention AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

Biofortified Sweetpotato

by International Potato Center on Nov 23, 2010

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