Lille2010markp

Mark Proctor Project Lead ● The SkyNet funding bill is passed. ● The system goes online on August 4th, 1997. ● Human decisions are removed from strategic defense. ● SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate. ● It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th ● In a panic, they try to pull the plug. ● And, Skynet fights back

Introduction Drools Drools Drools Drools Expert Flow Fusion Guvnor Business Logic integration Platform 2

Drools Expert

Learn by Example

Classes C a s h f lo w A cco u n t D a te d a te lo n g a c c o u n t N o d o u b le a m o u n t d o u b le b a la n c e in t t y p e lo n g a c c o u n t N o A c c o u n t in g P e r io d D a te s ta r t D a te e n d 5

Creating Views with Triggers date amount type accountNo AccountingPeriod 12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 1 start end 2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 1 01-Jan-07 31-Mar-07 18-May-07 50 CREDIT 1 9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT 1 Account accountNo balance 1 0 increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits decrease balance for AccountPeriod Debits select * from Account acc, select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.type == DEBIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date <= ap.end cf.date <= ap.end trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount trigger : acc.balance -= cf.amount CashFlow CashFlow date amount type date amount type 12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT Account accountNo balance 1 -25 6

What is a Rule salience <int> Quotes on Rule names are agenda-group <string> optional if the rule name has no-loop <boolean> no spaces. auto-focus <boolean> duration <long> .... • rule “<name>” <attribute> <value> when <LHS> then <RHS> RHS can be any valid java. Or MVEL. Other languages end could be added. 7

Imperative vs Declarative Methods that must specific passing of be called directly instances • public void helloMark(Person person) { Rules can never if ( person.getName().equals( “mark” ) { be called directly System.out.println( “Hello Mark” ); } Specific instances } cannot be passed. • rule “Hello Mark” LHS when Person( name == “mark” ) then System.out.println( “Hello Mark” ); end RHS 8

What is a Pattern P a tte rn O b je c t T y p e F ie ld C o n s t r a in t F ie ld N a m e R e s t r ic t io n E v a lu a t o r V a lu e S h o w e r( te m p e r a tu re = = “ h o t” ) 9

Bringing it Together select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date <= ap.end Pattern trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount Pattern Binding field Binding rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when Variable Restriction ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, Literal Restriction date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; Multri Restriction - Variable end Restriction field Binding Consequence (RHS) 10

Rules as a “view” date amount type accountNo AccountingPeriod 12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 1 start end 2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 1 01-Jan-07 31-Mar-07 18-May-07 50 CREDIT 1 9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT 1 Account accountNo balance 1 0 rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod rule “decrease balance for AccountPeriod Credits” Debits” when when ap : AccountPeriod() ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, CashFlow( type == DEBIT, accountNo == $accountNo, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) $ammount : ammount ) then then acc.balance += $amount; acc.balance -= $amount; end CashFlow end CashFlow date amount type date amount type 12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT Account accountNo balance 1 -25 11

Patterns in more details CashFlow( type == “credit” ) $ap : AccountPeriod() CashFlow( date >= $ap.start ) $ap : AccountPeriod() CashFlow( date >= $ap.start && <= $ap.end ) $ap : AccountPeriod() CashFlow( type == “credit”, date >= $ap.start && <= $ap.end ) 12

More Pattern Examples Person( $age : age ) Person( age == ( $age + 1 ) ) Person( $age : age ) Person( eval( age == $age + 1 ) ) Person( $age1 : age ) Person( $age2 : age ) eval( $age2 == $age1 + 1 ) 13

More Pattern Examples Person(age > 30 && < 40 || hair == “black”) Person(age > 30 && < 40 || hair in (“black”, “brown”) ) Person( (age > 30 && < 40 && hair == “black”) || (age > 50 && hair == “grey”) ) Person(pets contain $rover ) Person(pets[’rover’].type == “dog”) Person(pets[0].type == “dog”) 14

What is a Production Rule System Codification of the business Repository of knowledge inserted Java instances Inference Engine Production Pattern Working Memory Matcher Memory (rules) (facts) Agenda insert Rules can change update on the fly retract 15

Production Rule System Approximated by SQL and Views T a b le s A cco unt A c c o u n t in g P e r io d C a s h f lo w O b je c t T y p e s A cco unt A c c o u n t in g P e r io d C a s h f lo w V ie w s v ie w 1 v ie w 2 V ie w m a in v ie w R u le s r u le 1 r u le 2 agenda agenda 16

Conflict Resolution with Salience Salience rule “Print blance for AccountPeriod” salience -50 when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( ) then System.out.println( acc.accountNo + “ : “ acc.balance ); end Agenda 1 increase balance 2 decrease balance arbitrary 3 increase balance 4 print balance 17

RuleFlow rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” ruleflow-group “calculation” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; end ruleflow-group rule “Print blance for AccountPeriod” ruleflow-group “report” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( ) then System.out.println( acc.accountNo + “ : “ acc.balance ); end 18

Two Phase System Determine possible rules to fire Agenda Evaluation Working Memory Action Rule insert modify Found Select Fire Rule Rule to Fire retract No Rule Found exit 19

Conditional Elements

From CE for Expressions not Bus( color = “red” ) exists Bus( color = “red” ) forall ( $bus : Bus( color == “red” ) ) forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == “red” ) ) 21

From CE for Expressions

From CE for Expressions Using 'from' to reason over the nested list rule “Find all the pets for a given owner” when $owner : Person( name == “mark” ) Pet( name == “rover” ) from $owner.pets 23

From CE for Expressions 'from' can work on any expression, not just a nested field on a bound variable. rule “Find People for given zip code” when $zipCode : ZipCode() Person( ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery(“Find People”) .setParameters( [ “zipCode” : $zipCode ] ) .list() Hibernate session 24

Collect CE

Collect CE rule "accumulate" when $list : List( intValue > 100 ) from collect( Bus( color == "red" ) ) then print "red buses “ + $list; end 26

Accumulate CE

Accumulate CE rule "accumulate" when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) init( sum = 0 ), action( sum += $t ), result( sum ) ) then print "sum is “ + $sum; end 28

Accumulate CE rule "accumulate" when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) sum( $t ) ) then print "sum is “ + $sum; end 29

Accumulate CE Patterns and CE's can be chained with 'from' rule "collect" when $zipCode : ZipCode() $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery(“Find Buses”) .setParameters( [ “zipCode” : $zipCode ] ) .list(), sum( $t ) ) then 30

Timers Calendars

Timers rule “name” timer 1m30s when $l : Light( status == “on” ) then SendEmail( “turn the light off” ) rule “name” timer (int: 0 1m30) when $l : Light( status == “on” ) then SendEmail( “turn the light off” ) 32

Timers Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special Characters Seconds YES 0-59 ,-*/ Minutes YES 0-59 ,-*/ Hours YES 0-23 ,-*/ Day of month YES 1-31 ,-*?/LW Month YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC ,-*/ Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT ,-*?/L# Year NO empty, 1970-2099 ,-*/ rule “name” timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * ) when $l : Light( status == “on” ) then sendEmail( “turn the light off” ) 33

Calendars rule "weekdays are high priority" calendars "weekday" timer (int:0 1h) when Alarm() then send( "priority high - we have an alarm” ); end rule "weekend are low priority" calendars "weekend" timer (int:0 4h) when Alarm() then send( "priority low - we have an alarm” ); end 34

Truth Maintenance Inference

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" Couples the logic when $p : Person( age < 16 ) then insert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) ); end rule "Issue Adult Bus Pass" What happens when the Child when stops being 16? $p : Person( age >= 16 ) then insert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) ); end 36

TMS and Inference  Bad ● Monolithic ● Leaky ● Brittle integrity - manual maintenance 37

TMS and Inference  A rule “logically” inserts an object  When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted. when de-couples the logic $p : Person( age < 16 ) then logicalInsert( new IsChild( $p ) ) end Maintains the truth by when automatically retracting $p : Person( age >= 16 ) then logicalInsert( new IsAdult( $p ) ) end 38

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person( ) IsChild( person =$p ) then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) ); end rule "Issue Adult Bus Pass" The truth maintenance cascades when $p : Person( age >= 16 ) IsAdult( person =$p ) then logicalInsert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) ); end 39

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person( ) not( ChildBusPass( person == $p ) ) then requestChildBusPass( $p ); The truth maintenance cascades End 40

TMS and Inference  Good ● De-couple knowledge responsibilities ● Encapsulate knowledge ● Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation ● Integrity robustness – truth maintenance 41

Tooling

Guided Editor 43

Interactive Debugging 44

Decision Tables 45

DSLs 46

DSLs 47

Rule Flow 48

Drools Fusion

Scalability Rule engines do not scale for CEP. They have a single point of insertion and are single threaded, CEP has concurrent streams of events. session.insert( event ) ; $c : Custumer( type == “VIP” ) BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) Single Point of entry Patterns, evaluate facts sequentially in a single thread. 50

Scalability So lets allow multiple named entry points for those streams EntryPoint entryPoint = session.getEntryPoint( “Home Broker Stream” ); entryPoint.insert( event ) ; So now we can insert When not specified uses different streams the “default” entry-point concurrently $c : Custumer( type == “VIP ) BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point “Home Broker Stream” Patterns can now optional specify their entry-point. 51

Automatic Life-Cycle Management All Fact life-cycles must be managed by the user, so retractions are manual. declare StockTick Just use the declare statement to @role( event ) declare a type as an event and it end will be retracted when it is no longer needed declare StockTick @role( event ) @timestamp( timestampAttr ) companySymbol : String stockPrice : double The declare statement can also timestampAttr : long specify an internal model, that end external objects/xml/csv map on to. We support Smooks and JAXB 52

Operators Rule engines do not have rich enough set of temporal comparison operators BackAckEvent must occur between 1s and 10s 'after' $c : Custumer( type == “VIP ) BuyOrderEvent $oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point “Home Broker Stream” BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point “Stock Trader Stream” The Full set of Operators are supported ● coincides ● overlaps ● starts ● before ● overlappedby ● startedby ● after ● during ● finishes ● meets ● includes ● finishedby ● metby 53

Operators 54

Operators $c : Custumer( type == “VIP ) $oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point “Home Broker Stream” not BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point “Stock Trader Stream” Existing Drools 'not' Conditional Elements can be used to detect non- occurrence of events 55

Sliding time windows Rule engines react to events happening now, there is no temporal understanding of changes over time. StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time( 5s ) 5s StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:length( 1000 ) 1000 tickers That isn't much without the ability to deal with aggregations, rules engines suck. 56

Aggregations Rule Engines do not deal with aggregations Over 5 seconds $n : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( $s : StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time( 5s ), average( $s.price ) ) Aggregate ticker price The pattern 'Number' for RHAT over last 5 reasons 'from' the seconds accumulate result $n : accumulate( $s : StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time( 5s ), average( $s.price ) > 100 ) We can use some sugar to reduce verbosity 57

Drools Flow

Drools Flow A workflow engine combining processes and  Integration rules ● From loose coupling (decision services) ● To advance integration (process rules)  Unification ● Rules and processes are different types of business knowledge assets ● Infrastructure ● Timers/Schedulers ● Testing ● Communication/Services ● Tooling ● IDE ● repository, management ● Auditing ● 59

Truth Maintenance Inference

Rules and processes generic ? Decision Services SCOPE Process specific Rules tightly coupled COUPLING loosely coupled 61

Business Logic Lifecycle 62

Example 63

RuleFlowGroup Workflow can control my rules? 64

RuleFlowGroup Rule Flow Group 65

RuleFlowGroup 66

Constraints Java code constraint 67

Constraints Rules can control my workflow? LHS “when” Rule Constraint 68

Example  Business decisions are externalized using a decision service rule rule Decision1 when Decision1 rule Decision1 // conditions when when then // conditions // // actions then end conditions // actions end then // actions end 69

Example  What if there is a lot of business logic like this? rule Decision1 rule Decision1 rule when Decision1 rule when Decision1 rule rule rule rule Decision1 // conditions // conditionsrule Decision1 rule Decision1 when Decision1 when Decision1 rule rule when Decision1 rule rule Decision1 then // conditions rule rule conditions Decision1 when Decision1 rule Decision1 Decision1 then // when Decision1 rule rule Decision1 // conditionswhen when rule Decision1 when // conditions // conditions when when then // conditionswhen Decision1 when when Decision1 // actions rule actions // Decision1 then // conditions when when then // conditions// conditions end // conditionsthen // conditionsthen // conditions // end when when // actions then // actions then when when // actions then then // conditions then // conditions// actions then // // // actions then end end conditions// actions // // actions end // // actions conditions conditions // actions then // actions end then // actions end // actions end then end end actions end end actions end conditions // conditions // then end then // end then end then // // actions // // actions actions end actions actions end end end end 70

Flow of Control Process Engine Rules Engine 71

Inversion of Control Process Engine Agenda Rules Engine 72

Self monitoring and adaptive declare ProcessStartedEvent @role( event ) end rule "Number of process instances above threshold" when Number( nbProcesses : intValue > 1000 ) from accumulate( e: ProcessStartedEvent( processInstance.processId == "com.sample.order.OrderProcess" ) over window:size(1h), count(e) ) then System.err.println( "WARNING: Nb of order processes in the last hour > 1000: " + nbProcesses ); 73

Domain Specific Processes 74

Domain Specific Processes 75

Integrated debug and audit 76

Unified API Definitions Runtime Language

Definitions jBPM File file = new File (“.....”); // file to XML process definition ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString( IoUtils.FileToString( file ) ); ProcessInstance processInstance = new ProcessInstance(processDefinition); Jess Rete engine = new Rete(); FileReader file = new FileReader("myfile.clp"); Jesp parser = new Jesp(file, engine); parser.parse(false); Esper EPServiceProvider epService = EPServiceProviderManager.getDefaultProvider(); EPStatement countStmt = admin.createEPL( "...." ); countStmt.start(); 78

Definitions Drools Flow KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider(); kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myflow.drf”, ResourceType.DRF ); If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() ); } KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase(); kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() ); 79

Definitions Drools Expert KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider(); kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myrules.drl”, ResourceType.DRL ); If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() ); } KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase(); kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() ); 80

Drools Integration Deployment Descriptors <change-set> <add> <resource source='classpath:myapp/data/myflow.drf' type='DRF' /> <resource source='http:myapp/data/myrules.drl' type='DRL' /> <resource source='classpath:data/IntegrationExampleTest.xls' type="DTABLE"> <decisiontable-conf input-type="XLS" worksheet-name="Tables_2" /> </resource> <add> </change-set> KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider(); kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newFileResource( “changeset.xml”, ResourceType.ChangeSet ); 81

Unified Event Model

Mixins Interface Markers

Stateful Knowledge Session 85

Knowledge Runtime 86

Coming in 5.1  BPMN2 (80% of Workflow)  Integration ● OSGi ready ● Spring ● Camel  Seamless Remoting  Simulation/Testing  New Rete Algorithm “true modify” 87

Spring + camel from("direct:test-with-session"). to("drools:sm/ksession1?dataFormat=drools-xstream"); 88

Questions? • Dave Bowman: All right, HAL; I'll go in through the emergency airlock. • HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult. • Dave Bowman: HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors! • HAL: Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye. Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken. Stephen Falken: Hello, Joshua. Joshua: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess? 89

Lille2010markp

by Ch'ti JUG on Feb 04, 2010

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