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Computer Game Platforms &
Technologies
Week 8
Introduction to Hardware
So Far We Have...
• Covered game platforms and the software
technologies used upon them
• Undertaken the first assignment
– well I hope so!!!
• Completed half the content for this module
Hardware
Hardware
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
– Executes a sequence of stored instructions that
have been stored in a form of computer memory
– All computers have a CPU
– Fetch, Decode, Execute, Write
Hardware
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
– Clock Speeds
• Measured in Hertz
• Number of cycles per second the CPU can accomplish
– How many hertz in 1.2MHz?
– How many hertz in 2.4GHz?
– Mega Drive clock speed - 7.67 MHz
– Xbox 360 clock speed – 3.4 GHz
Hardware
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
– Cache
– Cache > RAM > Hard Disk
• L1 (Level One)
– Built into the CPU
– Extremely fast to access although small in size (256Kb is common)
• L2 (Level Two)
– Also built in (on modern processors)
– Increased latency due to distance (1MB in size is common)
• L3 (Level Three)
– Normally shared by cores (i.e. AMD Shanghai chips both have
their own L1 & L2 cache, but share a larger L3 cache)
– Located on the motherboard
Hardware
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
– Bus
• How a computer connects various locations to each
other within the system
• Types of CPU Bus
– Address
– Data
• FSB (Front Side Bus)
– Carries data between the CPU & the System Memory
(Northbridge)
– Percentage of CPU speed
– Can be key in games
Hardware
• Memory
– Purpose of Computer Memory
• To allow the computer to access and execute specific
files and applications quicker and faster than directly
from its stored location (i.e. Hard Drive / Flash Disk)
– Number of types of memory
• Functionality
• Durability
Hardware
• Memory
– Volatile
• RAM
• DRAM (Dynamic)
• SRAM (Static)
• SDRAM (Synchronous)
– Non Volatile
• ROM
• Flash Memory
Hardware
• Graphics Processor
– Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) / Visual
Processing Unit (VPU)
– Offloads and accelerates the process of 2D & 3D
graphic rendering from the CPU
– Can be integrated (on board) or dedicated
dependant on requirements
Hardware
• Graphics Processor
– Designed specifically for performing complex
mathematical and geometric calculations
– GPU speeds not as high as CPU
– Inbuilt RAM to store the image created
– Frame Buffer
Hardware
• Graphics Processor
– RAMDAC
• Converts the digital signals stored within the RAM to an
analogue base so that the monitor can interpret and
display the result
Hardware
• Graphics Processor
– Xbox 360 (Xenos GPU)
• 500MHz
• 4 x Full Scene Anti Aliasing (FSAA)
• Z Buffering
– PS3 (RXS)
• 550MHz
• Based on nVidea GeForce 7800 architecture
Hardware
• Power
– Internal (see image) stored within a PC case with
an external power lead supplying the electrical
current
– PSU dependant on internal components
– High power GPU = High Watt PSU
So...

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Week Eight - Introduction to Hardware

  • 1. Computer Game Platforms & Technologies Week 8 Introduction to Hardware
  • 2. So Far We Have... • Covered game platforms and the software technologies used upon them • Undertaken the first assignment – well I hope so!!! • Completed half the content for this module
  • 4. Hardware • CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Executes a sequence of stored instructions that have been stored in a form of computer memory – All computers have a CPU – Fetch, Decode, Execute, Write
  • 5. Hardware • CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Clock Speeds • Measured in Hertz • Number of cycles per second the CPU can accomplish – How many hertz in 1.2MHz? – How many hertz in 2.4GHz? – Mega Drive clock speed - 7.67 MHz – Xbox 360 clock speed – 3.4 GHz
  • 6. Hardware • CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Cache – Cache > RAM > Hard Disk • L1 (Level One) – Built into the CPU – Extremely fast to access although small in size (256Kb is common) • L2 (Level Two) – Also built in (on modern processors) – Increased latency due to distance (1MB in size is common) • L3 (Level Three) – Normally shared by cores (i.e. AMD Shanghai chips both have their own L1 & L2 cache, but share a larger L3 cache) – Located on the motherboard
  • 7. Hardware • CPU (Central Processing Unit) – Bus • How a computer connects various locations to each other within the system • Types of CPU Bus – Address – Data • FSB (Front Side Bus) – Carries data between the CPU & the System Memory (Northbridge) – Percentage of CPU speed – Can be key in games
  • 8. Hardware • Memory – Purpose of Computer Memory • To allow the computer to access and execute specific files and applications quicker and faster than directly from its stored location (i.e. Hard Drive / Flash Disk) – Number of types of memory • Functionality • Durability
  • 9. Hardware • Memory – Volatile • RAM • DRAM (Dynamic) • SRAM (Static) • SDRAM (Synchronous) – Non Volatile • ROM • Flash Memory
  • 10. Hardware • Graphics Processor – Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) / Visual Processing Unit (VPU) – Offloads and accelerates the process of 2D & 3D graphic rendering from the CPU – Can be integrated (on board) or dedicated dependant on requirements
  • 11. Hardware • Graphics Processor – Designed specifically for performing complex mathematical and geometric calculations – GPU speeds not as high as CPU – Inbuilt RAM to store the image created – Frame Buffer
  • 12. Hardware • Graphics Processor – RAMDAC • Converts the digital signals stored within the RAM to an analogue base so that the monitor can interpret and display the result
  • 13. Hardware • Graphics Processor – Xbox 360 (Xenos GPU) • 500MHz • 4 x Full Scene Anti Aliasing (FSAA) • Z Buffering – PS3 (RXS) • 550MHz • Based on nVidea GeForce 7800 architecture
  • 14. Hardware • Power – Internal (see image) stored within a PC case with an external power lead supplying the electrical current – PSU dependant on internal components – High power GPU = High Watt PSU
  • 15. So...

Editor's Notes

  1. http://www.karbosguide.com/hardware/module7b1.htm#aflaster